Revista Agro Productividad
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Yield, quality, and phytochemicals of two strawberry cultivars in response to foliar calcium nanofertilization
Get PDFABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the foliar application of Calcium (Ca2+) nanofertilizer on the yield, fruit quality, total phytochemicals and capacity of two strawberry cultivars 'Monterrey' and 'Albion' of fragaria x annanassa Duch.
Design/methodology/approach: Three foliar calcium treatments were established (two commercial foliar fertilizers, one nanofertilizer). The doses used were 2.5, 5 and 7 mEq/L and were applied at the stages of beginning of flowering, full flowering, end of flowering, fruit setting and active production. The design of the experiment was randomized blocks in four repetitions, each repetition consisted of one square meter; equivalent to 16 plants. An analysis of variance was performed and the Tukey test at 5% was applied for comparison of means.
Results: The results indicate that doses of 2.5 mEq/L for the 'Monterrey' cultivar and 5 mEq/L for the 'Albion' cultivar favored the increase in total phenolics, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity and the highest performance by obtaining 13.00 kg/m2 and 12.59 kg/m2 respectively.
Findings/conclusions: Which indicates that the use of nano-calcium as a foliar fertilizer could be a competent tool that helps improve the bioactive compounds of strawberry fruits and yields.Objective: to evaluate the foliar application of Calcium (Ca2+) nanofertilizer on the yield, fruit quality, total phytochemicals and capacity of two strawberry cultivars 'Monterrey' and 'Albion' of Fragaria x annanassa Duch.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach: three foliar calcium treatments were established (two commercial foliar fertilizers, one nanofertilizer). The doses used were 2.5, 5 and 7 mEq L-1 and were applied at the stages of beginning of flowering, full flowering, end of flowering, fruit setting and full production. The design of the experiment was randomized blocks in four replicates, each replicate consisted of a 1 m2 area, with 16 plants. An analysis of variance was performed and the Tukey´s test (p≤0.05) was applied for comparison of means.
Results: the results indicated that doses of 2.5 mEq L-1 for the 'Monterrey' cultivar and 5 mEq L-1 for the 'Albion' cultivar favored increases in total phenols, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity and higher yields, by obtaining 13 kg m-2 and 12.59 kg m-2 from those cultivars, respectively.
Findings/ Conclusions: this indicates that the use of nano-calcium as a foliar fertilizer could be a suitable alternative that helps improving the bioactive compounds and yields of strawberry fruits
Characterization of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) production system in the Zacatecas, Mexico.
Get PDFObjective: Characterize the tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) production system in the state of Zacatecas.
Methodology: The study was carried out in the UPAs of the state of Zacatecas, through a cross-sectional design, qualitative-quantitative method, the instrument was a questionnaire and the sampling was non-probabilistic.
Results: Tilapia cultivation is carried out in different types of ponds where, on average, 2,340 organisms are planted per pond, and they produce 5,705.88 kg*year-1, with a sale price of 116.47 pesos kg-1 of fresh gutted fish at the farm gate. Production costs are primarily associated with concentrated feed and electrical energy. Regarding the financial characteristics analyzed, APUs are categorized into four types of production: basic, as a complementary activity with limited economic resources; pre-intermediate, characterized by basic infrastructure and managed by adult aquaculturists (49-55 years old); Intermediate, full-time dedication with average profitability; and high-intermediate, with optimal infrastructure and activity managed by adult aquaculturists aged 30-55 years with a propensity to adopt technological innovation in aquaculture.
Limitations/ Study Implications: No major limitations were identified.
Conclusions: In general, aquaculturists perceive stagnation in their activity due to lack of promotion, production scheduling, and insecurity. It is necessary to develop an inter-institutional strategy where universities, research institutions, and government agencies participate to promote elements of policy, financing, and training.
Volatile organic compounds in the habitat of the escamolera ant (Liometopum apiculatum Mayr) in Zacatecas, Mexico
Get PDFVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) take part in the biological processes of insects; however, these compounds have not been determined for genus Liometopum. The objective of this study was to identify the variability of the VOCs found in the Liometopum apiculatum habitat during the exploitation season. During the 2017 preseason and season, 35 air samples were collected from the nests of five L. apiculatum colonies established in crassicaule scrub vegetation; additionally, another 35 samples were taken from their foraging sites. Using a gas chromatograph with an electronic nose detector, the VOCs were identified with the Kovats index. In addition, a principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to evaluate the intensity variability per season. Fourty-eight VOCs were identified in the L. apiculatum habitat. The most significant VOCs included: saturated hydrocarbon (17%), aldehydes (17%), alcohols (15%), and esters (10%). PCA accounted for 79.5% (PC1=53.8 and PC2=25.7) of the intensity variability of the VOCs in the habitat between seasons. The escamol season was characterized by the 3-methyl-3-sulfonyl butan-1-ol, 2-Methylbutanoic acid, and trimethylamine. This profile of the VOCs in the L. apiculatum habitat is a pioneer work and has future implications for the conservation and sustainable exploitation of the escamolera ant
Infiltration in three soil management for soybean growing under rainfed agriculture
Get PDFObjective: To study infiltration parameters (infiltration rate, cumulative infiltration, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and sorptivity), on the basis of three soil management treatments (subsoiling, ploughing, and harrowing), for soybean (Glycine max) growing, under rainfed agriculture, during three discontinuous years (2020, 2022, and 2023).
Design/Methodology/Approach: The experiment was carried out in the region of Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico. Each treatment was established in 0.50 ha, with independent plots. Two infiltration tests were made per treatment in 2020 and 2023, using cylindrical infiltrometers for 450 minutes in average. During 2020, 2.0 m × 1.50 m soil profiles were made at a depth of 1.50 m to detect the plough layer. Based on this information, the subsoiling depth (0.70 m) was planned. Additionally, three soil samples were extracted at depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm to analyze their physical and chemical properties.
Results: Based on their physical properties, texture, organic matter, and soil conditions, the initial moisture and infiltration parameters (2020) were calculated to compare them with the final results (2023).
Findings/Conclusions The following infiltration parameters had a marked variability in the subsoiling, ploughing, and harrowing soil management systems, for soybean growing under rainfed agriculture: infiltration rate, cumulative infiltration, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and sorptivity. Infiltration parameters were higher with subsoiling than with the ploughing and harrowing systems
Moth trapping of males using Diatraea spp. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae in sugarcane plantations
Get PDFObjective: To standardize the method of attraction-capture of male moths with Diatraea pupae in Delta traps.
Design/methodology/approach: The treatments were: 2 female pupae (T1), 3 female pupae (T2) and 2 female pupae and 1 female adult (T3), placed in Delta traps. The response variable was the number of male moth captures per trap. ANOVA and comparison of means (Tukey, p≤0.05) were performed.
Results: Significant differences were observed between treatments (p≤0.05), T3 with respect to T1 and T2, where it was observed that T3 had the lowest number captured with 0.94 adults/trap from May to July 2022. It was also observed that the highest abundance of Diatraea moths was recorded in June with a capture of 3.05 adults/trap, although T1 had the highest capture with 4.16.
Limitations on study/implications: The use of commercial pheromones has been established as a method of capture-presence and stem borer moth trapping. In recent years, no favorable results have been observed with the use of pheromones on D. saccharalis, D. grandiosella and D. considerata species with Delta traps. This could be indicative of another species of Diatraea.
Findings/conclusions: The use of two Diatraea pupae per trap allows the attraction of male moths. This would help in the detection and regulation of moths, with the aim of interrupting the life cycle.
Key words: sex pheromones, pest and stem borer.Objective: To standardize the moth trapping method through the use of Delta traps with Diatraea pupae to lure males.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The following lure types were placed inside Delta traps: two female pupae (T1), three female pupae (T2), and two female pupae with one adult female (T3). The response variable was the number of male moths captured per trap. An analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (p≤0.05) were performed.
Results: Statistical differences (p≤0.05) were observed between T3 and T1/T2: T3 trapped the lowest number of specimens (0.94 adults/trap) from May to July 2022. Likewise, June recorded the highest abundance of Diatraea moths (3.05 adults/trap). Nevertheless, T1 captured the highest number of specimens (4.16).
Study Limitations/Implications: The use of commercial pheromones has been established as a useful moth trapping method in the case of stem borers. In recent years, no favorable results have been observed with the use of pheromones of the D. saccharalis, D. grandiosella, and D. considerata species in Delta traps. These findings could be indicative of the presence of another Diatraea species.
Findings/Conclusions: The use of two Diatraea pupae per trap attracts male moths. This method would help to detect and regulate moths, with the aim of interrupting their life cycl
Technological status of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill.) fermentation to increase the protein value of its fodder
Get PDFObjective: To know the state of the art and the technique of the application of the fermentation process to increase the protein value of nopal for forage, at three technological levels.
Design/methodology/approach: The technological parameters were characterized and the level of mechanization of three fermentation equipment used for increase the protein value of nopal for forage.
For the characterization and analysis, a technical description of parameters was carried out to know the technical development and degree of mechanization at each technological level, obtaining quantitative and qualitative indicators from mathematical expressions and equations, to obtain the conceptual technical analysis.
Results: The results of the analysis of parameters according to the quantitative indicators, determine a limited technological level in the fermentation technology, giving the opportunity for technical improvements to the parameters within the fermentation process.
Findings/conclusions: fermentation technology allows significant savings in the use of resources such as: water, soil and fertilizer, and is an alternative for forage production and food security for livestock in the semi-arid of Mexico.Objective: To analyze the state-of-the-art technology and the application of the fermentation process, in order to increase the protein value of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica), as a source of fodder, in three technological levels.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The technological parameters and mechanization level of three fermenters —employed to increase the protein value of prickly pear fodder— were characterized. The conceptual technical analysis was determined through quantitative and qualitative indicators, based on mathematical expressions and equations.
Results: Quantitative indicators showed a fermentation technology with limited efficiency, which provides an opportunity for technical improvements.
Findings/Conclusions: The application of fermentation technology results in significant savings in water, soil, and fertilizer resources. Furthermore, it provides an alternative for fodder production and food security for livestock in the semi-arid region of Mexico
Scientific research on exotic and native mollusk farming in Mexico ac-cording to SCOPUS
Get PDFObjective: The objective of this study was to evaluate scientific productivity in this field through the database deposited in SCOPUS for Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: The genera and species of mollusks, currently cultivated or with cultivation potential, marine and freshwater, native and exotic, that have been studied are identified. The SCOPUS search was performed using the scientific name of the corresponding species in the publication title. The number of publications, the institutions that generated them, the SCOPUS theme of the study and the research funders were obtained. Results: There is an uneven growth, with a greater focus on abalone and octopus, while the genus Crassostrea, particularly the species C. gigas, leads the production of scientific articles. CIBNOR and IPN are the most relevant institutions in scientific production in molluscan aquaculture in Mexico. Limitations on study/implications: Despite the interest, advances in areas such as physiology, nutrition and reproduction have not been translated into efficient culture technologies in most cases. Findings/conclusions: These findings highlight the need to promote research and technological development in the aquaculture of native mollusks in Mexico, as well as to promote collaboration between academic research institutions and the production sector to overcome the challenges in the culture of these specie
Effects of Thinning on the Diversity, Composition, and Spatial Structure in a Mixed Temperate Forest
Get PDFstructure in a temperate mixed forest.
Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected in a 1 ha research plot. Five scenarios were evaluated through computer simulations: no thinning (T1), thinning with removal of 25% of basal area (Gha-1), (T2), thinning with removal of 25% of Gha-1 (T3), thinning with removal of 45% of Gha-1 (T4), and thinning with removal of 70% of Gha-1 (T5). The importance value index, alpha diversity, Pretzsch's A index and structural complexity index were estimated. A spatial distribution analysis was performed using the pair-correlation function g(r).
Results: Pinus douglasiana and Quercus resinosa were the species of highest ecological value. Due to the removal effect, no significant changes in tree diversity were observed in the applied thinning scenarios. However, as thinning became more intense, at least one species (Quercus candicans) was lost. Thinning from below affected the oaks and thinning from above affected the pine species, which is also reflected in the spatial distribution of the remaining trees.
Limitations on study/implications: The analysis is static; therefore, it is recommended that a long-term study be conducted under varying ecological conditions.
Findings/conclusions: The effect of thinning on forest diversity, composition and structure depends on the type of thinning, condition of the structure, initial composition and intensity of removal. Thinning of less than 25% of the basal area, in the immediacy, allows timber harvesting without generating changes in the diversity, structure and composition of the temperate mixed forest under study
Physico-chemical properties of the soil and effect of chemical fertilizers on the nutritional quality of ayocote runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.)
Get PDFAyocote runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) is a pulse native to the temperate areas of Mexico. A high bean yield can be obtained through the proper combination of variety, environment, and agronomical practices.
Objective: To determine the physico-chemical properties of the soil, as well as the effect of six chemical fertilizer formulas applied in the field on the soluble carbohydrate and protein content of ayocote runner beans in three municipalities of Puebla.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Twenty representative pods were collected per site where each fertilizer formula was applied. One-hundred seeds were ground to quantify in triplicate the soluble carbohydrate and protein content. Soil samples were subjected to a granulometry process prior to their chemical analysis. The ANOVA and mean test procedures of the SAS software were used for the statistical analysis of the information.
Results: Ayocote runner bean samples recorded the best physical and nutritional properties in Calpan, where the soil had remarkable physical and bio-chemical properties at a depth of 20-40 cm. The best nutritional characteristics in seeds were recorded with the 80-60 N-P kg per hectare formula.
Study Limitations/Implications: More sites should be studied to assess with greater accuracy the environmental effect.
Findings/Conclusions: Evaluation environments recorded variations in soil texture and the nutrient and organic matter content required for plant nutrition. Fertilizer formulas with high N and P contents favor the protein and soluble carbohydrate content, consequently improving the nutritional quality of the seeds
Dynamic stochastic model of allometric equations and cumulative distribution for biomass-carbon in Pinus hartwegii Lindl., facing climate change
Get PDFObjective: to construct a dynamic stochastic model with validated biospheric-interaction, estimating allometric equations for the total volumetric increase and cumulative distribution of biomass for Pinus hartwegii Lindl in the states of Mexico and Puebla, considering climate change.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach: the methodology included the use of SiBiFor numerical databases, NASA Power data, Ordinary Least Squares mathematical models, the Random-Forest software, Ridge model with regression, R algorithms and Newton volumetric estimation equations.
Results: estimated allometric equations were obtained for the total volume of trees in 2023, highlighting the importance of linear regression models and the validity of the variables used. Newton's mathematical equations and theoretical models for excurrent tree-form types were found to have the best accuracy in estimating the total volume of the barked tree.
Limitations of the study/ Implications: this study has limitations in terms of generalization to other forest types and the availability of data in Mexico. However, it highlights the importance of understanding forest responses to environmental changes and the need for validated dynamic stochastic models to estimate allometric equations and assess carbon sequestration.
Findings/ Conclusions: this study highlights the importance of understanding and assessing the carbon storage capacity of forests, especially in the context of climate change. In addition, it underlines the usefulness of linear regression models and variable validation to estimate carbon sequestration in Pinus hartwegii forests