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POSSIBLE CARDIOPROTECTIVE ACTION OF POMEGRANATE JUICE PUNICA GRANATUM AND PROPOLIS AGAINST MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION INDUCED IN RATS.
Get PDFBackground: The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective role of pomegranate juice alone or in
combination with propolis extract against isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction in rats.
Material and Methods: Male Wister albino rats (n=60) weighing 220-280 g were divided into six groups each group
contain ten rats; group I: negative control fed standard diet. Group (II-VI): Rats were injected subcutaneously with
isoproterenol (150 mg/kg) for 3 days. Group III: Rats were given pomegranate juice 1ml /rat / day. Group IV: Rats
were given propolis extract (50 mg/kg BW). Group V: Rats were given pomegranate juice + propolis extract. Group
VI: Rats were given glyceronitrate (2.6mg/kg.bw/day).
Results: The ISO-induced myocardial infarction in untreated rats has indicated by significant (p < 0.001) elevation of
cardiac marker enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase
(CK), and cardiac troponin I (CnI ) when compared with control group. Rats treated with pomegranate juice and
propolis extracts showed highly significant (
DIURETIC, ANTIDIURETIC AND LAXATIVE ACTIVITIES OF ANTHOCLEISTA VOGELII EXTRACTS IN RATS
Get PDFBackground: Anthocleista vogelii Planch is a medicinal plant used by traditional healers in the treatment of Malaria, hypertension, ulcer, obesity, diabetes, and as a diuretic and purgative in Africa. Therefore, the present study sought to evaluate the diuretic, antidiuretic and laxative activities of the root bark of A. vogelii extracts and fractions in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
Materials and methods: Sixty rats were placed in 10 groups which included: control (normal saline), furosemide/sodium picosulfate (25 mg/kg) as standard drugs, methanol extracts (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg), and 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of saponin, flavonoid and neutral alkaloid fractions of A. vogelii. The drugs/extracts/fractions were administered orally using normal saline as the vehicle.
Results: The 500 mg/kg methanol extracts (ME) significantly increased (
TICK INFESTATION: A 200-PATIENTS’ SERIES
Get PDFBackground: A great number of zoonotic diseases with high mortality rate are transmitted by ticks. We performed this
study in order to investigate patients admitted to emergency department following a tick bite. We examined the patients
and get knowledge about the infestation and we followed up them for possible tick-conducted disease symptoms and
laboratory findings both clinically and serologically.
Materials and Methods: The study presented was hold for one year, between 01.01.2012 and 31.12.2012. 200 tick
infested cases, admitted to Emergency Department of Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, were
subjected in the study. Demographic patterns of the patients and the region they come from, infested area on body,
admission time and blood analyzing results were detected.
Results: Rate of adult patients to pediatric was 2:1; gender distribution was similar to each other. The most common
body areas that ticks were removed from were lower extremity. The highest tick bite incidence was in summer and on
weekends. No tick bite incident of Istanbul surrounding from the year 2012 progressed to a zoonotic disease.
Conclusions: Although non-of the patients of our study has been diagnosed with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
we informed all of them for the incubation period and call for observation during the time. Tick borne infections may
present with vary of symptoms, the most sever of which is hemorrhagic diathesis and patients should be informed for
the risks. Knowledge of local area fauna risks may guide physicians so studies on this topic are essential
THE HERBAL MIXTURE XIAO-CHAI-HU TANG (XCHT) INDUCES APOPTOSIS OF HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA HUH7 CELLS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO
Get PDFBackground: Xiao-Chai-Hu Tang (XCHT) is an extract of seven herbs with anticancer properties, but its mechanism
of action is unknown. In this study, we evaluated XCHT-treated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for anti-proliferative
and pro-apoptotic effects.
Materials and Methods: Using a hepatic cancer xenograft model, we investigated the in vivo efficacy of XCHT
against tumor growth by evaluating tumor volume and weight, as well as measuring apoptosis and cellular proliferation
within the tumor. To study the effects of XCHT in vitro, we measured the cell viability of XCHT-treated Huh7 cells, as
well as colony formation and apoptosis. To identify a potential mechanism of action, the gene and protein expression
levels of Bax, Bcl-2, CDK4 and cyclin-D1 were measured in XCHT-treated Huh7 cells.
Results: We found that XCHT reduced tumor size and weight, as well as significantly decreased cell viability both in
vivo and in vitro. XCHT suppressed the expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 in HCC tissues and inhibited
Huh7 colony formation. XCHT induced apoptosis in HCC tumor tissues and in Huh7 cells. Finally, XCHT altered the
expression of Bax, Bcl-2, CDK4 and cyclin-D1, which halted cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis.
Conclusion: Our data suggest that XCHT enhances expression of pro-apoptotic pathways, resulting in potent
anticancer activity
A MOUSE MODEL OF MAMMARY HYPERPLASIA INDUCED BY ORAL HORMONE ADMINISTRATION
Get PDFBackground: Mammary hyperplasia is one of the most common benign breast disorders. Although traditional Chinese medicine has a vast experience in the treatment of mammary hyperplasia, it is not accepted widely due to its unclear mechanism.
Methods and Materials: To address the mechanism, we developed a mouse model of mammary hyperplasia. We gave mice estradiol valerate tablets and progesterone capsules sequentially for one month by intragastric administration.
Results: Mice treated by this method had a series of pathological changes which are similar to those detected in women with mammary hyperplasia, including ectopic level of estradiol and progesterone in serum, hyperplasia of mammary glands and increased expression of ERα and PR.
Conclusion: This model will facilitate the mechanical study of traditional medicine on mammary hyperplasia
ANTITUMOR AND APOPTOTIC EFFECTS OF CUCURBITACIN A IN A-549 LUNG CARCINOMA CELLS IS MEDIATED VIA G2/M CELL CYCLE ARREST AND M-TOR/PI3K/AKT SIGNALLING PATHWAY.
Get PDFBackground: The main aim of this study was to demonstrate the antitumor potential of cucurbitacin A on A-549 NSCLC
(non-small cell lung cancer cells). The effects of Cucurbitacin A on apoptotic induction, cell physic, cell cycle failure and
m-TOR/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway were also investigated in the present study.
Materials and Methods: MTT assay and clonogenic assay were carried out to study effects of this compound on cell
cytotoxicity and colony forming tendency in A-549 cells. Moreover, phase and fluorescence microscopic techniques were
used to examine the effects on cell morphology and induction of apoptosis. The effects on cell cycle phase distribution were
investigated by flow cytometry and effects on m-TOR/PI3K/Akt signalling proteins were assessed by western blot analysis.
Results: Results showed that cucurbitacin A induced dose-dependent cytotoxic effects along with suppressing the colony
forming tendency in these cells. Cucurbitacin A also induced morphological changes in these cells featuring chromatin
condensation, cell shrinkage and apoptotic body formation. G2/M phase cell cycle collapse was also induced by
Cucurbitacin A along with inhibition of expression levels of m-TOR/PI3K/Akt proteins.
Conclusions: In conclusion, cucurbitacin A inhibits cancer growth in A-549 NSCLC cells by inducing apoptosis, targeting
m-TOR/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and G2/M cell cycle
IN VITRO EFFICACY OF EXTRACTS FROM PLANTS USED BY SMALL-HOLDER FARMERS IN THE TREATMENT OF DERMATOPHILOSIS IN CATTLE
Get PDFBackground: Bovine dermatophilosis, an important skin disease of cattle caused by Dermatophilus congolensis,
negatively impacts the livelihoods of small-holder farmers in Zimbabwe. This impact is through, morbidity, loss of
draught animal power, costs incurred to manage the disease, losses associated with devalued damaged hides and the
resultant culling of some of the affected cattle. Due to the inaccessibility of conventional drugs to manage bovine
dermatophilosis, farmers have been reported to use local medicinal plants to manage the disease. The aim of the study
was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of three plants that small-holder farmers in Zimbabwe used to
manage bovine dermatophilosis.
Methods: Dried plant materials were ground into powder and extracted individually using, water, 80 % acetone and 80
% methanol. The antimicrobial properties of the plants were evaluated against two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli
and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) reference bacterial strains. They were
further evaluated against a field isolate of Dermatophilus congolensis. The assays used were the disc diffusion,
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).
Results: Acetone and methanol extracts had superior inhibitory activities than did those of water. Pterocarpus
angolensis DC extracts had better inhibitory properties with absolute MIC values of 0.156 – 5 mg/ml, Cissus
Quadrangularis L had MIC values in the range 0.156 – 5 mg/ml while that of Catunaregam spinosa Thunb, Terveng
was 0.156 – 10 mg/ml. Dermatophilus congolensis was more sensitive to Pterocarpus angolensis DC average MIC =
0.63 mg/ml than to Cissus quadrangularis L average MIC = 1.25 mg/ml and Catunaregam. spinosa Thunb, Terveng
average MIC = 2.08 mg/ml.
Conclusion: These results suggest the potential antibacterial activities of extracts of the three plants and hence farmers
are, in a way, justified in using the plants. Better results (lower MIC) could be obtained by extracting and evaluating
pure active compounds of the plants
ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L. POLLEN USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFERTILITY PROBLEMS IN ALGERIAN OASES
Get PDFBackground: The Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) is known for its traditional medicinal properties across the
history of native population in Algerian Sahara. There is a large trend of consumption of date palm pollen preparations
in many human infertility cases in our country. However, the validity has not been scientifically tested. There has been
no direct scientific research on this application. This study was undertaken to identify cultivars with greater potential in
the traditional medicine uses. To evaluate the effects of da palm pollen on some sexual behavioural parameters of male
adult rats, we tested the role of pollen powder from Deglet Nour cultivar on some male reproductive parameters.
Materials and Methods: An Ethnobotanical survey was conducted in 17 oases in southern Algeria to identify all
cultivars with medicinal interest. Local people were interviewed with open questions. A questionnaire and personal
interviews for data collection were designed to record important cultivars, parts used and preparations. To determine
the active constituents of date palm pollen used in traditional medicine, a phytochemical screening was performed. The
effects of oral administration of date palm pollen suspension on male adult rats were investigated on body and testicle
weights, serum testosterone level.
Results: 131 prominent cultivars were found within 12 cultivars containing various parts with medicinal effects. Some
primary and secondary metabolites were detected by phytochemical screening. The pollen increased the weight of the
body, testicles and enhanced the serum testosterone level of male rats treated.
Conclusion: The present survey has provided the identification and recognition of date palm cultivars used in
traditional Saharan medicine. Date palm pollen could improve sexual activities in male infertility cases and may be
attempted to derive drugs
REDUCTION OF INTRA-ARTICULAR ADHESION BY TOPICAL APPLICATION OF DAIDZEIN FOLLOWING KNEE SURGERY IN RABBITS
Get PDFBackground: Intra-articular adhesion is the commonest complication that is faced by orthopedic surgeons after knee
surgery. Thus, the present investigation evaluates the effect of daidzein on intra-articular adhesion in rabbits.
Material and methods: All the rabbits were separated in to four different groups each group carries ten rabbits. Cancellous
bone was exposed in each rabbit by removing cortical bone from both side of the femoral condyle. Following daidzein (2.5,
5 and 10 mg/ml) was topically applied for the duration of 10 min to the decorticated areas. Thereafter for the period of 4
week surgical limb was fixed. Effect of daidzein on intra articular adhesion was estimated by visual score through
macroscopic examination, histopathology study, hydroxyproline content, fibroblast and collage density.
Results: Data obtained in the study suggest that topical application of daidzein (5 and 10 mg/ml) loose the collagen and
significantly decreases the adhesion at the decorticated areas. Moreover there were significant reduction in the fibroblast
density, hydroxyproline content and optical density of collagen tissue in daidzein (5 and 10 mg/ml) treated group than
control.
Conclusion: Thus present study concludes that topical application of daidzein reduces intra-articular adhesion around the
knee
IN VIVO EFFECT OF GUIDING-HERB RADIX PLATYCODONIS AND RADIX CYATHULAE ON PAEONIFLORIN PHARMACOKINETICS OF XUEFU ZHUYU TANG IN RATS
Get PDFBackground: Xuefu Zhuyu Tang (XFZYT), first recorded in Correction of Errors in Medical Works by Qing-ren Wang, has been proven reliable and effective for curing various diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and angina pectoris. It consists of 11 herbs and two of them, Radix platycodonis and Radix cyathulae, have been traditionally considered as guiding herbs and deeply valued by tens of millions of Chinese medicine practitioners. Do Radix platycodonis and Radix cyathulae affect the pharmacokinetics of the effective constituent-paeoniflorin of XFZYT? If yes, in what way? This study aims to answer these questions.
Materials and Methods: The medicinal solutions of XFZYT, XFZYT without Radix platycodonis (XFZYT-JG), XFZYT without Radix cyathulae (XFZYT-NX), and XFZYT without Radix platycodonis and Radix cyathulae (XFZYT-JG-NX) were prepared and administrated to rats in the normal group and the blood-stasis model group by gavage, respectively. The blood samples of rats in the normal group were obtained 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after gavage; whereas the blood samples of rats in the blood-stasis model group were obtained 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 90, 150, and 240 minutes after gavage. Biological samples were processed; the assays of specificity, precision, linearity, intra-day and inter-day precisions, recovery and stability were conducted; high performance liquid chromatography was performed to detect paeoniflorin content; and DAS software was adopted to generate pharmacokinetic parameters. Mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and water (16:84), detection wavelength was 230 nm, and riboflavin was set as internal standard substance.
Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters of the rats in the normal group after oral gavage of XFZYT, XFZYT-JG, XFZYT-NX, and XFZYT-JG-NX were Cmax = (0.363±0.248, 0.065±0.020, 0.099±0.033, 0.099±0.020) mg/L, Tmax = (0.276±0.084, 0.583±0.342, 0.555±0.228, 0.317±0.033)h, t1/2 = (0.501±0.241, 1.021±0.522, 0.853±0.377, 1.227±0.402) h; and AUC0-∞ = (0.381±0.415, 0.13±0.085, 0.166±0.066, 0.185±0.059) mg/L·h.; whereas the pharmacokinetic parameters for the rats in the blood-stasis model group after oral gavage of XFZYT, XFZYT-JG, XFZYT-NX, and XFZYT-JG-NX were Cmax = (0.315±0.153, 0.215±0.044, 0.228±0.056, 0.248±0.09) mg/L, Tmax = (0.5±0, 0.667±0.129, 0.5±0, 0.542±0.102) h, t1/2 = (0.408±0.146, 0.813±0.135, 0.708±0.383, 0.741±0.173) h, and AUC 0-∞ = (0.306±0.157, 0.408±0.136, 0.368±0.159, 0.381±0.246) mg/L·h.
Conclusion: The guiding herbs, Radix platycodonis and Radix cyathulae, significantly increased the absorption amount and rate of paeoniflorin in XFZYT, and accelerated its elimination from the blood