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The Role of Strategic Leadership in Organizational Development
Get PDFThe widely admissible phrase that everything rises and falls on leadership is true of every entity, but more attention today should be given to how strategic is that leadership. While leadership may be generic, drawing a distinction between ordinary leadership and strategic leadership may just prove to be the difference between high impact organizations and stagnant ones. Theories in contemporary literature regarding strategic leadership support the idea that strategic leadership has a significant impact on the decision-making process and thus facilitates the organization to implement effective strategies designed for optimum performance. The main purpose of this paper is to examine strategic leadership, with a focus on implementing strategy for organizational development. It builds upon the understanding of how strategic leadership becomes the process of transforming organizations into a successful firm through the high level and timely strategies. The study was conducted by means of a qualitative mode of inquiry using informant and in-depth interviews directed purposely to the lower and middle management levels of leadership as well as those closest to the leader in their organization. The study finds that strategic leaders contribute to organizational development through the input of capacity, dynamism, effectiveness, management abilities and problem solving. These are applied to the environment in which organization operates and constantly develops strategies for each situation. The study also confirms that strategic leaders are builders of organizations, and that strategic leadership is oriented towards assimilation of workable and timely tested strategies and are designed to overcome organizational limitations. Both leaders and firms will have to recognize and learn from the fundamentals of strategic leadership
Adsorption of Pesticides from Aqueous Solution using Kinkeliba (Combretum micranthum G.) Derived Activated Carbon
Get PDFThe utilization of kinkeliba (Combretum micranthum G.) leaves as precursor for producing activated carbon for adsorption of pesticides from aqueous solution was investigated in this study. The Combretum micranthum G. leave were carbonized at a temperature of 500 ºC for 1 h. After activation with H3PO4, the kinkeliba activated carbon (KAC) possessed bulk density of 78.6 g/dm3 and volatile component of 10%. The pH, percentage moisture and ash content of the KAC were 5.43 ± 0.36, 1.25 ± 0.04% and 5.01 ± 0.12% respectively. The adsorption of pesticides onto the prepared KAC adsorbent was optimized in terms of operating parameters (adsorbent dose, pH, contact time and initial adsorbate concentration). The results showed greater removal efficiency for the pesticides at pH 3 in 30 min. The results from isotherms studies showed that adsorption of pesticides onto KAC was best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.99), indicating monolayer adsorption. However, Freundlich isotherm model provided the best fit for the uptake of pendimethalin onto the KAC with qe of 118.13 mg/g and R2 of 0.935 suggesting multilayer adsorption.The present work showed that the kinkeliba activated carbon can be used as a potential low-cost adsorbent for the removal of pesticides from aqueous solutions
Funktastic Plastic: Factors that Influence the Purchase of Funko Pops Among Malaysian Toy Collectors
Get PDFToys that we as adults are normally accustomed to such as action figures, robots and dolls are always usually associated as a kid’s toys. However, recent studies show that it is not unheard of for adults also known as ‘kidults’ whom buys toys specifically for themselves. This, importantly is a stress reliever for many working ‘kidults’ that is mostly represented by the millennials generation and the act of collecting toys shows their intimate passion with pop culture while reminiscing nostalgic childhood experience. As a result, toy sales have increased exponentially that bring about billions of dollars creating a great impact on an economy most definitely thanks to parents buying toys for themselves as well as their children. The article will highlight the recent rise of a toy collectibles which has become very popular among Malaysian toy collectors, called the Funko Pop. The Funko Pops popularity has garnered many local collectors purchasing them as it shows their eager support for their favourite pop culture franchise. It is also a great substitute for the ever rising extreme costs of premium collectibles due to the drop and unstableness of the Malaysian Ringgit. The purpose of the study was to find what are the main factors contributing to the popularity of Funko Pops among local collectors using factor analysis and also to tests hypothesis regarding design and nostalgia. These findings will help understand the purchase intentions among the local toy collectors especially when buying collectibles such as Funko Pops. Local toy creators can also further understand what factors should be focused on as importance when developing their own toys which in the future can have a financial impact on the Malaysian economy through sales of locally made toys like many developed countries such as the United States where Funko Pops were born
Microbial Quality of Restaurants Foods in Suburban Area and Antibiotic Resistance
Get PDFDespite the fact that ready-to-eat foods have gained popularity across the globe. Food safety is frequently overlooked as a major problem in this case. Antibiotic resistance is a long-standing concern regarding microbial diseases. This research was intended to explore the quality of the ready-to-eat foods available in the suburban and rural areas of Bangladesh. In addition, their association with the development of multi-drug resistance was explored. For this purpose, 12 food samples were randomly selected from the restaurants in a suburban area near Dhaka city. Then, the existence of bacteria and their antibiotic resistance capacity were examined through systematic biochemical and microbial experiments. Results showed that the presence of Staphylococcus epidermitis in milk was higher and the level of growth was undesirable according to FDA guidelines. The presence of Klebsiella in fried rice was also impermissible. Apparently, both Cephradine and Ampicillin revealed that they were not capable of inhibiting microbial growth because of their resistance. From the sensitivity test report, it is clear that people in rural areas are also under the threat of food-borne diseases and the development of antibiotic resistance because of the consumption of these kinds of contaminated ready-to-eat foods
Experimental Investigation of Permeability Alteration Due to Drying of Porous Media
Get PDFThe permeability of reservoir rocks can be significantly altered by the precipitation of brines caused by drying. In this study, alteration of permeability in porous media induced by drying of brines was investigated experimentally. Four different rock types were used; rock samples were initially analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and conventional core analysis (CCAL), including gas permeability and Helium porosity. The reservoir rock samples (2 each of carbonate and sandstone) were tested to determine the impact of rock type and initial permeability on possible injectivity impairment. Each of the rock samples was completely saturated in brine of NaCl, KCl and Caspian seawater (SW), with salt concentrations ranging between 10 and 200 g/L. The samples were then fully dried in an oven at a controlled, constant temperature of 70oC. The final gas permeability of each sample was measured after drying and compared with its initial value to determine the fractional permeability alteration. At the microscopic, pore-scale level, the extent of hindrance to flow from salt precipitation caused by drying of brines was investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the evaporation of aqueous brine occurs near the surface, and is controlled by convection current, evidenced by a Peclet number >>1
Histopathological Findings in Placentas from Pregnancies Complicated with Preeclampsia
Get PDFPathological appearance in preeclampsia placenta giving us information on how the pathophysiology of placental insufficiency as a key role of this syndrome. This study aims to describe the placenta’s histopathological features using hematoxylin and eosin staining procedure from block paraffin on placental tissue. An observational study of 51 placentas samples were collected from preeclampsia patients and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results were adjusted for patient’s age at delivery, parity state, gestational age at delivery, and hypertension history before pregnancy. Out of 51 preeclampsia patients that mostly in age of 20-35 years old (64,7%), 34 of them (66,4%) are multiparity, 41 of them with gestational age at delivery in 37-42 weeks, 35 patients (68.6%) without prior history of having hypertension before pregnant and 16 patients (31,4%) with previously hypertension history before pregnant. Villous necrosis, increasing of syncytial knots, and thrombosis of spiralis artery were found in all of the 51 placental samples (100%) while calcification was found in 46 samples (90,2%). Placenta from patients with preeclampsia showed characteristic morphological features of fibrinoid necrosis of the villous, increased syncytial knots, calcification of the villous, and thrombosis of spiralis artery
A Systematic Reviews of Repurchase Intention in Live Streaming E-Commerce in China and Proposed Strategies
Get PDFIn China, many electronic business platforms are currently thriving. In recent years, one type of e-commerce has risen rapidly: live streaming e-commerce. In the context of live streaming e-commerce, a better understanding of customer attitudes and intentions is required. This study will look into the factors that influence repurchase intent in live streaming e-commerce in China. This study discusses the systematic review of live streaming ecommerce, the existing challenges, The PRISMA guidelines were used to report the findings of systematic reviews. There are a total of 301 articles identified. After searching, metadata is saved in bibtex for analysis. Out of the 132 articles screened, a total of 54 manuscripts were rejected for not meeting the requirement of English academic writing, peer-reviewed, or journal article requirements. Screening selected 78 articles for eligibility. After filtering, there are a total of 15 articles relevant to this study that have been reviewed in detail. Finally, this paper proposed some strategies for managing live streaming e-commerce in a Chinese context
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Towards Pharmacovigilance Amongst Healthcare Providers at Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital in the Gambia
Get PDFBackground: According to the World Health Organization, pharmacovigilance is the research and practices involved in the identification, evaluation, comprehension, and mitigation of side effects or any other hazard relating to medications or immunizations. Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are a major public health concern in today`s world. As a result, ADR reporting in The Gambia must be taken seriously because drug-drug interactions, drug-disease interactions, or food-drug interactions can exacerbate ADRs that occur in the patient without the Healthcare providers\u27 knowledge. More importantly, this research should support the need for legislation to prevent ADRs. This research was aimed to assess healthcare professionals\u27 understanding, attitudes, and pharmacovigilance practices at The Gambia\u27s Edward Francis Smalls Teaching Hospital. Methods: Healthcare providers from the Edward Francis Smalls Teaching Hospital in The Gambia participated in an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study to understand the extent of their knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards PV. The independent variables in the study were the socio-demographic factors used to characterize healthcare providers from the EFSTH. The sample size was calculated using software Epi info version7.Inclusion criteria was certified or licensed health care provider but those who are not willing to participate will not be included in the study. The data analysis was performed using Epi info version7. 2, Microsoft excel, MAXQDA and SPSS version 20. All statistical tests conducted were considered significant at 95% confidence interval with a p-value less than 0.05. Results: The response rate based on this sample size was 51% (n=102).
A total of 102 participants were included in the final analysis, of which by profession the majority were Nurses 66 (64. 2%) and by gender most were female 58(56. 9%). Majority of the participants belong to the age of ranging from 20-37 years 89(87.5%).102(100%) of the respondents all agreed reporting ADR was necessary. Majority of the respondents 86(84.7%) had moderate knowledge score but however within the professions the pharmacist had a high score of 3(60%) amongst the participants. Most subjects 86(84.3%) had a positive level of attitude amongst the profession the nurses scored highest 57(86.4%). Most of the participants 81(79.4%) scored inadequate towards practices. By profession, Nurses had the most inadequate practices 55(53.9%), Doctors 22(21.6%), Pharmacist 3(2.9%) and physiotherapist 1(1%). In general, the practice towards pharmacovigilance was inadequate amongst most of the participants at the tertiary care Centre. The study found out a statistical significance between profession and Adverse Drug Reactions reporting training at p=0. 009. Conclusion: The study found out a statistical significance between profession and Adverse Drug Reactions reporting training at p=0. 009 which expose that most of the participants have not undergone training in area of pharmacovigilance and ADR Reporting alarming a need to include pharmacovigilance in undergraduate curriculum for healthcare providers. However, these findings are not surprising given the sample population in this study from low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) like The Gambia is much more deprived of adequate education about Adverse Drug Reactions and pharmacovigilance activities compared to the general population in the developed nations. Therefore, there is a need for a national KAP study regarding the use of National Pharmacovigilance guidelines to be conducted in order to identify the key factors spurring low Adverse Drug reaction reporting rates within The Gambia
Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes in Hospitals in the City of Lubumbashi in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Case of the Jason Sendwe General Reference Hospital in 2015 to 2019
Get PDFGestational diabetes is defined as a carbohydrate tolerance disorder leading to hyperglycaemia of varying severity, occurring or first diagnosed during pregnancy, regardless of the treatment required and the course of the postpartum period. Its prevalence has been estimated at between 2.2% and 8.8% of pregnancies, depending on the populations studied and the screening criteria used. We determined the prevalence of gestational diabetes at the Jason Sendwe General Referral Hospital. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2015 to December 2019 at Sendwe Hospital. It concerned 48 pregnant women from 24 weeks of pregnancy. The diagnosis of gestational diabetes was made by blood glucose obtained with the O\u27Sullivan test or by fasting blood glucose. The prevalence of gestational diabetes was 2.15%. Modifiable and non-modifiable factors associated with gestational diabetes in this study are age ? 35 years, parity, history of macrosomia, and history of type 2 diabetes in the surrogates of the pregnancies. The prevalence rate remains high and shows that gestational diabetes is a public health problem in the city of Lubumbashi. The O\u27Sullivan test is a valid alternative for its good detection. We found that age, especially after 35 years is the major determinant of gestational diabetes in the population living in Lubumbashi
Impact of Indiscriminate Solid Waste Disposal on Human Health in Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe generation and disposal of solid waste is an intrinsic part of any developing society. Generation of waste in large volume does not constitute a problem but inability to dispose them off on time and properly by individuals and governments. This study examine the impact of indiscriminate solid waste disposal on human health in Akungba-Akoko. Information on impact of indiscriminate solid waste disposal was obtained using a total of 250 copies of questionnaire administered to residents using random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics were used to present and analyse the data while chi-square was used to test the hypothesis. The study revealed that there are various methods used in disposing solid waste such as open dumpsite, in drains and streets, into streams and river channels, nearby bush, burning and excavation by waste management. The study also revealed that there are various health issues resulting from improper disposal and poor management of solid waste in Akungba-Akoko such as infectious diseases among people, air-borne diseases, breeding place for disease vectors and contamination of food and water. This paper recommends that as means of improving solid waste management, environmental education and public participation in environmental sanitation exercise should be encourage and waste management agencies should established more waste disposal points so as to overcome the problem of waste disposal points to resident’s home