Comunicação e Sociedade (E-Journal)
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Public service media and public communication: concept, context and experiences
Get PDFUnlike the commercial sector because, among other aspects, it does not have a profitable objective, the public sector of communication has been defined according to a principle of universality and of equal access of citizens to media products. Notwithstanding this basic ground, which is more or less common to the public service broadcasting systems from most origins, the denomination of public service broadcasting – consistent with a European tradition – is not an unequivocal correlate of the concept of public communication – more in tune with an American, at least South-American, tradition. Focused on the experiences of Portugal and Brazil, this paper develops a comparative approach that aims to understand the political, social, and cultural framework of the public media activity in these two countries. Based on an analysis of legal documents that support the development of this activity, the paper is meant to discuss the sector in the broader context of Portuguese and Brazilian communication policies. On the other hand, while not ignoring the aspects – such as funding and independence issues – that have made public service broadcasting and public communication a field of permanent debate, this article also aims to identify and discuss the challenges faced by concessionary companies
Managing the challenges of incorporating new digital technology in public broadcasting services in Brazil and Portugal
Get PDFDigital technology and the rise of innovative online communication services are defining a challenging context for communication medium managers in general and in particular for those who administer public broadcasting systems. This context has propelled these professionals to come up with and establish a set of actions for shaping strategies so that these institutions can produce, advertise and offer media content across new platforms, and thereby re-establish and renew their consumer ties with certain audience profiles. A scene which has been shaped by the ever increasing virtual media options available to users which has led public communication mediums to lose parts of their audience, a situation which, in special circumstances, could threaten the social legitimacy of this particular broadcaster, its actual commitment to its mission and relegate it to a less-important level in the eyes of its citizens. This paper analyzes the challenges public broadcasting services in Brazil and Portugal have incorporating new technology and making themselves visible to an online public
Financiamento do serviços públicos de radiodifusão e o direito da União Europeia
Get PDFUm protocolo anexado ao Tratado de Amesterdão, relativo à radiodifusão pública, determina que os Estados-Membros são livres para financiar o Serviço Público de Radiodifusão, desde que não afete a concorrência na União Europeia a um nível contrário ao interesse comum. Como resultado dessa condição, a Comissão Europeia realiza um teste de proporcionalidade para verificar se não existe compensação excessiva ou efeitos desproporcionais do financiamento público. Fá-lo, no entanto, adotando um controle global que considera todos os programas da emissora pública como parte da missão de serviço público. Tal controlo é problemático porque não tem em conta a distinção entre serviços comerciais e programas de serviço público, nem a qualidade real dos programas. A Comissão concentra o seu controlo sobre o mercado publicitário, certificando-se de que os organismos públicos de radiodifusão não aproveitam o financiamento público para reduzir o preço das taxas de publicidade. A liberdade de que as emissoras públicas usufruem para disponibilizar quaisquer tipos de programas, desde que respeitem o mercado publicitário, revelou ser contrária ao interesse do cidadão
Descolonização em, de e através das imagens de arquivo “em movimento” da prática artística
Get PDFEste ensaio examina a forma como as práticas artísticas contemporâneas têm contribuído para uma descolonização epistémica e ético-política do presente através da investigação crítica de vários tipos de arquivos coloniais, quer públicos, quer privados, quer familiares, quer anónimos. Tomando como estudos de caso obras dos artistas Ângela Ferreira, Kiluanji Kia Henda, Délio Jasse, Daniel Barroca e Raquel Schefer, este ensaio indagará até que ponto a estética destas práticas videográficas, fotográficas e escultóricas implica uma política e uma ética da história e da memória relevantes para pensar criticamente as amnésias coloniais e as nostalgias imperiais que ainda caracterizam uma condição pós-colonial marcada por padrões neo-coloniais de globalização e por relações difíceis com comunidades migrantes e diaspóricas. Será prestada atenção às histórias e às memórias da ditadura portuguesa e do império colonial, das lutas de libertação / guerra “colonial” combatidas em Angola, Moçambique e Guiné-Bissau entre 1961 e 1974, da Revolução dos Cravos de 1974, da independência das antigas colónias portuguesas entre 1973 e 1975 e do “retorno” massivo de colonos portugueses de Angola e Moçambique em 1975, sem perder de vista o apartheid na África do Sul e a forma como a Guerra Fria se desenrolou no continente africano
Os desafios de gestão para a incorporação de novas tecnologias digitais nos serviços públicos de radiodifusão do Brasil e de Portugal
Get PDFAs tecnologias digitais e o surgimento de inovadores serviços de comunicação online estão definindo um contexto desafiador para os gestores dos meios de comunicação de modo geral e, em particular, para os que administram os sistemas públicos de radiodifusão. Esse contexto tem impelido esses profissionais a pensarem e estabelecerem um conjunto de ações cujo objetivo fundamental é modelar, em alguma medida, estratégias com o objetivo de fazer com que estas instituições produzam, divulguem e ofertem conteúdos midiáticos através de novas plataformas e, assim, reestabeleçam e renovem seus vínculos de consumo com distintos perfis de público. Um cenário configurado a partir da disponibilização cada vez mais acentuada de opções midiáticas virtuais aos usuários, e que tem levado os meios de comunicação públicos a enfrentarem perdas representativas de fatias de audiências, situação que pode, em circunstâncias limites, colocar em cheque a legitimidade social deste tipo de radiodifusão, o próprio cumprimento da sua missão e relegá-la a um plano de menor relevância perante os cidadãos. O texto analisa os desafios de gestão que se apresentam para os serviços públicos de radiodifusão do Brasil e de Portugal para incorporarem as novas tecnologias e se fazerem presentes perante seus potenciais públicos no ambiente virtual
Citizenship, activism and participation on the internet: brazilian experiences
Get PDFA number of social and political actions have been strengthened and potentiated by internet support, with use of its network architecture to disseminate information, promote collective discussion and support activism. In order to discuss how internet tools can contribute to political and social participation in Brazil, were identified on two websites: Vote on the Web (Vote na Web), which is privately owned, and Participatory – Youth Participatory Surveillance (Participatório – Observatório Participativo da Juventude), which is the result of an initiative by the government through the National Youth Secretariat (Secretaria Nacional da Juventude - SNJ). From these examples, this study aims to analyze the use of the internet for the creation, organization and dissemination of social and political participation and online activism in Brazil. It is understood that the websites are limited and that online tools are not used to their full potential. However, considering a context of citizenship and online participation, it is possible to verify that the architecture of those websites encourages participation - even without civic engagement - and can be a step forward towards an enhanced civic practice
Decolonization in, of and through the archival “moving images” of artistic practice
Get PDFThis essay investigates the ways in which contemporary artistic practices have been working towards an epistemic and ethico-political decolonization of the present by means of critical examinations of several sorts of colonial archives, whether public or private, familial or anonymous. Through the lens of specific artworks by the artists Ângela Ferreira, Kiluanji Kia Henda, Délio Jasse, Daniel Barroca and Raquel Schefer, this essay examines the extent to which the aesthetics of these video, photographic and sculptural practices puts forth a politics and ethics of history and memory relevant to thinking critically about the colonial amnesias and imperial nostalgias which still pervade a post-colonial condition marked by neo-colonial patterns of globalization and by uneasy relationships with diasporic and migrant communities. Attention will be paid to the histories and memories of the Portuguese dictatorship and colonial empire, the liberation wars / the “colonial” war fought in Angola, Mozambique and Guinea-Bissau between 1961 and 1974, the Carnation Revolution in Portugal in 1974, the independence of Portugal’s former colonies between 1973 and 1975, and the mass “return” of Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique in 1975, without losing sight of apartheid South Africa and the ways in which the Cold War played out on the African continent
Vicente, F. L. (Org.) (2014). O Império da Visão: Fotografia no Contexto Colonial Português (1860-1960). Lisboa: Edições 70.
Get PDFO volume O Império da Visão: Fotografia no Contexto Colonial Português (1860-1960) resultou de um projeto de investigação intitulado..
The public service broadcasting and the construction of a public sphere
No full textIn an age marked by multiple distribution platforms of content, oligopoly of media sectors and transnational nature of cultural industries it is not any longer enough for the Public Broadcast to inform, educate and entertain with independence and technical, ethics and aesthetics quality, as proposed by the British BBC in 1927. Public Radio and Television need to find a new social function that distinguishes them from the private media and justify state investment in communication. A rising number of scholars point out that this new function is the creation and strengthening of a broad media public sphere able to guarantee citizens a space for debate on common issues, a process that encourages citizen participation and transformative action. This article examines the role of Public Broadcasting in the twenty-first century according to the media theories influenced by the thought of the German philosopher and sociologist Jürgen Habermas, whose concept of the public sphere has become central in discussions about building dialogic media spaces
The educational radio in the perception of basic education teachers – The More Education Program’s school radio case
Get PDFThe public policies of media literacy gain importance in the face of the transformations of the ways of making communication. And the effectiveness of these policies, within the scope of basic education, may run counter to the receptivity of teachers. This article analyzes the perception of teachers of public education in Fortaleza (Brazil) about educational radio and the orientation they adopt in the development of curricular activities. The research was carried out in 2014, in 21 schools integrated to the More Education Program (PME). The PME, implemented in 2007 by the Ministry of Education, intends to develop a policy of integral education for schools. One of the activities offered is school radio, by the macro field “Communication and Use of Media”. A total of 124 interviews were carried out, among More Education coordinators, teachers and students. The interviews were carried out from a questionnaire of 63 questions. For this article, we focused on the analysis of 31 interviews with public school teachers who made the option of school radio as an activity. The results of the analysis point to a low index of teachers participation in the functioning of school radio, a perception of learning still focused only on literacy and difficulties in the approximation between school radio and classroom