GSSRR.ORG: International Journals: Publishing Research Papers in all Fields
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Internal Control and Financial Performance of Tier 3 Commercial Banks in Kenya
Get PDFBanks play very important role in economic development of nations as they largely wield control over the supply of money in circulation and are the main stimuli of economic progress. Commercial banks face a myriad of challenges including internal control in establishing and maintaining financial performance. The general objective was to assess financial internal control on financial performance of Tier 3 Commercial Banks in Kenya. The specific objectives were to establish moderating effect of bank regulatory framework on internal control and financial performance of Tier 3 Commercial Banks in Kenya. Schumpeterian growth model theory was used. The study adopted descriptive and explanatory research designs. Target population for this study constituted all managers drawn from Tier 3 commercial banks in Kenya. Research approach was proportionate sampling where sample was based on proportion of the population. Simple random sampling was employed in picking managers. Questionnaire was the main tool of collecting data for independent variables while secondary data was collected for dependent variables from published annual returns obtained from Central Bank of Kenya. Combination of descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze collected data. Factor analysis was used to summarize information contained in a number of original variables into a smaller number of factors without losing much information. Pearson product moment correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were employed to test the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. Data presentation was done descriptively using percentages displayed on graphs, pie charts and tables. The sample size was 129. A modified Likert scale questionnaire was developed and used. A pilot study was carried out using a sample of 13 managers from Tier 2 commercial banks in Kenya which assisted in refining of the instruments of data collection.
Findings indicated that correlation matrix of internal control ( =0.318, p=0.000) had linear relationship with financial performance. Regression results indicated that coefficient of internal control was 2264.5, while and bank regulatory framework, moderator, had a model where F=8.033, . This implied that coefficients of internal control as independent variable was positive and significant at 5% level while bank regulatory framework, as moderating effect, was also positive and significant. The findings of the study indicated that internal control influenced financial performance while bank regulatory framework moderated relationship between the internal control and financial performance of Tier 3 commercial banks in Kenya. It was recommended that commercial banks should implore internal controls by enhancing internal audit, surprise check, maker checker system and management exemption reports so as to increase the financial performance of Tier 3 commercial banks in Kenya
The Exiled Female Vision in Shauna Baldwin’s What the Body Remembers
Get PDFThis paper is a critical inquiry into Shauna Baldwin’s postfeminist literary work, What the Body Remembers. How is the exiled female vision represented in this exilic novel? Does this diasporic vision reflect what the [Indian] body remembers ? This short overview highlights the “unhomely” sense of belonging of the female body in her homeland, India. Through an exiled vision, the Indo-Canadian writer, Baldwin conveys the voice of the silenced Indian woman and depicts the internal exile within which Indian women live as a third-space. This vision reveals that exile does not mean necessarily that the person is elsewhere outside her homeland. The sense of elsewhereness and exile can happen to a person or a group of persons even at their homeland
To Profile Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Drug-Resistance and Susceptibility Patterns of Naive HIV Positive Patients from Machakos Level 5 Hospital
Get PDFThis study focused on Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase drug-resistance profiling and the susceptibility patterns for the plasma samples obtained from HIV-positive naïve patients enrolled at Machakos Level 5 Hospital. The research\u27s specific objectives were to profile resistance to Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor drugs and then identify the markers for resistance to Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor. This study used an experimental research design; DNA was extracted from the plasma samples, and PCR was amplified using polymerase-gene specific primers and later Gel electrophoresis. Then finally, cycle sequencing of the polymerase (pol) gen. The amplified products were sequenced, and drug-resistant mutations were determined using Los Alamos HIV DR database. All amplified samples from the PCR had the gel cut/excised and cleaned using the QIA quick gel extraction kit protocol. Sequences with high relatedness were fetched in a FASTA format and aligned using the Mega Evolutionary Genetic Analysis (MEGA) software version 10 using the Neighbor Joining (NJ) algorithm and the 1000 Bootstrap resampling algorithm. The main HIV strain detected in this study was the HIV A1 subtype, the major sub-subtype in Kenya. No other subtypes were noted in the study.
Regarding NRTIs, the major mutation noted was D67E which indicated inadequate level, zidovudine resistance, and drug susceptibility to abacavir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, and tenofovir noted with no resistance to NNRTIs. However, there were minor mutations noted. Drug resistance mutations were found in high numbers associated with viral load and treatment time. Importantly, patients with triple and dual-class drug resistance should immediately alter ART regimens to alter the possibility of transmitting multi-drug-resistant HIV-1 strains
Conventional HILL Algorithm: From Classical Cryptography to Modern Cryptography
Get PDFWith the development of modern computer tools using standard character encoding which assigns each graphic character a number, in particular the written characters of human language, HILL’s cipher, which, in its conventional version, uses the alphabet of 26 letters reaches its limits. It has also been demonstrated that the algorithm is fallible at a frequency analysis attack but also to a known plaintext attack.
For this purpose, in order to adapt the HILL’s cipher to modern communication systems and to strengthen its cryptographical security, we are proposing in this article an improvement of the algorithm. The study will mainly focused on an expansion of the alphabet and the secret key. Thus, the standard character-encoding (example of the ASCII code) will be used instead of a 26-letter alphabet and the secret key extended to three parameters with the additional use of two randomly chosen numbers from the set real numbers
Adopting an Empirical Perception from the Vector Error Correction Model Technique to Examine the Influence of Credit availability on Rice Productivity in Sierra Leone
Get PDFThrough the help of the vector error correction model technique, this research work explored the effect of credit availability on rice productivity in Sierra Leone in the period 1986–2021. Results from the analysis revealed that an increase in credit availability would cause an upsurge in rice productivity. Furthermore, this work showed that a sudden decrease in labor and investment would bring about a decrease in rice productivity whereas a sudden increase in inflation and money availability would lead to an increase in rice productivity in Sierra Leone. From the evidence on this findings, it is suggested that state owned financial institutions ought to provide a system that will afford loans that are free of interest rate to rice cultivators. Similarly, administrators ought to inspire rice cultivators through the provision of farm inputs such as land, high yield rice seed varieties and fertilizers to rice cultivator
Analysis of Factors Affecting Cocoa Production in Lareh Sago Halaban District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency,West Sumatera, Indonesia
Get PDFOne of the government\u27s efforts is to implement Gernas (national movement) for cocoa in 2013. However, the area of cocoa productive land is getting smaller in Indonesia, especially in Fifty Cities District. Based on the survey to the field that most of the farmers lack of maintenance of cocoa plants. Although the price of cocoa is currently quite stable. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that affect the production of cocoa plants and analyze the factors that influence the production of cocoa plants in the Lareh Sago Halaban District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. The research was carried out in June-September 2021 in Nagari Tanjung Gadang and Nagari Ampalu in Lareh Sago District, Halaban. The method used is a survey with a purposive sampling of 30 respondents. The data analysis used in this study was multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 24. The results showed that (1) the average cocoa production of farmers in Lareh Sago Halaban District was 127.96 kg (0.12 tons) per ha per hectare. years, (2) the factors that affect cocoa production are land area, frequency of pruning, and the amount of fertilizer have a positive and no significant effect. Meanwhile, the age of the plant and the number of workers had a significant and negative effect on cocoa production
Analysis of Food Expenditure, Nutrition Intake, and Consumption Patterns in DKI Jakarta Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Get PDFAs a result of the spread of Covid-19, Indonesia has adopted a policy, one of which is Large-Scale Social Restrictions (LSSR). The effect of the implementation of the LSSR, the economy in DKI Jakarta has decreased and the unemployment rate has increased drastically. The decline in the level of the economy can cause purchasing power of community to decline and a decrease in household consumption patterns can have an impact on poor nutritional intake. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in food expenditure patterns, consumption patterns and nutrition intake in DKI Jakarta province before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research design used a descriptive study, using Susenas data for 2019, 2020 and 2021 from DKI Jakarta Province. The number of subjects analyzed was 4.443 households with a total sampling. The results of the study show that food expenditure in 2020 has increased compared to before the Covid-19 pandemic in 2019, but in 2021 food expenditure has decreased. Non-food expenditure decreased in 2020, but increased in 2021. The level of energy and protein adequacy of some household groups has decreased and some has increased. The Desirable Dietary Pattern score decreased in 2019 reaching 83.4 and decreased every year from 2020 to 2021
Contributing Factors for Male Student’s Reproductive Health Practice in SMA Negeri 1 Kupang
Get PDFJuvenile child is more prone to reproductive health problems such as pregnancy and giving birth in early age, unsafe abortion, sexually transmitted disease such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus, sexual abuse and rape. The incidence of reproduction health problems in juvenile was determined by knowledge, role of their parents, religious background and role of the school. The aim of this study was to analyze the contributing factors for the student’s reproductive health practice in SMA Negeri 1 Kupang. This is an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. There were 99 samples in this study. This study was conducted in August 2020. The correlation between risk factors and the reproductive health practice was analyzed using the simple logistic regression. The result of this study showed that 52,5% had a poor reproduction health practice, there was a correlation with knowledge (p=0.000), role of their parents (p=0.000) and role of the school (p=0.048) with reproductive health, and there was no correlation between the attitude (p=0.611) and religious factors (p=0.384). Increase of Knowledge on the importance of maintaining a good reproduction health was needed so that these children may anticipate dangers of reproductive health by increasing the juvenile reproductive health information and counselling
Study of Gametogenesis Bamboo Coral Isis hippuris in Bone Tambung Island, Spermonde Archipelago, Makassar, South Sulawesi
Get PDFIsis hippuris is a species of coral abundant in Bone Tambung island, Spermonde islands, South Sulawesi. Isis hippuris is known as the bamboo coral, in Indonesia into the spotlight after their retrieval in large quantities while the reproduction has not researched Isis hippuris. Sampling was conducted from February to June 2014 at different stations. Based on observations of coral tissue preparations, Isis hippuris is a Gonokorik coral species that have only ovary or testis in one polyp. The results of observation showed oocytes discovered on February - June 2014. Based on the percentage of its appearance, oocytes are found at least in February, mainly oocytes Stage I. The oocyte diameters have different sizes each month. The average size of the smallest Stage I oocytes contained in May is 39.37 ?m while the biggest in May is 68.33 ?m. Testes formation begins while the earlier quarter and matures on the full moon or the end quarter early in March, the male gonads are found throughout months of observation, have different diameters. The average diameter of the testes is highest in April in Stage III 222.70 ?m range and the lowest for the observation in May at stage I ranges from 54.77 ?
Effect of Pulse Width Modulation Current Control on Shape Memory Alloy Actuators
Get PDFThis paper proposes the design, construction and performance of a single element based tactile display. The technology employed utilizes a 100?m diameter heat actuated wire of Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) shape-memory alloy (SMA) which contracts when pulsed with an electrical current (in effect heating the metal) under pre-stress. The display can produce a maximum pin deflection of 5mm which can be raised and lowered to approximate the desired output signal. In other words, SMA materials can directly convert thermal energy to mechanical work. This phenomenon, which provides a unique mechanism for actuation, is associated with the unique interaction between the martensite and austenite crystal structures of the SMA material. The paper discusses the design and evaluation leading to the dynamic performance of the system via step responses as well as the control of tactile sensor length and displacement using pulse width modulated current control technique