ATHMSI Journals
Not a member yet
2062 research outputs found
Sort by
MORIN MITIGATES OXIDATIVE STRESS, APOPTOSIS AND INFLAMMATION IN CEREBRAL ISCHEMIC RATS
Get PDFBackground: Morin is a flavanoid which exhibits potent antioxidant activity in various oxidative stress related
diseases. The current study was attempted to scrutinize the preclinical bio-efficacy of morin on focal ischemia.
Methods: The animal model of focal cerebral ischemic injury was done by midbrain carotid artery occlusion (MCAO)
method, followed by Morin (30mg/kg) administration for seven days.
Results: The outcome of the study showed that treatment with morin displayed positive effects in reducing the focal
cerebral ischemia. This effect was evident with the improvements in neurological deficits, reduction in MDA content
and elevation of antioxidant levels (SOD, GSH and Gpx). Furthermore, protein expression of Bax and caspase-3 were
effectively down-regulated, whilst the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly elevated. On the other hand, the mRNA
expression of proinflammatory cytokines was significantly reduced in focal cerebral ischemic rats upon morin
intervention.
Conclusion: Thus, the beneficial effects of morin on cerebral ischemia assault may result from the reduction of
oxidative stress, inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation
IN VIVO CARBON TETRACHLORIDE-INDUCED HEPATOPROTECTIVE AND IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF GARCINIA HOMBRONIANA (SEASHORE MANGOSTEEN)
Get PDFBackground: Garcinia hombroniana, known as “manggis hutan” (jungle mangosteen) in Malaysia, is distributed in
tropical Asia, Borneo, Thailand, Andaman, Nicobar Islands, Vietnam and India. In Malaysia, its ripened crimson sour
fruit rind is used as a seasoning agent in curries and culinary dishes. Its roots and leaves decoction is used against skin
infections and after child birth. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo hepatoprotective and in vitro cytotoxic activities of
20% methanolic ethyl acetate (MEA) G. hombroniana bark extract.
Materials and Methods: In hepatoprotective activity, liver damage was induced by treating rats with 1.0 mL carbon
tetrachloride (CCl4)/kg and MEA extract was administered at a dose of 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg 24 h before intoxication
with CCl4. Cytotoxicity study was performed on MCF-7 (human breast cancer), DBTRG (human glioblastoma), PC-3
(human prostate cancer) and U2OS (human osteosarcoma) cell lines. 1H, 13C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), and
IR (infrared) spectral analyses were also conducted for MEA extract.
Results: In hepatoprotective activity evaluation, MEA extract at a higher dose level of 500 mg/kg showed significant
(
GEOMETRIC, VOLUMETRIC, COLOUR AND FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED SALVIA SPECIES OF TURKEY
Get PDFBackground: Salvia seeds are promite to dietary and healthy oils because they contain essential fatty acids. Salvia
seeds frequently produce mucilage on soaking, and this mucilage is used for the treatment of eye diseases in eastern
countries. Salvia species studied for medicine, food and cosmetics, have the potential to be used in the various fields.
In the present study, selected engineering (geometrical, volumetrical, colour and frictional) properties of 6 Salvia
species seeds were determined and compared.
Materials and Methods: This study was performed on selected engineering properties of seeds of 6 Salvia species
(Salvia viridis L., Salvia aethiopis L., Salvia cryptantha Montbert & Aucher ex Benthan., Salvia tomentosa Mill.,
Salvia sclarea L., Salvia virgata Jacq.,) cultivated in Turkey. Plants were collected during the vegetation in 2012-2013
(May-Agust). The seeds were cleaned from foreign matter, dirt and broken seeds manually.
Results: The average length, width and thickness were found in the range of 2.61 to 3.53 mm, 1.59 to 2.92 mm and
1.14 to 2.52 mm, respectively. Salvia viridis L. specie had the lowest geometric mean diameter and surface area,
whereas Salvia cryptantha L. had the least values among these 6 Salvia species for these properties. The bulk density,
true density and the porosity were between 296.83 and 702.80 kg m-3, 285.69 and 718.08 kg m-3, 10.27 and 44.05%,
respectively. The volume of unit seed and sphericity ranged between 2.56 and 13.64 mm3, 62.90 and 90.40%,
respectively. The coefficient of friction of salvia species were largely influenced by the friction surfaces studied, and
highest values were found for polywood in the Salvia crytantha L.. In the study, the static friction coefficient and the
angle of repose of salvia species changed from 0.477 to 0.955, and from 14.09 to 23.57°, respectively.
Conclusion: Determination of geometric, volumetric, colour and frictional properties of Salvia spp. seeds may increase
their economic value
IN VIVO EFFECT OF RUTA CHALEPENSIS EXTRACT ON HEPATIC CYTOCHROME 3A1 IN RATS
Get PDFBackground: Since the time when drugs began to be used, it became evident that they could produce a therapeutic effect,
but also a clinical condition of toxicity or no effect at all on humans, despite using the same doses in different patients.
Such untoward effects were termed “drug idiosyncrasy” and also “idiosyncratic drug effects”, but the factors producing
such diverse responses were never taken into account.
Materials and Methods: Ruta chalepensis L. (fringed rue) is an herbaceous plant of the Rutaceae family used in
traditional medicine due to its properties, such as its analgesic and antipyretic effects. This study used 25 male rats divided
into five groups. Plant extract was administered to Groups 1 and 2 at doses of 100 and 30 mg/kg/day, respectively, for three
days; Group 3 was administered 100 mg/kg/day of dexamethasone (DEX), as well as 100 mg/kg/day of Ruta chalepensis
extract; Group 4 was administered 100 mg/kg/day of DEX and treated as positive control; Group 5 was treated as negative
control and was administered a physiological solution. Twenty-four hours after the the last dose, the animals were
sacrificed and their livers were extracted.
Results: The aqueous extract of Ruta chalepensis, intraperitoneally administered, was able to induce cytochrome 3A1 in
doses of 30 mg/kg/day, and a greater inducing effect occurs when the plant is co-administered in doses of 100 mg/kg/day
with dexamethasone.
Conclusion: This study suggests that aqueous extract of Ruta chalepensis can induce cytochrome 3a1. This study helps
provide a better understanding of CYP3a regulation. Future in vitro work is needed to determine the compounds that
produce the cytochrome modulation
EFFICIENCY OF BORAGE SEEDS OIL AGAINST GAMMA IRRADIATION-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN MALE RATS: POSSIBLE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Get PDFBackground: Borage (Borago officinal L.) is an annual herbaceous plant of great interest because its oil contains a high percentage of -linolenic acid (GLA). The present work was carried out to detect fatty acids composition of the oil extracted from borage seeds (BO) and its potential effectiveness against γ-irradiation- induced hepatotoxicity in male rats.
Materials and Methods: GC-MS analysis of fatty acids methyl esters of BO was performed to identify fatty acids composition. Sixty rats were divided into five groups (12 rats each): Control, irradiated; rats were exposed to (6.5 Gy) of whole body γ-radiation, BO (50 mg/kg b.wt), irradiated BO post-treated and irradiated BO prepost-treated. Six rats from each group were sacrificed at two time intervals 7 and 15 days post-irradiation. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels, lipids profile, as well as serum and hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxide (malondialdehyde) (MDA) levels were assessed. Histopathological examination of liver sections were also carried out.
Results: The results showed that the high contents of BO extracted by cold pressing, were linoleic acid (34.23%) and GLA (24.79%). Also, oral administration of BO significantly improved serum levels of liver enzymes, lipids profile, as well as serum and hepatic GSH and MDA levels (
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF RHAMNAZIN ON LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED ACUTE LUNG INJURY AND INFLAMMATION IN RATS
Get PDFBackground: Acute Lung Injury (ALI) results into severe inflammation and oxidative stress to the pulmonary tissue. Rhamnazin is a natural flavonoid and known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Materials and methods: The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties rhamnazin were tested for protection against the acute lung injury. We investigated whether rhamnazin improves the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in an animal model (rat). We also studied the probable molecular mechanism of action of rhamnazin. Rhamnazin was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) two days before intratracheal LPS challenge (5mg/kg). The changes in lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, LDH activity, pulmonary histopathology, BALF protein concentration, MPO activity, oxidative stress, cytokine production were estimated.
Results: The results showed a significant attenuation of all the inflammatory parameters and a marked improvement in the pulmonary histopathology in the animal groups pretreated with rhamnazin. The rhamnazin pretreated group also showed activation of Nrf2 pathway and attenuation of ROS such as H2O2, MDA and hydroxyl ion. These results indicated that rhamnazin could attenuate the symptoms of ALI in rats due to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Conclusion: The results strongly demonstrated that rhamnazin provides protection against LPS-induced ALI. The underlying mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory action may include inhibition of Nrf2 mediated antioxidative pathway
ANTI-ULCEROGENIC EFFICACY AND MECHANISMS OF EDIBLE AND NATURAL INGREDIENTS IN NSAID-INDUCED ANIMAL MODELS
Get PDFBackground: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a class of the most commonly used medicines and proven to be effective for certain disorders. Some people use NSAIDs on daily basis for preventive purpose. But a variety of severe side effects can be induced by NSAIDs. Studies have shown that edible natural ingredients exhibit preventive benefit of gastric ulcer. This paper reviews the efficacy and safety of edible natural ingredients in preventing the development of gastric ulcer induced by NSAIDs in animal models.
Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, using the terms “herbal medicines” and “gastric ulcer”, “herbal medicines” and “peptic ulcer”, “food” and “peptic ulcer”, “food” and “gastric ulcer”, “natural ingredient” and “peptic ulcer”, “natural ingredient” and “gastric ulcer”, “alternative medicine” and “peptic ulcer”, “alternative medicine” and “gastric ulcer”, “complementary medicine” and “peptic ulcer”, “complementary medicine” and “gastric ulcer” in papers published in English between January 1, 1960 and January 31, 2016, resulting in a total of 6146 articles containing these terms. After exclusion of studies not related prevention, not in NSAID model or using non-edible natural ingredients, 54 articles were included in this review.
Results: Numerous studies have demonstrated that edible natural ingredients exhibit antiulcerogenic benefit in NSAID-induced animal models. The mechanisms by which edible, ingredient-induced anti-ulcerogenic effects include stimulation of mucous cell proliferation, antioxidation, inhibition of gastric acid secretion, as well as inhibition of H (+), K (+)- ATPase activities. Utilization of edible, natural ingredients could be a safe, valuable alternative to prevent the development of NSAID-induced gastric ulcer, particularly for the subjects who are long-term users of NSAIDs
IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF PINE NEEDLE ESSENTIAL OIL FROM DIFFERENT HABITATS AND SPECIES OF CHINA BY GC-MS AND GC METHOD
Get PDFBackground: Fresh pine needles, which evergreen, renewable and can be collected at any time, have abundant
essential oil. The pine needle essential oil possess various biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective properties etc., and can be widely used as medicine or medical raw materials,
fragrances etc. So in order to make full use of pine needle plant resources, especially essential oil, the identification and
quantification of essential oil were investigated.
Materials and Methods: GC-MS was used to identified compounds in pine needle essential oil of Pinus massoniana
Lamb. from Zhejiang, and GC method was developed for determining 5 compounds (namely α-pinene, β-pinene,
limonene, bornyl acetate, β-caryophyllene) in pine needle essential oil from different habitats of Pinus massoniana
Lamb. and different species (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc., Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv., Abies holophylla
Maxim.). Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) was used to evaluate homogeneity of pine needles in China.
Results: 42 compounds(monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) were identified by GC-MS, which accounted for 99.62% of
total essential oil, particularly contained α-and β-pinene (45.23%). Quantification results showed content of bornyl
acetate were the lowest, while content of α-pinene, β-pinene were all high except Sichuan, among them α-pinene were
higher than β-pinene except for Shandong and Jiangsu, and total content of essential oil in Guangxi is the highest,
Jiangsu was the lowest within Pinus massoniana from different habitats. Within pine needle from different species, the
highest total content was Pinus koraiensis, the lowest was Pinus sylvestris, Interestingly, the highest content of bornyl
acetate was Abies holophylla. By HCA, samples were sorted into two clusters, Abies holophylla and the other, that is
Abies holophylla is different from Pinus massoniana, Pinus koraiensis and Pinus sylvestris. Pinus massoniana from
Sichuan is different from other Pinus, in which limonene was the highest in all samples.
Conclusions: Compounds of pine needle essential oil vary greatly between genus, while smaller between species, so
composition differences among pine needle essential oil was related with genus and species. Abies holophylla is
different from other pinus species, and Pinus massoniana from Sichuan is different from other habitats. Pine needle
essential oil contains abundant α-and β-pinene, which can be used as an alternative raw materials source of pinene. And
Abies holophylla and Pinus massoniana from Sichuan can become bornyl acetate and limonene alternative source of
raw materials
USE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS FOR WEIGHT LOSS IN OBESE PATIENTS IN ZONGULDAK, TURKEY
Get PDFBackground: Obesity is a prevalent and worldwide health problem . The most common weight loss method preferred by obese individuals is dietary supplements. This study was performed in order to determine the dietary supplements used by obese individuals for weight loss and to examine the barriers to informing health personnel on supplement use.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed in the Endocrinology and Diabetes Polyclinic at the Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Department of the Health Application and Research Center of the Bulent Ecevit University. The sample consisted of 151 patients randomly selected from among the 755 people using the simple randomization method.
Results: In the study, 33.6% of the obese individuals were found to use dietary supplements for weight loss. Women, people with no chronic diseases, people who exercised regularly, and people who underwent regular health check-ups were found to prefer dietary supplements at a greater rate (
ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS FROM URGINEA MARITIMA FRUITS
Get PDFBackground: Increasing antibiotic resistance among human pathogenic microorganisms and the failure of conventional cancer therapies attracting great attention among scientists in the field of herbal medicine to develop natural antimicrobial and anticancer drugs. Thus, the antimicrobial and anticancer activities from fruits of the medicinal plant Urginea maritima (L.) Baker that unexplored previously were investigated in this study.
Materials and Methods: Fruits of U. maritima plant were collected, dried, ground, and extracted by hot water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone. The fruit extracts were examined for their potential as antimicrobial and anticancer agents using the agar well diffusion method and MTT assay, respectively. The gene expression of some cancer-related gene markers was determined by RT-PCR.
Results: All fruit extracts of U. maritima exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Methanol and ethanol extracts exhibited anticandidal activity. Ethanol and acetone extracts displayed non-hemolytic activity and selective cytotoxicity against breast cancer MCF7 cells with IC50 values that considered as active treatments. Concerning DNA fragmentation and gene expression after treatment of MCF7 cells with the most promising acetone extract, induction of apoptosis was proposed. The expression of cancer-related gene TNF after 6 hours, tumor suppressor genes (p53 and BRCA1), and immune response genes (IL-2 and IL-6) was induced. The expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2 in treated MCF7 cells was reduced.
Conclusion: Fruit extracts of U. maritima exhibited antimicrobial and anticancer activities. This result may lead to the use of these extracts for treatment of some infectious diseases and certain types of cancer