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Investigating the Validity of the Agricultural-Induced Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Hypothesis for Pakistan: Evidence from Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach with a Structural Break
Get PDFThe objective of this study is to check the feasibility of the agriculture-induced EKC hypothesis for Pakistan from 1971 to 2014 using findings from an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique with a structural break that includes real income and energy consumption in the model.The agriculture-induced EKC model was studied using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique, which has never been explored before in Pakistan.The direction of relationship between the research factors was explained with Toda-Yamamoto Granger Causality test. Real gross domestic product per capita and square of real gross domestic product per capita all have significant positive effects on carbondioxide emissions, while square of real gross domestic product per capita reduces carbondioxide emissions, according to the ARDL findings. The results of the Toda-Yamamoto causality test reveal a long-run unidirectional causation exists between real gross domestic product per capita, square of real gross domestic product per capita and long-run carbondioxide emissions. The long-run unidirectional causal relationship between agricultural value added, square of real gross domestic product per capita and real gross domestic product per capita and bidrectional long-run causal link between energy consumption and real gross domestic product per capita.
The presence of the agriculture-induced EKC hypothesis in Pakistan in the short and long run was substantiated by the bidirectional and unidirectional causal links between the two variables and real gross domestic product per capita. As a result, special strategies to increase Agricultural sector quality in Pakistan are proposed to reduce unsustainable agricultural practices in preparation for a worldview transition from primitive technology to modern sustainable agrarian technologies.This work is unique in the EKC literature in Pakistan since no other study on agriculture-induced EKC in Pakistan and other EKC studies have failed to account for structural fractures, as this study has done. This study also contains a causality analysis to look into the direction of the link, which is something that the few EKC studies in Pakistan haven\u27t investigated into
Factors Influencing Uptake of Bench Terraces in Kabale District
Get PDFThe study was conducted to identify the factors influencing the uptake of bench terraces in Kabale district specifically, Rubaya Sub County. The study estimated the yields of Irish potatoes and beans among farmers with and without bench terraces, compared the net returns from Irish potatoes and beans among the farmers with and without bench terraces, identified the perception of the farmers on the uptake of bench terraces, and explored the strategies for increasing the uptake of bench terracing in Kabale district.
The study adopted a descriptive research design to collect and analyse both quantitative and qualitative data. A sample size of 134 study units was selected from a target population of 200 study units using purposive and simple random sampling. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews while data analysis was descriptive, inferential and thematic for qualitative data.
The findings reveal that farms with bench terraces had better crop yields than the farms without bench terraces (for both beans and Irish potatoes). Farmers’ net returns from bench terraces outstrip farmers’ net returns from farms that are not bench terraced (for both beans and Irish potatoes). Lack of money, awareness, and attitude are the most limiting factors to the uptake of bench terracing and the strategies for uptake were based on government support holistically for development to be realised.
The researcher concludes that bench terraces should be embraced and promoted for better crop yields since it was evidenced by the research findings. The practical implication on this indicated that bench terraces should be promoted by development practitioners as a means of having degraded land rejuvenated into productive and arable land for agriculture.
In recommendation, government should ensure that bench terracing is promoted by putting in place the budgetary allocations in the sector of Agriculture in order to promote growing of common crops like potatoes and beans, it should highly be recommended to spearhead bench terracing in order to increase on production and productivity which in the long run will as well increase on farmers income, the farmers perception on the bench terracing indicated that they were mainly affected by high investments’ and thus government should embrace supporting farmers to venture into terracing, it is highly recommended for the government to foster the policy of bench terracing in the aspect of ensuring sustainable land management technologies are taken on by the farmers
Motor Vehicle Tax Compliance During Covid-19 Pandemic: The Use of "E-Samsat" Online Application
Get PDFThis study aims to examine the factors that affect taxpayer compliance in paying motor vehicle taxes during the Covid-19 pandemic. A tax payment online application, namely E-Samsat significantly used by the citizen to reduce physical contact in Surabaya, Indonesia. This study is quantitative research. There are five hypotheses tested using multiple regression analysis, and there are 272 respondents used in this study. The attribution theory explains the role of internal and external factors that influence the taxpayer\u27s compliance. This study found that taxpayer\u27s awareness, digital skills, tax sanctions, and understanding of E-Samsat have significantly affected motor vehicle taxpayer\u27s compliance. Only taxation socialization has not significantly affected taxpayer\u27s compliance. The evidence shows that many taxpayers do not become aware of online seminars socialization on motor vehicle taxes organized by the local Government\u27s tax office
PD-L1 Expression and Immune Response in Squamous Cervical Lesion and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cervix
Get PDFAim : To explore the possibility of using anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in low-grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix. Material and methods: PD-L1 expression was analyzed by an immunohistochemical technique using an anti-PD-L1 antibody. Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were analyzed by comparing the area occupied by lymphocytes with the stromal area between tumors. Result: there was a statistical difference between PD-L1 expression and TILs (p < 0.001). PD-L1 expression appeared higher in cervical intraepithelial lesion than squamous cell carcinoma, but there was no statistical difference (p = 0.781). Conclusion: It is possible to use anti-PD-L1 in cervical intraepithelial squamous lesions and cervical squamous cell carcinoma
The Role of Nigella Sativa as Anti-Inflammation in Klebsiella Pneumonia Infection : A Review
Get PDFThe oil obtained from the seeds of Nigella sativa L. (N. sativa), also known as black cumin, is frequently used in the Mediterranean area for its anti-inflammatory. The essential oil of Nigella sativa (NSO) constituents include p-cymene, thymol, thymoquinone (TQ), dithymoquinone (DTQ) and thymohydroquinone (THQ). N. sativa and its main active constituent TQ have been attributed to numerous pharmacological activities. The present study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect of NSO in acute inflammation. Nigella sativa extract have an effect on very significant to degradation of colony amount of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Nigella sativa could be potential sources of antimicrobials with protective properties are attributed to reproducible radical scavenging activity as well as an interaction with numerous molecular targets involved in inflammation, including proinflammatory enzymes and cytokines. Furthermore, broad spectrum studies on specific cellular and molecular mechanisms of action as well as controlled clinical trials to prove its efficacy in humans are really needed to further assess the application of Nigella sativa
A Study of the Design Semantics Understanding & Design Process & Application in Design Practices
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to explore the approach of how to extract the user assessment keywords from well-known websites by carrying out grounded research and utilising typical design items as research samples. This article explores the use of narrative design in cultural and creative products using narrative design as its starting point. The application relevance of narrative design in cultural and creative products is discussed first, followed by the application principles and methods of narrative design in cultural and creative products. It is envisaged that the use of narrative design would make the provision of cultural and creative products easier and could elicit resonance between consumers and specific cultures, as well as research ideas and design methodologies for unique cultural and creative product theories
A Design Methodology for the Product Design Development Based on Design Coding & Design Semantics
Get PDFThe market uniformity of cultural and creative items is severe and disregards the rate of cultural diffusion and the reflection needs of users. In product design, the manner of narrative design can reflect emotions, feelings & psychology. The method is discussed in this paper. After that, it collects and organize the design components and content that people pay the most attention to, as well as the design content that generates the most criticism. This aim requires conducting an investigation into the level of comprehension that designers and the general public have of the function that design language performs in the design process. this study investigates and assesses the comprehensive design method. We assess and combine each component in this work by applying a number of methodologies and tools, performing a literature investigation and citing applicable sources, and creating preliminary conclusions and analysis. The output of this study is a set of design methodology or guidelines for the designer references
Effects of Pluviometric Variability on Rice (Oriza Sativa) Production in the Commune of Materi in Northeast Benin
Get PDFThis research analyzes the effects of rainfall variability on rice production in a context of predominantly rainfed agriculture in northwest Benin, specifically in Matéri.
A methodology based on documentary research and diagnostic surveys was used to collect information on the effects of rainfall variability. It enabled the collection of information on rice yields, rainfall data (1990-2020) and temperatures (1990-2020). The determination of extreme rainfall years and the frequency and magnitude of extreme rainfall years, and the analysis of the effects of rainfall variation. The analysis of the results was done using the EPIR (State/Pressure/Impacts/Response) model.
The analysis of the results indicates an overall decreasing trend in precipitation and an increase in temperature. Similarly, there was a slight decrease in rainfall in 1998 (yield: 1450 t vs. 1508.6 mm) despite a high rainfall. These results were confirmed by the perceptions of producers, who attested to them through the modification of the agricultural calendar (80%) due to the increase in agricultural land (46.26%), and vegetation fires (19.52%) attributable to, among other things, clearing and deforestation (11.34%). To cope with this situation, which threatens the livelihoods of households, producers have developed coping strategies such as extending the area (50%), adopting new crop varieties, changing crops and fighting against wildfires, etc
Development of 3d Animation Interactive Media to Improve Cognitive Learning Outcomes and Student Self-Efficacy
Get PDFBiology learners at SMAN 1 Rantau Pulung, SMAN 1 Sangatta Utara, and SMAN 1 Sangatta Selatan are very much liked by students, but there are student scores that have not reached the KKM standard, one of the difficult materials is microscopic. This is because students\u27 cognitive abilities and self-efficacy are different and the learning media used have largely not been developed less interactive and do not vary by teachers. Teachers need a variety of interesting learning media to be applied. The purpose of this study is to examine the design, validity, practicality, and effectiveness of 3D animation interactive media in improving cognitive learning outcomes and self-efficacy of class X students. The research was conducted at SMAN 1 Rantau Pulung, SMAN 1 Sangatta Utara, and SMAN 1 Sangatta Selatan. The results showed media design in the form of animated images, materials, sounds, and virtual laboratories. Media belongs to the valid category with media validity of 81.46%, Language 98.21%, and material 77.15%. Practicality results by Biology teachers were 96.67% and students 82.85%. Media belongs to the very practical category with a value of 89.76%. Students\u27 cognitive scores increased with an N-gain score of 0.57 and the results of the t-test there was a noticeable difference between the pre-test and the post-test. The level of self-efficacy of students increased by 32% after using 3D animation media Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that 3D animation interactive media on virus material in Biology learning is effectively used as a learning medium
Composition and Communities Distribution of Strombidae and Muricidae in Gili, Tanjung Luar Region
Get PDFGili Bembek and Gili Pasir Located in Tanjung Luar, East Lombok. These territory areas have been used for capture fisheries and aquaculture. Gili Pasir and Gili Bembek have a wealth of marine organisms, one of them are gastropods. Strombidae and Muricidae are Gastropod families that have high economic value, but not much has yet to be researched for use. Strombidae and Muricidae have an operculum called onica in their bodies, this part has potential as a fragrance and coloring agent. The purpose of this study was to determine the species composition, distribution, and similarity index of Strombidae and Muricidae in several Gilis in the Tanjung Luar region. This research was conducted in June 2020. The data were collected using the transect quadratic plot method which has 6 transects. The stasions of this research were determined using a purposive sampling method. The results found 10 species of Strombidae and 3 species of Muricidae. The calculation of community structure analysis shows that the number of Strombidae and Muricidae in Gili Pasir is higher than Gili Bembek, 11,733 ind/m2 and 10,133 ind/m2, respectively. The diversity index (H\u27) for Gili Pasir and Gili Bembek, respectively, is 1.744 and 1.282 which are in the medium category. The similarity index of the Strombidae and Muricidae species as indicated by the Similarity Index (ISS) reached 0.761 at both locations and the included categories because the number of the same species between the two stations was more than half of the total species found at station I. The results of the calculation of the Morista index were consecutive for Gili Pasir and Gili Bembek are 1.86 and 1.79 which indicate a clustered distribution