Revista Agro Productividad
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Thermal sum in the determination of the phenological stages of Chihuahua and Cuauhtémoc oats in Güémez Tamaulipas
Get PDFObjective: To determine the thermal sum requirements in degrees days of development (GDD) of the varieties of Avena sativa, Cuauhtémoc and Chihuahua by phenological stage and its effect on the accumulation of total forage and by morphological component in Güémez, Tamaulipas.
Design/methodology/approach: The sowing was carried out in plots of 6×6 m and four repetitions of the Cuauhtémoc and Chihuahua varieties through the mechanized preparation of the land, with doses of 120 kg ha-1 of seed and, subsequently, irrigation and fertilization work was carried out. The treatments were made up of the two varieties and six phenological stages (Zadoks scale: Z2, Z3, Z4, Z7, Z8, Z9) in a random complete block design.
Results: It was found that, the months of November to March allow to obtain 1923.5 and 1831.5 GDD as a requirement of the crop to complete the biological cycle of the Chihuahua and Cuauhtémoc varieties. Yields by morphological component depended on the observed phenological stage and the highest leaf yield was obtained with 2.7 and 3.6 t ha-1 in Cuauhtémoc and Chihuahua, respectively (P<0.05) in stage Z3, with an accumulation of 1032 and 980 GDD in the stem elongation stage.
Limitations on study/implications: These results are applicable only for the evaluation area, because they are physiological responses where the environment intervenes.
Findings/conclusions: In Güémez, Tamaulipas, the Chihuahua oat variety requires 1923.5 GDD to complete the biological cycle, while Cuauhtémoc 1831.5 GDD. The difference between the thermal accumulation of the varieties and the phenological stages has an impact on the total forage yield and by morphological component
Meat production and quality of rabbits fed different diets and a biological activator
Get PDFObjective: Evaluate the effect of four diets on the productive performance of rabbits, carcass yields, meat color and pH.
Design/methodology/approach: Thirty-two California breed rabbits were randomly assigned to each of the following diets: “commercial feed” alone; “commercial feed + biological-activator”; “alfalfa forage + biological activator” and “integral feed + biological-activator”. In the animals were evaluated: daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion (FC), daily feed intake (DFI), body weight (BW), empty body weight (EBW) and carcass yields. In the meat were determined: pH, luminosity, red color and yellow color. Means were compared using the Duncan test (α = 0.05).
Results: The commercial feed diets showed (P < 0.05) higher DWG, DFI, BW and EBW than he other diets. The “commercial feed + biological-activator” diet produced (P < 0.05) in general, higher carcass weights and yields than the alfalfa-based diet, which produced (P < 0.05) a higher pH and yellow color in the meat than the “commercial feed alone” diet.
Study Limitations/Implications: The feeding of the rabbits by adding the biological-activator improves the performance, the color of the meat and the pH.
Findings/conclusions: to add the biological-activator into the commercial feed improves the yield of empty body weight; to add it into the alfalfa forage and compare it with the commercial feed (alone or with activator) improves both the color of meat (making it more yellow) and the pH (making it higher)
Reaction of inbred lines of habanero hot pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) to inoculation of Fusarium oxysporum
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the reaction of five inbred lines of habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) To the inoculation of Fusarium oxisporum and to identify genotypes with possible levels of resistance to this pathogen.
Design/methodology/approach: Samples of stems of chili plants with typical symptoms of vascular wilting disease were obtained, due to their morphological characteristics of mycelium and conidia at the microscopic level it was identified as Fusarium oxisporum. By immersion of roots, at a concentration of 1x106 conidia per ml, five inoculated lines of habanero pepper were inoculated, in addition to the serrano-type cultivar Criollo de Morelos 334 (CM-334). The percentage disease index and the Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) were estimated in a randomized complete block design, with three repetitions.
Results: Significant differences (p?0.05) were observed for disease index and ABCPE in the evaluated genotypes, evidencing the existing difference in the genetic base of the genotypes and the resistance or susceptibility to Fusarium oxisporum. The cultivar CM-334, the Habanero 5 and Habanero 8 lines presented the lowest percentage of incidence of the disease (10, 20 and 30%, respectively) and ABCPE of 300, 560 and 880. In turn, the Habanero 9 and Habanero 6 lines presented the highest ABCPE values with 2220 and 2190, respectively.
Limitations on study/implications: The disease resistance response in plants is complex and contains multiple interactions between genes, proteins, and metabolites.
Findings/conclusions: The grouping of genotypes based on their reaction to Fusarium wilt disease facilitated the identification of resistant and susceptible lines, which can be considered in subsequent genetic improvement works for the cultivation of chili.Objective: To evaluate the reaction of five inbred lines of habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) to the inoculation of Fusarium oxisporum and to identify genotypes with possible levels of resistance to this pathogen.
Design/methodology/approach: Samples of hot pepper plant stems with typical symptoms of vascular wilt disease were obtained. Then, due to microscopic morphological characteristics of mycelium and conidia in the samples, patogen was identified as Fusarium oxisporum. By immersion of roots, at a concentration of 1x106 conidia per mL, five inbred lines of habanero pepper were inoculated. In addition to the serrano type cultivar Criollo de Morelos 334 (CM-334). The percentage disease index and area under the disease progress curve (ABCPE) were estimated in a randomized complete block design, with three replicates.
Results: Significant differences (p≤0.05) were observed for disease index and ABCPE in the genotypes evaluated; evidencing the difference in the genetic basis of the genotypes and the resistance or susceptibility to Fusarium oxisporum. The CM-334 cultivar, the Habanero 5 and Habanero 8 lines showed the lowest percentage of incidence of the disease (10, 20 and 30%, respectively) and ABCPE of 300, 560 and 880. In turn, lines Habanero 9 and Habanero 6 reached the highest ABCPE values with 2220 and 2190, respectively.
Study limitations/implications: The disease resistance response in plants is complex and contains multiple interactions between genes, proteins, and metabolites.
Findings/conclusions: The grouping of genotypes according to their reaction to Fusarium wilt disease facilitated the identification of resistant and susceptible lines, which can be considered in subsequent genetic improvement studies for hot pepper cultivation
Technology use and profitability analysis of the production system of tejocote (Crataegus spp.) in Sierra Nevada, Puebla
Get PDFABSTRACT
Objective. The objective of this research was to analyze use of agricultural technology and profitability of the tejocote production system and its explanatory factors, in order to identify actions to increase the fruit growers income.
Methodology. Two patterns were used (producers that carry out good phytosanitary practices and producers that export). A stratified sample of 90 fruit growers was obtained with 95% reliability and 10% precision. Subsequently, a survey was carried out, and with the data the profitability of tejocote production was calculated. In addition, the explanatory factors of profitability were identified using a multiple regression model.
Results. Profitability, measured with the Benefit-Cost indicator, ranged from 0.13 to 2.38, and an average of 0.84. In the scenario of not accounting for family labor and depreciation of infrastructure, a Benefit-Cost Ratio is achieved from 0.35 to 6.37, with an average of 1.90. The use of technology, measured by the technological index (IT) in the cultivation of tejocote, it was significant to improve profitability. The average profitability of the high IT stratum is different from the average profitability of the medium and low IT strata. In addition, the explanatory factors of profitability that shows significant (p≤0.05) were the technological index, phytosanitary control, training, schooling and size of the plantation.
Limitations. Most producers do not keep a record of production activities and costs. Likewise, in the analysis of economic profitability it is difficult to assess indirect benefits, intangible benefits and externalities.
Conclusions. It was found that the tejocote activity is profitable for producers who use more technology and have a greater number of trees in production. The variables that most impact profitability were the use of technology, fitosanitary, the size of the plantation and training.
Objective: The objective of this research was to analyze the use of agricultural technology and the profitability of the tejocote (Crataegus spp.) production system and its explanatory factors, in order to identify actions to increase the income of fruit growers.
Design/methodology/approach: Two patterns were used (producers who carry out good phytosanitary practices and producers who export). A stratified sample of 90 fruit growers was obtained, with 95% reliability and 10% accuracy. Subsequently, a survey was carried out and the profitability of tejocote production was calculated with the data. In addition, the explanatory factors of profitability were identified using a multiple regression model.
Results: Profitability, measured with the Benefit-Cost indicator, ranged from 0.13 to 2.38, and an average of 0.84. In the scenario of not accounting for family labor or depreciation of infrastructure, a Benefit-Cost Ratio from 0.35 to 6.37 is achieved, with an average of 1.90. The use of technology, measured by the technological index (TI) in the cultivation of tejocote was significant to improve profitability. The average profitability of the high TI stratum is different from the average profitability of the medium and low TI strata. In addition, the explanatory factors of profitability that were significant (p≤0.05) were technological index, phytosanitary control, training, schooling and size of the plantation.
Study limitations: Most producers do not keep a record of production activities and costs. Likewise, in the analysis of economic profitability it is difficult to assess indirect benefits, intangible benefits and externalities.
Findings/Conclusions: It was found that the tejocote activity is profitable for producers who use more technology and have a greater number of trees in production. The variables that most impact profitability were use of technology, phytosanitary control, size of the plantation, and training
Profitability and comparative advantage: Analysis of strawberry production in Michoacán, Mexico
Get PDFThe production of berries is an issue that has become relevant over time due to the increase in the popularity of this berry, every day its use extends to more markets, the fact that its production requires specific geographical conditions and specific care , restricts the amount of supply in the international market, due to this it is noteworthy that in Michoacán it presents the appropriate characteristics for planting and harvesting. Therefore, the objective of this work is to determine the profitability and comparative advantage of Mexican strawberry production in Michoacán for the year 2021, through the Policy Analysis Matrix (MAP). Among the main conclusions, it stands out that With a value of 0.14 and a value of 0.37, it can be deduced that strawberry production is a competitive activity with an advantage for Michoacán producers.The production of berries is an issue that has become relevant over time due to the increase in the popularity of these fruits; its use extends every day to more markets, and the fact that its production requires specific geographical conditions and specific care restricts the amount of supply in the international market. Therefore, it is noteworthy that the state of Michoacán presents the appropriate characteristics for planting and harvesting berries. Because of this, the objective of this study is to determine the profitability and comparative advantage of Mexican strawberry production in Michoacán for the year 2021, through the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). A limitation to the study is the period of time selected in this case, which corresponds to the year 2021. Among the main conclusions, it stands out that with a value of 0.14 and a value of 0.37, it can be deduced that strawberry production is a competitive activity with an advantage for Michoacán producers
“Growth regulators in the rooting of sun poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch, Allg. Gartenzeitung) Valenciana variety”
Get PDFABSTRACT
Objective: To improve the asexual propagation of the sun poinsettia Valenciana variety using growth regulators and monitoring the position of the buds on the stem.
Methodology: We compared root length, shoot length, and the number of roots, shoots, and leaves between control plants and plants with five different concentrations of three growth regulators (indole butyric acid, naphthaleneacetic acid, and gibberellic acid). We also evaluated the effect of the position of the axillary or vegetative buds on the stem on the same parameters. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and multiple comparisons of means.
Results: The treatments with the highest root length, shoot length, and number of roots, nodes, and leaves were 2 A (AIB 200 mg L-1, basal part), 3 A (AIB 300 mg L-1, basal part), and 3 B (AIB mg L-1, intermediate part).
Implications: This work helps solve a technical issue of sun poinsettia production in Mexico.
Conclusions: The application of indolbutyric acid at concentrations of 200 mg L-1 and 300 mg L-1 in stem cuttings of the intermediate and base promotes increased root and aerial development.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: Mejorar la propagación asexual de la nochebuena de sol, variedad Valenciana mediante el uso de reguladores de crecimiento y la posición de las yemas en el tallo.
Metodología: Se realizó un experimento con un testigo y cinco tratamientos con diferentes concentraciones de tres reguladores de crecimiento (ácido indolbutírico, ácido naftalenoacético y ácido giberélico) y la posición de las yemas axilares o vegetativas en el tallo. Se evaluó el número de raíces, la longitud de las raíces, el número de nudos, la longitud de los brotes y el número de hojas. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron mediante análisis de varianza y se realizaron comparaciones múltiples de medias.
Resultados: Los tratamientos con mayor número y longitud de raíces, así como longitud de brotes, número de nudos y hojas fueron 2A (AIB 200 mg L-1, parte basal), 3A (AIB 300 mg L-1, parte basal) y 3B (AIB mg L-1, parte intermedia).
Implicaciones: Este trabajo contribuye a la resolución de un problema técnico de los productores de nochebuena de sol en México.
Conclusiones: La aplicación de ácido indolbutírico a concentraciones de 200 mg L-1 y 300 mg L-1 en esquejes de tallo de la parte intermedia y de la base, promueve un mayor desarrollo radicular y aéreo.Objective: To improve the asexual propagation of the sun poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) Valenciana variety using growth regulators and monitoring the position of the buds on the stem.
Methodology: We compared root length, shoot length, and the number of roots, shoots, and leaves between control plants and plants with five different concentrations of three growth regulators (indole butyric acid, naphthaleneacetic acid, and gibberellic acid). We also evaluated the effect of the position of the axillary or vegetative buds on the stem on the same parameters. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and multiple comparisons of means.
Results: The treatments with the highest root length, shoot length, and number of roots, nodes, and leaves were 2 A (AIB 200 mg L-1, basal part), 3 A (AIB 300 mg L-1, basal part), and 3 B (AIB mg L-1, intermediate part).
Implications: This work helps solve a technical issue of sun poinsettia production in Mexico.
Conclusions: The application of indolbutyric acid at concentrations of 200 mg L-1 and 300 mg L-1 in stem cuttings of the intermediate and base promotes increased root and aerial development
Evaluation of three commercial feeds for the farming of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica Temminck y Schlegel)
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate during the raising of quail three brands of food, with different nutritional content, enzyme cocktails, particle size and presentation, in the variables of production, weight and length of organs, height of intestinal villi and cost of quail.
Design/Methodology/Aproach: 300 mixed side dishes were used, three commercial starter foods of different brands (A, B and C) were evaluated. The response variables evaluated were food consumed (AC), total food consumed (ACT), live weight (PV), weight gain (GP), total weight gain (GPT), feed conversion (CA), total feed conversion (CAT) and mortality (MO), length and weight of organs, as well as the size of the intestinal villi and the cost of the quail (CC). An analysis of variance was performed using the SAS GLM procedure.
Results: From week three the birds were sexed and the lowest AC and best AC (p<0.05) was for treatment A in both sexes. Carcass yield was not affected by treatments (p>0.05); the longest and heaviest proventriculus and gizzard (p<0.05) were for treatment B. Regarding the villi, it was found that the enzymes favored (p<0.05) their size.
Limitations/Implications: The study shows that the size of the intestinal villi will be influenced by the type of enzymes that are used, the concentrations or the combinations of these.
Findings/Conclusion: It is concluded that the presentation of the food influences the consumption of food. Enzyme cocktails improve the size of the intestinal villi.Objective: To evaluate, for the farming of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) three brands of feed, with different nutritional content, enzyme complexes, particle size and presentation, in the variables of production, weight and length of organs, height of intestinal villi and cost per quail.
Design/Methodology/Approach: 300 young birds of both sexes were used; three commercial starter feeds of different brands (A, B and C) were evaluated. The response variables evaluated were feed consumed (AC), total feed consumed (ACT), live weight (PV), weight gain (GP), total weight gain (GPT), feed conversion (CA), total feed conversion (CAT), carcass yield, length, and weight of organs, as well as the size of the intestinal villi and the cost of the quail (CC). An analysis of variance was performed using the SAS® GLM procedure.
Results: From week three the birds were classified by sex, and the lowest AC and best CA (p < 0.05) was obtained with treatment A in both sexes. Carcass yield was not affected by treatments (p>0.05); the longest and heaviest proventriculus and gizzard (p < 0.05) were for treatment B. Regarding the villi, it was found that the enzymes favored (p<0.05) their size.
Limitations/Implications: The study showed that the size of the intestinal villi is influenced by the type of enzymes that are used, as well as by their concentrations or combinations.
Findings/Conclusion: It is concluded that feed presentation influences the consumption of feed. Enzyme complexes improve the size of the intestinal villi
Flowering of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch var Valenciana under blue and red LED light
Get PDFObjective: To determine the effect of blue light (BL) and red light (RL), applied five hours at the end of the day (AED) and that of temperature, on the flowering of Euphorbia pulcherrima var Valenciana.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Three groups of plants were established under greenhouse conditions, all received sunlight (SL), AED one was under BL (460 nm) and another under RL (660 nm) with a photosynthetically active photon flux of 440 µmol m-2 s-1 and 550 µmol m-2 s-1 respectively; from the beginning of the experiment until 144 d later. In a second flowering cycle, residual effects of the treatments were evaluated.
Results: In the first flowering cycle, the appearance of cyathia and bract pigmentation under BL occurred on average at 177.5 d after initiation of the treatments, and under RL at 178 d. Compared to the application of SL alone (138 d) the process was delayed, on average 39 and 40 d, under BL and RL, respectively. No residual effects of the treatments on flowering were recorded.
Limitations on study/implications: It is necessary to evaluate other levels of temperature below and above the ones reported in this study, and also to increase and decrease the photoperiod.
Findings/conclusions: The prolonged delay in flowering can be attributed not only to the quality and intensity of light, but also to the photoperiod and the daytime temperature above that documented for flower initiation in var Valenciana
Optimization of the composting process of sugarcane filter-pressed mud in the Santa Rosalia sugar mill, Tabasco, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: To optimize the composting process of sugarcane filter-pressed mud, straw, and ash as an alternative to reduce the environmental contamination of sugarcane cultivation in the Santa Rosalía sugar mill (Ingenio Santa Rosalía) of Chontalpa, Tabasco, Mexico.Design/Methodology/Approach: A completely randomized experimental design in a factorial arrangement was used, with compost mixtures and the aeration times as study factors. Ten treatments were generated with six repetitions each. The study variables were pH, organic matter (%), and nitrate (NO 3 - ) and ammonium (NH 4 + ) content.Results: The compost mixture factor had significant effects on compost quality parameters. Aeration times did not affect the quality of the different compost mixtures. Chemical characteristics of pH and organic matter did not present differences between the treatments.
Study Limitations/Implications: The use of industrial sugarcane residues generates quality organic fertilizers through the composting process; therefore, it is necessary to test more residues, such as molasses and vinasses.Findings/Conclusions: The 100% sugarcane filter-pressed mud and the 100% sugarcane filter-pressed mud + 0.5% N treatments presented the highest amount of NO 3 - and NH 4 + and were therefore considered the best treatments. All treatments were classified as mature composts, rich in organic matter, with alkaline pH, and made ofsteady materials
Housing economic valuation in the metropolitan area of Puebla, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: The purpose of this research was to identify the sale value of homes in the metropolitan area of the city of Puebla, using the hedonic price technique to determine a model that takes into consideration relevant variables that explain the housing prices.Methodology: An overall problem is land mismanagement. The location of the homes can affect their price. A hedonic price model helps to determine the relative importance of the variables in the final price. This information provides an initial perspective to the people who are interested in acquiring a home in the study area. The model was built based on the information collected from 182 properties and it was analyzed using theSPSS software version 28.0.0.0.Results: The most significant variables that determine housing prices, which presented a multiple valuation coefficient of 64.3%. The effect of the variables on the housing value was determined by means of elasticities.Study Limitations: There were no limitations for this report.Conclusions: The following variables were significant: new home, number of bathrooms, built‐up area, private security, distance to the downtown of Puebla, and distance to a park