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WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION EXERCISE IS WELL TOLERATED IN PATIENTS WITH DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Get PDFBackground: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by a defective gene located on the X-chromosome,
responsible for the production of the dystrophin protein. Complications in the musculoskeletal system have been
previously described in DMD patients. Whole body vibration exercise (WBVE) is a treatment that improves
musculoskeletal function in movement disorders. The aim of this study was to review the effects of WBVE on
functional mobility, bone and muscle in DMD patients.
Materials and Methods: Four databases were searched. Three eligible studies were found; all three conclude the
management of DMD patients with WBV was clinically well tolerated. The studies used a side-alternating WBV
system, frequencies 7 - 24 Hz; and amplitudes 2 - 4 mm.
Results: A work indicates that a temporary increase in creatine kinase in DMD during the first days of WBV was
observed, but other authors did not find changes. No significant changes in bone mass, muscle strength or bone
markers. Some patients reported subjective functional improvement during training. Interpretation:
Conclusion: It is concluded that WBV seems to be a feasible and well tolerated exercise modality in DMD patients
ANTI-VIRAL EFFECTS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DENGUE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Get PDFBackground: Dengue is considered as an important arboviral disease. Safe, low-cost, and effective drugs that possess
inhibitory activity against dengue virus (DENV) are mostly needed to try to combat the dengue infection worldwide.
Medicinal plants have been considered as an important alternative to manage several diseases, such as dengue. As
authors have demonstrated the antiviral effect of medicinal plants against DENV, the aim of this study was to review
systematically the published research concerning the use of medicinal plants in the management of dengue using the
PubMed database.
Materials and Methods: Search and selection of publications were made using the PubMed database following the
guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA statement).
Results: Six publications met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final selection after thorough analysis.
Conclusion: It is suggested that medicinal plants’ products could be used as potential anti-DENV agents
HERB-RESISTANT UPEC STRAINS HAVE DIFFERENT BIOFILM FORMATION ABILITIES AND DIFFERENT EXPRESSION OF CERTAIN BIOFILM RELATED GENES
Get PDFBackground: The mechanisms and patterns of drug resistances of E. coli strains that cause uncomplicated urinary tract
infections (UTIs) vary considerably. The emerging herbresistance
of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) has been a
serious health problem, yet with unknown underlying mechanisms.
Methods: To explore the potential herb-resistance mechanisms of E. coli strains that cause uncomplicated UTIs, three
clinically isolated herb-resistant UPEC strains (1351, 4996, 5028) were analyzed for their abilities to form biofilms and the
expressions of the pga ABCD and luxS genes.
Results: We found that the expression of pgaA and pgaB are very different between 1351 and 5028, and the loss-offunction
of luxS in 4996 has impact on biofilm formation.
Conclusions: 1. Herb-resistance of the strains is related to their abilities of biofilm formation. 2. Biofilm formation
capabilities of herb-resistant strains show different responses to the presence of glucose. 3. luxS encoded AI-2 is not
essential for biofilm formation in this strain but may help with more biofilm formation
TRACE ELEMENTS MAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR MEDICINAL EFFECTS OF SAUSSUREA LANICEPS, SAUSSUREA INVOLUCRATE, LYCIUM BARBARUM AND LYCIUM RUTHENICUM
Get PDFBackground: The pharmacodynamics of Saussurea laniceps, Saussurea involucrata, Lycium barbarum and Lycium
ruthenicum have been researched, and trace elements have been considered as the essential elements, but little attention
has been paid to the trace elements of the herbal medicine. We would like to report on the content of copper (Cu),
manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) levels in the four herbal medicines.
Materials and Methods: A total of 20 whole plant materials were collected of each species in China. The content of
Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn in the dried aerial parts was estimated by the standard atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The
level of Se was detected using hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry.
Results: The mean concentrations of Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn and Se in S. laniceps were 7.758±0.924μg/g, 201.3±16.24μg/g,
222.7±35.10μg/g, 18.48±2.913μg/g and 1.42±0.16μg/g, respectively; S. involucrata were 19.56±2.20μg/g,
88.75±8.53μg/g, 812.7±126.9μg/g, 34.85±3.81μg/g and 1.04±0.05μg/g, respectively; L. barbarum were
10.83±0.26μg/g, 9.598±0.32μg/g, 55.65±3.83μg/g, 11.92±0.27μg/g and 11.84±0.59μg/kg, respectively; L. ruthenicum
were 12.67±0.39μg/g, 13.78±1.13μg/g, 98.04±5.03μg/g, 14.46±1.27μg/g and 35.12±2.34μg/kg, respectively.
Conclusion: This study provided the trace elements content of Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn and Se in the four herbal medicines. The
trace elements are maybe other functional compounds for medicinal effects. Deep relationship between
pharmacological and trace elements contents, especially its mechanism of action should be future research
ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE POTENTIALS OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA SEEDS AGAINST FERRIC CHLORIDE-INDUCED LIPID PEROXIDATION IN CHICKEN LIVER HOMOGENATE
Get PDFBackground: Iron accumulation in the liver is customary in pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress. Iron is also an essential element for organisms at its physiological levels. This study was aimed at investigating the antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of acetone and methanol defatted seed extracts of Bauhinia variegata Linn (Leguminosae) against ferric chloride (FeCl3)-induced lipid peroxidation in chicken liver in vitro.
Materials and Methods: Antioxidant capacity and hepatoprotective potential of acetone and methanol defatted seed extracts of B. variegata were evaluated using the established in vitro models, FeCl3-induced lipid peroxidation in chicken liver homogenate and thin layer chromatography-2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (TLC-DPPH). Ascorbic acid, and acetone and methanol seed extracts of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) were used as antioxidant and hepatoprotective controls.
Results: An overall of 80% acetone and absolute methanol defatted seed extracts of B. variegata [B. variegata acetone extract (BVAc) and B. variegata methanol extract (BVMe)] revealed to possess antioxidant and free radical scavenging capacity, which can protect the liver from FeCl3-induced lipid peroxidation in a concentration-dependent manner when compared with controls, ascorbic acid and extracts of milk thistle. At concentrations of 250 µg/mL and 300 µg/mL, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) inhibitions were 80.5% and 97.6% for BVAc; and 84% and 98.7% for milk thistle acetone extract (MSAc). At concentration of 300 µg/mL, BVMe and milk thistle methanol extract (MSMe) TBARS inhibitions were 89.0% and 93.8%, respectively. These findings may confirm the presence of antioxidant compounds with hepatoprotective potential in both defatted seed extracts of B. variegata.
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest acetone and methanol extracts of B. variegata defatted seeds may serve as good sources of natural antioxidant and hepatoprotective agents
CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN AGAINST DIABETES AND NICOTINE-COMBINED OXIDATIVE STRESS
Get PDFBackground: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) develop through oxidative stress-induced myocardial cell apoptosis that cause cardiac tissue damage resulting in hemodynamics disturbance while Cigarette Smoking (CS) is associated with a significant increase in the risk of recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmia in ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy patients caused by oxidative stress. Curcuma longa extract (curcumin) is known to protect against hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress. This brought in mind to investigate the probability of the crcumin ability to ameliorate the combined diabetes and smoking induced oxidative stress caused DCM
Materials and Methods: Diabetic rats were administered nicotine to investigate the effect of the combined oxidative stress of diabetes and nicotine. Moreover, curcumin was administered to examine its protective effect on possible oxidative stress induced diabetes and nicotine.
Results: Nicotine administration in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg to diabetic rats increased the oxidative stress. This occurs through elevation of plasma nitric oxide (NO) and upregulation of cardiac tissue inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Endothelin-1 mRNA expressions, in addition to elevation of plasma triglycerides (TG), and LDL and reduction of HDL levels. Nicotine administration also reduced the cardiac tissue protective mechanism through reduction of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), cardiac tissue Erythropoietin (EPO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms and VEGF receptor mRNA expressions. These combined oxidative stresses were manifested by elevation of the plasma cardiac markers troponin I and creatine kinase (CK-MB). Supplementation of curcumin prevented the diabetic and nicotine-induced oxidative stress through reduction of plasma NO and iNOS and Endothelin-1 mRNA expressions to their control levels and elevation of plasma SOD and upregulation of cardiac tissue Erythropoietin (EPO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms and VEGF receptor mRNA expressions. This curcumin protective effect of the cardiac tissue was manifested by normalization of the plasma cardiac marker troponin I and CK-MB.
Conclusion: These results strongly confirmed that curcumin protected cardiac tissues from the combined oxidative stress induced by diabetes and nicotine
EFFECT OF THEVETIA PERUVIANA ON MURINE-INDUCED OBESITY
Get PDFBackground: Obesity is considered a multifactorial disease that has importantly increased the development of chronic degenerative diseases. Drugs available for treating obesity have the inconvenience of producing side effects of importance. In Mexican traditional medicine, the seeds of Thevetia peruviana have been widely employed for weight reduction.
Materials and Methods: The effect produced by different extracts of T. peruviana on MonoSodium Glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity in mice was evaluated. A chemical analysis oriented toward the identification of the chemical compounds contained in the active extract was carried out.
Results: Oral administration of the hexanic extract of T. peruviana (for 7 weeks) was capable of diminishing weight gain by up to 24.1% in the mice without observing the development of resistance to insulin. Median lethal dose of the hexanic and Ethyl Acetate (EtOAc) extracts was >2 g/kg. By utilizing bio-assay guided fractionation, eight secondary metabolites were purified and characterized.
Conclusion: The hexanic extract obtained from Thevetia peruviana seeds was capable of reducing weight gain in mice with induced obesity. In addition, this extract showed good response to the glucose tolerance test, was able to avoid the development of insulin resistance, and also substantially increased serum adiponectin levels. Eight low-polarity compounds were identified in the active fraction. This species could be considered for ongoing investigation as a potential option to reduce obesit
METABOLIC CHANGES INDUCED BY BUSHENHUOXUE GRANULES ON STRIATUM AND SUBSTANTIA NIGRA IN A RAT MODEL OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Get PDFBackground: Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease, while its mechanism is still unclear. Long-term levodopa-based treatment leads to decreased response or loss of response, as well as severe side effects. Our previous study has proved that Bushenhuoxue Granules have effects on Parkinson’s disease, but the underlying mechanism is still need to be explored. Our research is to investigate the mechanisms of Bushenhuoxue Granules on Parkinson’s disease (PD) by examining changes in the expression of the adenosine A2A receptor、vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2)、divalent metal transporter 1(DMT1) and nuclear factor E2 related (Nrf2) in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) .
Materials and Methods: Changes in the apomorphine (APO)-induced rotational behavior of rats were observed after treatment. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were performed to investigate changes in adenosine A2A receptor 、VMAT2、DMT1 and Nrf2 expression in the rat striatum and substantia nigra.
Results: Rotations after treatment were199.11 ± 27.16, which significantly decreased compared with that before treatment ( 273.0 ± 44.61, p < 0.01). Adenosine A2A receptor expression in the striatum was 3.10 ± 0.34 significantly increased in the model group and decreased in the normal control group, whereas the expression level in the Bushenhuoxue group was 1.13 ± 0.23,p < 0.05 between the two control groups. No adenosine A2A receptor expression was observed in the substantia nigra. VMAT2 expression in the rat striatum was 23.20 ± 2.68 and substantia nigra was 15.98 ± 0.70 increased in the normal control group. They were 8.99 ± 0.48 in the rat striatum and 8.45 ± 0.59 substantia nigra significantly decreased in the model control group, whereas the expression level in the Bushenhuoxue group was 15.36 ± 0.89 in the rat striatum and 11.69 ± 1.17 in the rat substantia nigra (p < 0.05), also between the two control groups. DMT1 expression in the rat striatum was 3.30 ± 0.30 and substantia nigra was 6.56 ± 0.64 decreased in the normal control group. They were 7.92 ± 0.52 in the rat striatum and 12.76 ± 0.86 substantia nigra significantly increased in the model control group, whereas the expression level in the Bushenhuoxue group was 6.17 ± 0.27 in the rat striatum and 9.13 ± 0.44 in the rat substantia nigra (p < 0.05), also between the two control groups. Nrf2 expression in the rat striatum was 7.90 ± 0.29 and substantia nigra was 15.22 ± 1.22 increased in the normal control group. They were 3.09 ± 0.43 in the rat striatum and 8.57 ± 0.54 substantia nigra significantly decreased in the model control group, whereas the expression level in the Bushenhuoxue group was 5.00 ± 0.34 in the rat striatum and 12.46 ± 0.62 in the rat substantia nigra (p< 0.05), also between the two control groups. Conclusion: Bushenhuoxue Granules significantly improved the rotational behavior of PD’s rats, decreased adenosine A2A receptor expression, and increased VMAT2 expression; decreased DMT1 expression, and increased Nfr2 expression
GENO PROTECTIVE AND ANTI-APOPTOTIC EFFECT OF GREEN TEA AGAINST PERINATAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-EXPOSURE INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY IN RAT NEWBORNS
Get PDFBackground: This study aims to examine the protective effect of green tea on the disturbances in oxidative stress and
apoptosis related factors, mostly produced due to perinatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure, that subsequently
induces liver cell damage.
Materials and Methods: Anti-free radical, Antioxidant, scavenging, geno-protective, and antiapoptotic activity of
aqueous green tea extract (AGTE) were assessed against LPS-induced hepatic dysfunction in newborn-rats. AGTE at
doses of 100 & 200 mg/kg was orally administered daily to rat dams, during gestation and lactation.
Results: AGTE was observed to exhibit protective effects by significantly attenuating LPS-induced alterations in
serum AST, ALT, bilirubin, and albumin levels. Significant increase in the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), DNA
contents, and reduction in nitric oxide (NO) levels were observed in AGTE treated rats comparing LPS-toxicated ones.
Additionally, AGTE treatment significantly down-regulated apoptotic markers and this effect was directly correlated to
the degree of hepatic fibrosis. The possible mechanisms of the potential therapeutic-liver protective effect of AGTE
could be due to free radical scavenging potential and antiapoptotic properties caused by the presence of antioxidant
polyphenolic components in AGTE.
Conclusion: We thereby propose, based on our findings, that the anti-free radical and anti-apoptotic inducing
properties of AGTE active constituents attribute to its functional efficacy as anti-fibrotic agent
SIGNALING PATHWAYS REGULATED BY BRASSICACEAE EXTRACT INHIBIT THE FORMATION OF ADVANCED GLYCATED END PRODUCTS IN RAT BRAIN
Get PDFBackground: The goal of this study was identification signaling molecules mediated the formation of AGEs in brain of
rats injected with CdCl2 and the role of camel whey proteins and Brassicaceae extract on formation of AGEs in brain.
Methods: Ninety male rats were randomly grouped into five groups; Normal control (GpI) and the other rats (groups
II-V) were received a single dose of cadmium chloride i.p (5 μg/kg/b.w) for induction of neurodegeneration. Rats in
groups III-V were treated daily with whey protein (1g/kg b.w) or Brassicaceae extract (1mg/kg b.w) or combined
respectively for 12 weeks.
Results: It was found that whey protein combined with Brassicaceae extract prevented the formation of AGEs and
enhance the antioxidant activity compared with untreated group (