Revista Agro Productividad
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Estrus syncrhonization in ewes with prostaglandins at dif-ferent days post CIDR insertion: Estrus syncrhonization with prostaglandins at different days
No full textObjective: To evaluate the effect of PGF2α application on days 0, 3 and 6 of the synchronized luteal phase on reproductive perfomance and its effect on progesterone concentrations of multiparous ewes.
Design/methodology/approach: The experimental design was a completely randomized. Seventy-five ewes synchronized with CIDR for 6 days and 250 UI of eCG were used at device removal. The ewes were randomly distributed in three treatments in relation to the days of application of PGF2α (125 μg sodium cloprostenol): in the first group of ewes, PGF2α was applied at the time of insertion of the CIDR (D0, n=25); in the second group PGF2α was applied on day three of insertion of the CIDR (D3, n=25) and in the third group it was applied on day six, at the time of the withdrawal of the CIDR (D3, n=25). The presentation of estrus and the gestation rate were analyzed through the c2 test. The onset of estrus and prolificacy by a Tukey analysis of variance and comparison of means. The concentration of P4 was carried out using the PROC MIXED procedure, which included fixed effects of treatment and day, and interaction of both.
Results: Presentation and onset of estrus were different (P<0.05) between treatments due to the effect of the interval in the days of PGF2α application. The P4 concentrations in blood serum showed differences during the synchronized luteal phase (D0: 4.8 ng mL-1; D3: 6.0 ng mL-1, D6: 8.8 ng/mL-1). However, no differences were found in gestation rate and prolificacy due to main effects.Objective: To evaluate the effect of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) application on days 0, 3 and 6 of the synchronized luteal phases on reproductive perfomance and its effect on progesterone concentrations of multiparous ewes.
Design/methodology/approach: The experimental design was a completely randomized. Seventy-five ewes synchronized with control internal drug release devices (CIDR) for six days and 250 UI of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) were used at device removal. The ewes were randomly distributed in three treatments in relation to the days of application of PGF2α (125 μg sodium cloprostenol): in the first group of ewes, PGF2α was applied at the time of insertion of the CIDR (D0, n=25); in the second group PGF2α was applied on day three of insertion of the CIDR (D3, n=25) and in the third group it was applied on day six, at the time of the withdrawal of the CIDR (D3, n=25). The presentation of estrus and the gestation rate were analyzed through the c2 test. The onset of estrus and prolificacy by a Tukey analysis of variance and comparison of means. The concentration of P4 was carried out using the mixed design procedure, which included fixed effects of treatment and day, and interaction of both.
Results: Presentation and onset of estrus were different (P<0.05) between treatments due to the effect of the interval in the days of PGF2α application. The progesterone (P4) concentrations in blood serum showed differences during the synchronized luteal phase (D0: 4.8 ng mL-1; D3: 6.0 ng mL-1, D6: 8.8 ng mL-1). However, no differences were found in gestation rate and prolificacy due to the main effects.
Limitations on study/implications: The application of 125 µg of PGF2α on different days of the synchronized luteal phase does not affect gestation rate and prolificacy. Nevertheless, presentation and onset of estrus were different, so it must be considered in laparoscopic artificial insemination programs.
Findings/conclusions: The application of PGF2α during the synchronized luteal phase at short intervals showed better results at the end of treatment. The corpus luteum (CL) and CIDR increase P4 concentrations; which modifies the estrus response, and it has a positive effect in reproductive performance
Morphological characterization of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) criollo type in Mexico
Get PDFObjective: Achieve the morphological characterization of Criollo-type cocoa from Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: For morphological characterization, 17 Criollo-type cocoa accessions and 30 varietal descriptors were proposed by Avendaño et al., (2014), and this was carried out on five-year-old trees in the Rosario Izapa Experimental Field of INIFAP during two production cycles.
Results: With the first three principal components, 47.3% of the variation was explained and the variables that most explained this variation were the color of the young leaf, anthocyanin pigmentation of the pedicel, basal constriction of the fruit, shape of the fruit apex and length/diameter ratio of the fruit; sepal length, sepal width length, fruit length, fruit exocarp thickness, seed width, seed length/diameter ratio and cotyledon color. The cluster analysis allowed us to differentiate two groups where the color of the unripe fruit was one of the descriptors that contributed the most to forming the groups.
Limitations on study/implications: Knowledge of the diversity of Mexican Criollo-type cocoas allows for establishing strategies for conserving and using this type of cocoa.
Findings/conclusions: In Mexico, the Criollo cacao genetic group presents a wide morphological variation in the descriptors of leaf, flower, fruit and seed. The shape of the apex of the leaf, the anthocyanin pigmentation in the flower, the color in the mature and immature state, and the shape and basal constriction of the fruit, as well as the color of the cotyledon, are the descriptors that allowed us to differentiate the Criollo cocoas studied
Impact of planting density and nitrogen on the productivity of warm-climate onion in the Mexican pacific
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Objective: To evaluate three population density and nitrogen supply in onion.
Design/methodology/approach: An experiment was developed in the dry tropics of Mexico. Seedlings were produced in nursery and transplanted on 0.9 m planting beds. In addition to crop management with drip irrigation, nitrogen nutrition was planned according to the rational form of supply. Density/nitrogen factors were evaluated in factorial design 32. Developmental, productive and qualitative bulb variables were recorded and statistically analyzed.
Results: The interaction of factors was varied, but in the productive, only the density factor was consistent; bulb weight excelled in the low density (14.8 plants m2) but did not lead to the highest yield, on the other hand, the highest density together with N supply, presented the highest yield per area of 2.14 and 2.17 kg m2.
Limitations on study/implications: Onions are favored by the Mexican population as they are among the most consumed vegetables due to their bulbs, and they are attributed with various health benefits. Approximately 52 thousand hectares are harvested in the country and Michoacan participates with 8.3% of production. However, yields are lower than their potential, due to the lack of adaptation to current environmental conditions. This leads to consider the exploration of alternative locations and the implementation of strategies to improve yields, where nutrition and spacing are key factors.
Findings/conclusions: The density of 26.9 plants m2 with N addition produced the highest yield
Behavior and management of thrips population using biorational insecticides in avocado (Persea americana MILL.) trees
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the effectiveness of biorational insecticides to control thrips and to provide alternatives that reduce the negative environmental impact of chemical pesticides on the management of avocado tree.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Using a randomized complete block design with four replicates, the following five treatments were evaluated: T1) control (water); T2) chicalote (Argemone mexicana L.) extract; T3) neem (Azadirachta indica) oil extract; T4) potassium soap (potassium salts); and T5) Spinosad (Spinosyn A and Spinosyn D). Each product was applied in its own row. Treatment rows were separated by a row of trees to which no treatment was applied. Samples were taken in different dates from plant and floral sprouts of four randomly selected avocado trees. Each tree was an experimental unit.
Results: The data obtained did not comply with the normality test and the homogeneity of variance; consequently, the data were subjected to a General Additive Model (GAM). The most efficient treatments were neem oil extract and Spinosad.
Study Limitations/Implications: Different orchards, with different initial pest populations, should be evaluated to determine the level of infestation in which the application of biorational products is still feasible for pest control.
Findings/Conclusions: Plant extracts have high potential to control thrips in open-air avocado plantations; consequently, they could be an alternative to the application of synthetic insecticides for pest management
Technique comparison to assess sperm DNA fragmentation in hair ram
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate 5 DNA fragmentation techniques in thawed sperm samples from hair ram subjected to fragmentation with H2O2.Design/methodology/approach: Samples were 36 straws from 4 Blackbelly rams that were thawed, mixed (pool), diluted in PBS to a concentration of 30X106 sperm/mL and divided into three treatments: T0: sample without oxidant (considered as 0% damaged DNA), T100: sample incubated with 300 M H2O2 for 24 hours (induction of DNA fragmentation (100%)). Subsequently, half of T0 and T100 were mixed to obtain a proportion of 50% sperm with fragmented DNA (T50). The samples were analyzed with different techniques: Aniline Blue (AB), Toluidine Blue (TB), Acridine Orange (AO), Chromomycin A3 (CMA3) and Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD).Results: In the linear regression, all the techniques presented a significance level of less than 5%, as well as a significant correlation (r=0.962, P<0.01). However, between treatments, it was observed that the AO technique (34.82 31 ± 3.00%) at T50 and the AB technique (9.55 ± 1.45% at T100 were the least sensitive in detecting DNA damage compared to the other techniques.Limitations on study/implications: New techniques are increasingly. Findings/conclusions: The techniques that best evaluate the DNAFI of sperm in hair ram are CMA3, SCD and TB
Consumptive water use in pecan trees in the Hermosillo Coast
Get PDFObjective: To estimate the consumptive use of water for pecan trees (Carya illinoinensis).
Design/methodology/approach: In this study, the consumptive use of water for pecan trees was estimated by applying the water balance equation (Irrigation + rainfall-ETc=0).
Results: The results obtained from the 2020 to 2023 cycles show that an average irrigation depth of 1,365 mm should be irrigate per cycle, similar to the ETc estimated in situ by the Eddy Covariance Method.
Limitations on study/implications: Regional scope.
Findings/conclusions: The water balance is positive and shown a water surplus of 369 mm per cycle. This means that, considering only irrigation, savings of 147 mm per season could be achieved, representing an average of 1,470 m3 ha-1 per agricultural cycle, without causing water stress for pecan trees
Impact of Treated Wastewater Use on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soils and Sudan Grass Crops in the Mexicali Valley
Get PDFThis study investigated the impact of using treated wastewater on the accumulation of heavy metals in soils and sudan grass crops. The transfer rate of heavy metals from soil to Sudan grass was determined. The Sudan crop was established in two plots: one irrigated with fresh water from the Colorado River and the other with treated wastewater from the Las Arenitas treatment plant. Metals Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, and Cu were evaluated at two soil depths. Results showed that the concentration of metals in the treated wastewater is higher than in freshwater but within permissible limits. At a depth of 0-30 cm, the concentrations (mg/kg) of Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, and Cu in soils irrigated with fresh and treated wastewater were 24.59, 19.25, 0.61, 25.33, 26.70, and 31.78, 20.10, 28.31, 28.33, respectively. These values show significant differences in the concentration of Pb and Cd. Analysis of metals in the Sudan grass showed similar results for soils irrigated with both types of water, with Pb and Cd not detected. The transfer rate was less than one for all metals. These results indicate no contamination or toxicity risks when using treated wastewater in Sudan grass crops. However, continuous monitoring is necessary to prevent contamination risks. These findings provide a scientific basis for developing policies and strategies for sustainable water resource management in arid and semi-arid regions
Seed Quality Assessment of the Blue Corn Hybrid Vampiro H10 (Zea mays L.) Through Its Parental Genotypes
Get PDFObjective: To monitor the physical and physiological quality of the trilinear corn hybrid Vampiro H10 seeds through its parental genotypes and to rank the evaluated characteristics according to their importance for germination and seedling development.
Design/methodology: Using a completely randomized design with four replications (100 seeds), in parental genotypes of the hybrid Vampiro H10 seeds, it was evaluated their physical (width, thickness, length, volume, relative density, and width/length and thickness/length ratios) and physiological characteristics (normal and abnormal seedlings, inert seeds, and dry weight and length of plumule, radicle, and total). Seed germination was estimated by the proportion of normal seedlings produced. The results underwent analysis of variance, comparison of means (Tukey's test, P ≤ 0.05), and principal components analysis.
Results: Each cross involved in the formation of Vampiro H10 made different contributions to the seed characteristics. In the single cross, the physical dimensions and dry matter of the seedling were increased, and in the trilinear cross, the formation of normal seedlings, radicle elongation and biomass were favored. This indicated that the hybridization sequence first affected the dimensions and then the physiological quality of the seed.
Limitations of the study: No limitations were presented for the present study.
Conclusions: An increase in volume, weight and length of seed was observed in the single cross and an increase in germination and seedling development in length and biomass was observed in the trilinear cross
Assessing sustainability in Puebla’s artisanal mezcal production: Insights from a composite indicator approach
Get PDFObjective: To assess the sustainability of the artisanal mezcal production system in the state of Puebla using composite indicators.
Methodology: A sample of 42 producers and their artisanal mezcal production facilities, known as palenques were selected using the snowball sampling method. Data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA), multivariate analysis, and regression analysis. The SAFA framework (Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture) guided the selection of 17 indicators grouped into the economic, social, and environmental dimensions, to derive a Composite Sustainability Index (CSI) of each mezcal production unit. Analysis was conducted for the entire sample and clusters generated through cluster analysis.
Result: The average CSI for artisanal mezcal production (and its standard deviation) was 0.45 (0.2033), comprising economic (0.596, 0.2366), social (0.398, 0.2161), and environmental (0.437, 0.196) dimensions. ANOVA revealed significant differences in CSI between groups. The highest value of the CSI was obtained in the group of high-scale producers (0.539), followed by medium-scale (0.427), and low scale producers (0.393).
Conclusions: Artisanal production systems demonstrate low sustainability levels, impacted by limited training, excessive agave usage, and minimal recycling practices for inputs
Induction of shoot development of Stevia rebaudiana Morita II by vitamins and cysteine
Get PDFABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of B vitamins and cysteine on the formation and development of shoots of Stevia rebaudiana Morita II, without the addition of plant growth regulators.
Design/methodology/approach: The starting material was nodal segments, using eight treatments of different vitamins, the results were analyzed with a comparison of means and a Tukey test to show statistical differences.
Results: The best treatment was number two with an average of 7.5 shoots/explant, showing that it is efficient for multiplication; In the case of explant elongation, treatment five turned out to be the most efficient.
Limitations of the study/implications: The implications of the study are to obtain a multiplication protocol with better efficiency; within the limitations of this work is its transfer to temporary immersion bioreactors.
Findings/conclusions: Thiamin and cysteine are two organic compounds that induce multiple sprouting, while nicotinic acid and pyridoxine stimulate the elongation of Stevia explants, taking another step to transfer this knowledge to grassroots companies technological.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of B vitamins and cysteine on the formation and development of shoots in Stevia rebaudiana (S. rebaudiana) Morita II, without the addition of plant growth regulators.
Design/methodology/approach: The starting material consisted of nodal segments, subjected to eight different vitamin treatments. The results were analyzed using mean comparisons and Tukey's test to identify statistical differences.
Results: The most effective treatment was treatment number two, which yielded an average of 7.5 shoots per explant, demonstrating its efficiency for multiplication. For explant elongation, treatment five proved to be the most effective.
Limitations of the study/implications: This study aims to establish a multiplication protocol with enhanced efficiency; however, a limitation is the transferability of the results to temporary immersion bioreactors.
Findings/conclusions: Thiamine and cysteine are two organic compounds that induce multiple sprouting, while nicotinic acid and pyridoxine promote the elongation of Stevia explants. This research represents a significant step towards transferring this knowledge to grassroots technological enterprises