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CARDIOPROTECTIVE ROLES OF THE CHINESE MEDICINAL FORMULA BAO-XIN-TANG ON ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN RATS
Get PDFBackground: Bao-Xin-Tang (BXT) is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula used for the treatment of coronary heart disease and
known to have favorable therapeutic benefits. The current study was designed to determine whether BXT has a cardioprotective role
for acute myocardial infarction. The underlying mechanisms were also explored.
Materials and Methods: The Sprague-Dawley rat model of acute myocardial infarction was established by occluding the left anterior
descending branch of the coronary artery. After a 3-h ischemic period, we determined the myocardial infarction size, inflammatory
components, and antioxidant activities.
Results: The data showed that BXT could reduce the infarction size and lower the levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and
myeloperoxidase, and increase the activities of superoxide dismutase and the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10. These results
indicate that administration of BXT, following acute myocardial infarction, could reduce infarct size.
Conclusion: The effects of BXT may be related to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties
QUANTIFICATION OF GLYCYRRHIZIN BIOMARKER IN GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA RHIZOME AND BABY HERBAL FORMULATIONS BY VALIDATED RP-HPTLC METHODS
Get PDFBackground: A simple and sensitive thin-layer chromatographic method has been established for quantification of
glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhiza glabra rhizome and baby herbal formulations by validated Reverse Phase HPTLC method.
Materials and Methods: RP-HPTLC Method was carried out using glass coated with RP-18 silica gel 60 F254S HPTLC
plates using methanol-water (7: 3 v/v) as mobile phase.
Results: The developed plate was scanned and quantified densitometrically at 256 nm. Glycyrrhizin peaks from
Glycyrrhiza glabra rhizome and baby herbal formulations were identified by comparing their single spot at Rf = 0.63 ±
0.01. Linear regression analysis revealed a good linear relationship between peak area and amount of glycyrrhizin in the
range of 2000-7000 ng/band.
Conclusion: The method was validated, in accordance with ICH guidelines for precision, accuracy, and robustness. The
proposed method will be useful to enumerate the therapeutic dose of glycyrrhizin in herbal formulations as well as in bulk
drug
INVESTIGATION OF ANTIHEMOLYTIC, XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITION, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF SALVIA VERBENACA L. AERIAL PART EXTRACTS.
Get PDFBackground: In this study, Salvia verbenaca L. aerial part extracts (SVEs): were screened for their antihemolytic, xanthine oxidase (XO)
inhibition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Material and methods: To investigate SVEs antihemolytic activity, the 2,2,-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was used
to induce erythrocyte oxidative hemolysis. In XO inhibition test, xanthine was used as substrate and cytochrome c for generating superoxide
anions. The antioxidant activity of SVEs was examined by means of reducing power, DPPH free radical scavenging and iron chelating
assays. In addition, SVEs were tested for their antimicrobial effects by evaluating antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Results: Ethyl acetate extract (EAE) contains the highest amount of total polyphenols and flavonoids (661.78 ± 4.00 mg GAE / g E) and
(28.81 ± 0.38 mg QE / g E) respectively. In antihemolytic test EAE was the most active extract with an HT50 value of 165 min. SVEs gave
significant inhibitory effects on XO, especially the chloroform extract (ChE) with IC50 value of 0.0088 ± 0.000 mg/ml. EAE was the most
active extract in reducing power essay (EC50: 0.0047 ± 0.000 mg/ml) and in DPPH radical scavenging essay (IC50: 0.0086 ± 0.000 mg/ml).
Finally, the EAE has inhibited the growth of nine bacterial strains with inhibition zone diameters of (12 to 16 mm), but no activities have
found against fungal strains.
Conclusion: S. verbenaca could be considered as a potential source of natural antihemolytic, enzyme modulator, antioxidant and
antibacterial agents
IN VITRO STUDY OF CONCENTRATION-EFFECT AND TIME-COURSE PATTERN OF WHITE ALUM ON ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 GROWTH
Get PDFBackground: Nowadays, the demand for antibacterial fabrics has increased. White alum is used for oral aphthous
ulcers treatment in traditional medicine of Sistan city, Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran, and also as a flocculent
for water purification. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of concentration and time on antibacterial activity of
white alum on Escherichia coli O157:H7.
Materials and Methods: 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2% concentrations of white alum were added to 108 CFU of Escherichia coli
O157:H7. Optical Density was recorded for 4 hours. Data obtained were analyzed using Repeated Measure and Oneway
ANOVA by SPSS.
Results: Results revealed the effectiveness of white alum in the growth of the tested bacterium. The white alum was
found to be potent against Escherichia coli O157:H7 at a concentration above 1% (
WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION EXERCISE IMPROVES FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH A SUITABLE APPROACH
Get PDFBackground: Patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) have abnormal bone modelling and resorption. The bone
tissue adaptation and responsivity to dynamic and mechanical loading may be of therapeutic use under controlled
circumstances. Improvements due to the wholebody vibration (WBV) exercises have been reported in strength, motion,
gait, balance, posture and bone density in several osteopenic individuals, as in post-menopausal women or children
with disabling conditions, as patients with OI. The aim of this investigation was to systematically analyse the current
available literature to determine the effect of WBV exercises on functional parameters of OI patients.
Materials and methods: Three reviewers independently accessed bibliographical databases. Searches were performed
in the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and PEDro databases using keywords related to possible interventions
(including WBV) used in the management of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.
Results: Three eligible studies were identified by searches in the analysed databases.
Conclusion: It was concluded that WBV exercises could be an important option in the management of OI patients
improving the mobility and functional parameters. However, further studies are necessary for establishing suitable
protocols for these patients
EVALUATION OF CRUDE FLAXSEED (Linum usitatissimum L.) OIL IN BURN WOUND HEALING IN NEW ZEALAND RABBITS
Get PDFBackground: Burns are among the most prevalent injuries in humans with high cost in health care and heavy
prolonged or permanent physical, psychological and social consequences. Commercial antimicrobial creams and
dressing agents are unsuccessful in healing deep burn wounds.
Materials and Methods: A study was conducted to assess the impact of crude linseed oil (LSO) topical application on
burn wounds healing in rabbits in comparison with untreated wounds (NAT) and those treated with Vaseline gel
(VAG) and Cicatryl-Bio ointment (CBO). By the 28th day post burning, skin biopsies were analyzed for histological
and cytological lesions. The presence of various bioactive phytochemical groups in linseed was also screened.
Results: Phytochemical screening has resulted in high concentrations of flavonoids and terpenoids, low amounts of
catechic tannins and total absence of alkaloids and saponosides. All along the trial, the rate of wounds contraction was
found to be significantly higher in burns treated with LSO which had also a significant shorter healing period (26±5.89
days) as compared to the other treatments. LSO healed wounds included less inflammatory cells, complete epithelium
regeneration with a reduced thickness of the new formed dermis, discreet fibrosis, enhanced neo-vascularization,
increased number of collagen fibers, fibroblasts and many myofibroblasts. Additionally, no adverse effects of LSO on
cicatrization process were recorded.
Conclusion: These findings prove the safety and efficaciousness of linseed oil topical application in the therapy of
burn wounds
KINETICS OF MODULATORY ROLE OF Cyperus esculentus L. ON THE SPECIFIC ACTIVITY OF KEY CARBOHYDRATE METABOLIZING ENZYMES
Get PDFBackground: The continuous search for new lead compounds as viable inhibitors of specific enzymes linked to carbohydrate metabolism has intensified. Cyperus esculentus L. is one of the therapeutically implicated botanicals against several degenerative diseases including diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Methods: This study evaluated the antioxidant and mechanism(s) of inhibitory potential of aqueous extract of C. esculentus on α-amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro. The extract was investigated for its radical scavenging and hypoglycaemic potentials using standard experimental procedures. Lineweaver-Burke plot was used to predict the manner in which the enzymes were inhibited.
Results: The data obtained revealed that the extract moderately and potently inhibited the specific activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. The inhibition was concentration-related with respective IC50 values of 5.19 and 0.78 mg/mL relative to that of the control (3.72 and 3.55 mg/mL). The extract also significantly scavenged free radicals and the effects elicited could be ascribed to its phytoconstituents.
Conclusion: The respective competitive and non-competitive mode of action of the extract is due to its inhibitory potentials on the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Going forward, in addition to completely characterize the exact compound(s) responsible for the elicited activity in this study, pertinent attention will be given to the in vivo evaluation of the identified constituents
PREFACE
Get PDFPreface
Comprehension of the health-disease relationship and its consequences require that health professionals should continuously update their knowledge. Incorporation of procedures involving technologies in healthcare is highly desirable to increase scientific evidence about the effectiveness and practice of therapeutics. The use of these technologies should also be related to health promotion and quality of life improvement. Exchanging and sharing of scientific information to facilitate critical evaluation of techniques used clinically is essential.
Some interventions available in healthcare are often not widely used. Although the Traditional Chinese Medicine TCM) practices are known to be ancient, some of them had only recently increased their acceptability as clinical procedures in many countries from the publication of the “Strategic Plan for Traditional Medicine 2002-2005” (published by the World Health Organization in 2002). Several interventions of the TCM are included among the Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines (TCAM).
A shared point of the TCAM is the emphasis on friendly conduct in the development of the therapeutic relationship, and the integration of human beings with their environment and society. Following this concept, it is possible to suggest that the use of oscillating/vibratory platform that produces mechanical vibration, and can generate whole body vibration exercise (WBVE), as an additional complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).
WBVE would be an alternative remedy to improve clinical and functional aspects, and to enhance physical capability. However, it is still timidly used by some health professionals. It is necessary to take caution in the exposition of a person, healthy or not, trained or not, to WBVE. Well-defined criteria must be followed, guided by prescription of insurance parameters in order to result in desirable physiological/clinical effects. Biomechanical parameters of the mechanical vibration must be considered, such as (i) frequency, (ii) peak-to-peak displacement, (iii) exposure time, (iv) rest time, and (v) position of the individual on the base of the platform must be well established.
The holistic view of the processes involved in health-disease relationship, health promotion and quality of life improvement, are closely related. This raises guided approaches in TCAM and WBVE applied in various special populations seeking health promotion and improvement of physical fitness.
Putting together all these considerations, “The First International Congress on Mechanical Vibrations and on Integrative and Complementary Practices”, held in 2016, at Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was an opportunity to meet the professionals who work with the implementation of these TCAM interventions, and with the investigations on these techniques.
Considering all challenges associated with the organization of an International Congress, we decided to organize an international forum for debate about the proposed theme, and to publish the findings of the Congress in a special issue of the African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. This process will, hopefully, encourage further research, basic and applied, in the area, and thus enhance the scientific evidence, and the dissemination of knowledge about the benefits, and the care necessary for proper and safer use of TCAM.
Mario Bernardo-Filho, PhD
Guest Editor
THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF GNIDIA CAPITATA L. F.: INVESTIGATIONS ON ITS ANTITYROSINASE, ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES
Get PDFBackground: Gnidia capitata L. F. belongs to the family Thymelaeaceae, and has been widely reported for its
ethnobotanical uses, especially for the treatment of several human ailments which include skin conditions. However,
there is limited information about the pharmacological properties of this plant as a potential cosmetic agent or
pharmaceutical. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of G. capitata for its anti-tyrosinase,
antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-mycobacterial properties.
Materials and methods: G. capitata was extracted with methanol (MeOH), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), dichloromethane
(DCM) and hexane (n-Hex). All extracts were tested in vitro for activities against Propionibacterium acnes (ATCC
11827) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294). Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was screened using
tyrosinase from Agaricus bispor. Antioxidant activity was investigated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) radical scavenging assay.
Results: EtOAc, DCM and n-Hex extracts of the plant showed antibacterial activity against P. acnes with MICs of 125
μg/ml. The DCM and n-Hex extracts showed anti-mycobacterial activity with MICs of 500μg/ml. The methanolic
extract showed the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 41.83μg/ml.
Conclusion: The findings presented in this study may explain the potential use of G. capitata for the treatment of
certain skin conditions. The potent antioxidant activity could help control the negative effects associated with
inflammatory mediators that are produced during the immune response in people that are affected by skin conditions
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PROPHYLACTIC EFFECTS OF SATURJA KHUZESTANICA ESSENTIAL OIL ON ACUTE TOXOPLASMOSIS IN MICE
Get PDFBackground: Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread zoonotic protozoan that infects approximately one third of the global
human population and all other warm-blooded animals. The present study aims to evaluate the prophylactic effects of
Satureja khuzestanica essential oil (SKEO) on infected mice with acute toxoplasmosis.
Materials and Methods: The components of the SKEO were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy
(GC/MS). To evaluate the prophylactic effects of SKEO, mice were divided into four groups. (i) non-treated group, (ii)
mice treated with olive oil once a day for two weeks, (iii) mice treated with SKEO at the dose of 0.2ml/kg once a day
for two weeks, (iv) and mice orally treated with SKEO at the dose of 0.3 ml/kg once a day for two weeks. After 24 h
(fifteenth day) mice in the groups of two-four were infected intraperitonealy with 10-4 tachyzoite of T. gondii, RH
strain. The mortality rate in all infected mice and the number of tachyzoites from infected mice were recorded.
Results: The main components of SKEO were carvacrol (78.8%), thymol (7.5%), and beta-Bisabolene (1.2%).
Findings of prophylactic effects revealed that mortality rate of infected mice was 8 days after oral administration of
SKEO at the concentration of 0.2 and 0.3ml/kg (