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Transfer of Heat of a Jeffrey Fluid over a Linearly Stretching Sheet with Chemical Reaction: Numerical Study
Get PDFThis paper numerically explores the effect of heat transfer on Jeffrey fluid flow over a horizontal stretching sheet in the absence of magnetic field and under chemical reaction. The governing coupled nonlinear momentum, thermal, concentration boundary layer equations are rendered into a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations through similarity transformation with suitable boundary conditions. The obtained fourth order and second order differential equations are reduced to first order ordinary differential equations using shooting method then it is numerically solved using bvp4c in MATLAB. This present investigation is of great interest relevant to colling of metallic plates, polishing of artificial heart valves and separation processes in chemical industries
A Systematic Review of Deep Learning Methods: Classification, Selection, and Scientific Understanding
Get PDFThis study, A Systematic Review of Deep Learning Methods: Classification, Selection, and Scientific Understanding, categorizes central deep learning (DL) models—including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), and Autoencoders (AEs)—based on their suitability for specific tasks and data types. While DL has achieved significant success in image recognition, language processing, and anomaly detection, several critical limitations pertain to interpretability, robustness, and scalability. This review summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of each model in a structured manner to guide the choice among DL models. Findings emphasize that theory must be advanced to improve transparency and reliability to better support practitioners and researchers in making informed choices for DL\u27s responsible deployment across sectors
Influence of Classroom Management Practices on Academic Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Siaya County, Kenya
Get PDFPoor academic performance is a serious concern for education sector in Kenya and in many countries around the world. According to UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2017), 617 million children and adolescents are not achieving minimum proficiency levels in reading and mathematics globally. Siaya County, like most counties in Kenya, has persistent below average academic performance as indicated by county KCSE mean scores 4.123, 4.575 and 4.915 out of 12 points for the years 2020 to 2022. This situation brings to question effectiveness of classroom management given that classroom is the primary context for implementing educational programs. Research has identified evidence-based specific practices that define basic components of classroom management. However, few studies have examined influence of each of the basic components of classroom management as a package of evidence-based practices on academic performance. The purpose of this study was to examine influence of classroom management practices on academic performance in public secondary schools in Siaya County. Specific objectives were to examine: influence of maximizing structure on academic performance, influence of establishing expectations for behavior on academic performance, influence of actively engaging students on academic performance, and influence of using a continuum of strategies for responding to behavior on academic performance in public secondary schools in Siaya County.
Conceptual framework based on the concept of Simonsen and his colleagues (2008) that classroom management founded on evidence-based practices is a critical input for successful teaching and learning was adopted. Descriptive survey and correlational designs were used. Study population comprised 465 English teachers, 635 mathematics teachers, 580 chemistry teachers and 247 deputy principals in 243 public secondary schools in Siaya County. Sample size of 112 schools was decided using published table of sample size by Glenn Israel (1962). By stratified random sampling based on school categories, a sample of 112 schools consisting of 1 national school, 5 extra-county schools, 11 county schools and 95 sub-county schools was obtained. By purposive and simple random sampling techniques one teacher each of the three subjects; English, mathematics and chemistry was selected in each school, giving 112 teachers for each subject and a total of 336 classroom teachers. 112 deputy principals in the selected schools were included in the sample by purposive sampling, giving total sample of 448 as respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires and document analysis. Content validity of questionnaires was tested by the researcher’s expert supervisors using Lawshe’s content validity ratio. CVR of +1 ascertained validity. Pilot study was conducted in 11 schools outside the sample to determine reliability of the instrument. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.74 was obtained. Data was analyzed using frequency distribution tables, percentages, means, Pearson’s “r” coefficient of correlation and regression analysis. The study found that evidence-based specific classroom management practices under maximizing structure, establishing expectations for behavior, actively engaging students; and using a continuum of strategies for acknowledging appropriate behavior and responding to inappropriate behavior were implemented in public secondary schools in Siaya County. Implementation was moderate and varied among the public secondary schools and across the five basic components of classroom management. The study revealed weak, negative and insignificant influence of maximizing structure on academic performance [r (93) = - 0.004, p = 0.969]; weak, negative and insignificant influence of responding to students’ inappropriate behaviour on academic performance [r (93) = - .025, p = 0. 816]; weak, positive and insignificant influence of establishing expectations for behavior on academic performance [r (93) = 0.146, p = 0.163]; and weak, positive and insignificant influence of acknowledging students’ appropriate behaviours on academic performance [r (93) = 0.178, p = 0. 087]. Actively engaging students had moderate, positive and significant influence on academic performance [r (93) = .314, p = 0.002) and accounted for 8.9% of variation in academic performance (Adjusted R square =. 089). It was a significant predictor of academic performance F (1, 91) = 9.949, p < .05). For every one unit increase in implementation of practices for actively engaging students there was a 1.259 increase in academic performance. The findings are significant to policy makers and school administrators in planning physical learning environment and to classroom teachers in deciding appropriate application of classroom management practices in enhancement of academic performance in Siaya County
The Relationship between the Development and Application Skills of Multiple-Choice Test of Teachers and Demonstrated Achievement in this Regard
Get PDFThis study sought to develop a Likert type scale which is valid and reliable in order to investigate the development and application skills of multiple-choice tests of teachers. The research was carried out with 386 teachers, selected randomly from primary schools and high schools in Eskisehir, Turkey in the 2010-2011 academic year. The data were collected by using a questionnaire consisting of two sections, developed by the researchers to determine the development and application skills of multiple-choice tests of teachers. The first part is related to demographic and personal information. The second part includes 72 expressions related to development and application skills of multiple-choice tests on a 5-point Likert-type scale. Data were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis and multi-factor confirmatory factor analysis by using the statistical package SPSS and LISREL. The findings of the study revealed that the scale was valid and reliable
Workplace Spirituality and Innovation Readiness among Academic Staff in International Schools: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFThis study examines the growth of international schools in China amid the country\u27s socio-economic changes and global integration. It highlights how China\u27s economic growth has led to a demand for high-quality, diverse education, met by international schools offering curricula like the International Baccalaureate (IB) and Cambridge International Examinations (CIE). A key challenge for these schools is integrating global educational standards with China\u27s unique cultural and societal context, requiring skilled academic staff. The research emphasizes the importance of workplace spirituality and staff readiness in fostering innovation within these schools, especially in Shaanxi Province. By applying theories such as Self-Determination Theory (SDT), Transformational Leadership Theory, and Social Exchange Theory (SET), the study provides insights into the successful operation and development of innovative international schools in China. It underscores the role of academic staff, workplace spirituality, and leadership in creating educational environments that are academically excellent, culturally integrative, and globally oriented, aiming to inform policymakers and educators about the factors driving the success of international schools in preparing globally minded, culturally aware students
Making Supervision Effective: Collaboration of the Ghana Education Service and the Cape Coast Metropolitan Basic Schools Heads Association
Get PDFThe study investigated Making Supervision Effective: Collaboration of the Ghana Education and Cape Coast Metropolitan Basic Schools Heads Association. The questions addressed issues on supervisory practices of headteachers, perceptions of respondents about the instructional leadership role of the headteacher and factors hindering effective supervision in public basic schools. The descriptive survey design was employed combining qualitative and quantitative data sources. The sample for the study was made up of 60 respondents including teachers, headteachers and SISOs. Questionnaire and interview schedule were utilized in the data collection. The data were analysed in frequency counts and percentage. Data were presented in tables and verbatim quotation of respondents. The conclusions drawn from the findings indicated that instructional supervision experienced problems such as low motivation of school heads by the government, negative attitude of teachers towards supervision as well as poor communication between teachers and the school heads. These challenges mentioned above, had an adverse impact on the supervision of instructions in schools. This study has identified that instructional supervision in basic schools is not conducted properly. In this study, teachers indicated that instructional supervision was a fault- finding mission and punitive in nature. This resulted in teachers having negative attitudes towards instructional supervision. However, a greater proportion of respondents acknowledged that instructional supervision is a good initiative that could improve performance by schools if conducted properly
Investigating Career Decision Self-Efficacy, Internship Efficacy, and Career Readiness among Undergraduate Students: A Review
Get PDFThe transition from academic life to the professional world is a pivotal phase for undergraduates. During this phase, they develop career decision self-efficacy, internship efficacy, and career readiness, which are important milestones indicating their preparedness for the transition. This study examines the interplay between these elements and their impact on students\u27 academic and professional journeys, drawing on Bandura\u27s work on self-efficacy. The research is conducted through a systematic review of existing literature, exploring the influences of career decision self-efficacy, internship experiences, and career readiness on undergraduate students. The study identifies methodological challenges and issues related to the interpretation of statistical data, proposing solutions to overcome them. It examines the role of in-school programs, perceptions of discrimination, personality traits, environmental and personal factors, and the effectiveness of internships in enhancing career readiness, highlighting the multifaceted nature of preparing students for their professional futures. The study also discusses the implications of these findings for educational strategies and career guidance practices, enriching pedagogical practices, and providing insights into improving undergraduates\u27 academic and professional development, facilitating a smoother transition from academia to the professional world
The Impact of Corruption on the Socio- Economic Development of Sierra Leone, a Case Study Bo City
Get PDFThis work was carried out to examine the impacts of corruption on the Socio-economic Development of Sierra Leone, a case study Bo city. The findings revealed that corruption increases inequality, decreases popular accountability and political representativeness, and thus produces rising frustration and hardship among citizens .In addition to the rise of an underground economy and the high social costs associated with corruption, its adverse consequences on income distribution, corruption investment, the government budget and on economic reforms are highlighted in this paper. This study employs a cross sectional design with diverse methods of research approach containing questionnaire. A stratified sampling technique was used in the selection of the respondents. Eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to eighty respondents in the study community.A Purposive randomized sampling technique was used to select respondents in Bo District, Bo community due to the fact that, they have requisite information about the issues involved in the study. The data generated were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and results were presented in tables, frequency, graphs and charts. The major findings discovered as effects of corruption were: public sector dysfunctionality affects socio-economic development in Bo city, failure in infrastructure and community development and frustration and cynicism. A high number of respondents, according to the study revealed that, officials in Bo city faced so many challenges. Some of the challenges highlighted by the respondents were: funding or financial issues, poor leadership, corruption and administrative inefficiency and lack equipment to accomplish projects.The study further revealed that, majority of the respondents were dissatisfied on how the national stakeholders, detective agencies and state institutions handle reported cases of corruption in Sierra Leone, for which several recommendations were given, key among which included the need for Government to review of policies to improve the working condition of public officials in the community. Government and other partners in development should provide adequate resources and equal opportunities in the country. The administrative heads should fight corruption in government administration. Laws must be made more stringent so that corrupt administrators or perpetrators do not get away easily.This study will serve as an instrumental tool capable of enhancing the knowledge and understanding of Sierra Leoneans on the effects of corruption on the Socio-economic Development of Sierra Leone. Such information will be vital in creating the possibility for people to deviate from the act of corruption
The Relationship between Nutritional Intake, Physical Activity and Stress Level with Nutritional Status of Clinical Students of the Faculty of Medicine, Cenderawasih University
Get PDFData from the WHO shows that around 49% of people in the world are overweight or obese. In 2018 in Indonesia, the prevalence of obesity for adults was 24.4%, and the prevalence of weight was more than 14.9%. This study examines the relationship between nutritional intake, physical activity, and stress levels with the nutritional status of Kinik students of the Faculty of Medicine, Cenderawasih University at the Jayapura Regional General Hospital. This study uses a quantitative design with a cross-sectional study approach. The population is 164 students of the Faculty of Medicine, Cenderawasih University who are undergoing clinical clerkship. The sample was 80 people who were taken by the Purposive Sampling Technique. The data were analyzed by the Chi-Square Test, the Prevalence Ratio Test, and the Logistic Regression Test. The results showed that the relationship between nutritional intake and the nutritional status of students was significant (p-value = 0.040, RP = 1.195, CI 95% (1.122-3.301). Physical activity was not substantial to the nutritional status of students (p-value = 0.239, RP=1.55 CI 95% (0.82-2.950). The stress level was not significant with the nutritional status of students (p=0.386, RP= 1.445, CI 95% (0.802 – 2.639). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the dominant factor related to the nutritional status of students was the nutritional intake variable with p value=0.024 OR=0.322 CI 95% (0.121-0.860)
A Phenomenological Exploration of the Lived Experiences of Nursing Professionals Who Treat Pregnant Women Addicted to Opiates
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to gather qualitative data on the lived experiences of those nursing health care professionals who care for and treat pregnant women addicted to opioids to help inform the unique needs of those health care providers under the scope of the Stress-Coping Theoretical Model. The lived experiences of nurses who treat pregnant women addicted to opioids were captured and thematically analyzed to help better understand their unique stressors and methods of coping specifically to phenomena such as burnout, compassion fatigue, and moral distress often involved in providing care and treatment for pregnant women who are addicted to opioids. As a result of the findings of this study, the Adaptive Remediation Model was born. Thus, to remediate the difficult lived experiences that nurses treating pregnant women addicted to opioids face, an increase in professional training and team building efforts is recommended. To remediate the unique stressors that nurses treating pregnant women addicted to opioids face, adjustments to nursing academic preparedness is recommended through mentorship and transparency. Lastly, to remediate the negative coping-methods utilized by nurses who treat pregnant women addicted to opioids, healthy self-care measures are recommended.