Revista Agro Productividad
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In vitro biogas production and degradations of sheep diets containing Crotalaria or Chipile at two different regrowth ages
Get PDFObjective: To determine in vitro the biogas production and fermentative characteristics of diets for fattening lambs containing 20% chipile or crotalaria with 30 or 40 d of regrowth.
Methodology: The treatments were whole diets containing 20% crotalaria with 30 d (T1) or 40 d of regrowth (T2), as well as 20% chipile with 30 d (T3) or 40 d of regrowth (T4). In vitro gas production was measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h; kinetic estimators (A, b, k), dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDFD) and acid detergent fiber (ADFD) degradation, metabolizable energy (ME) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The experimental design was completely randomized.
Results: In the accumulated biogas production, T4 presented higher production from 2 to 24 h; T3 and T4 higher at 48 h and T1 higher at 72 h. The kinetic estimators showed that T1 was higher in A and k and T4 was higher in b. T2 presented the lowest DMD, OMD, NDFD, ADFD, ME and SCFA. Limitations of the study: Chipile scale production is limited to produce more biomass, as it is not yet domesticated
Conclusions: Sheep diets containing 20% chipile or crotalaria with 30 d of regrowth were shown to be an alternative in the elaboration of whole-grain diets for intensive fattening of lambs in the tropics.Objective: To determine the in vitro biogas production and fermentative characteristics of diets for fattening lambs containing 20% chipile or crotalaria at 30 or 40 d of regrowth.Methodology: The treatments were whole diets containing 20% crotalaria with 30 d (T1) or 40 d of regrowth (T2), as well as 20% chipile with 30 d (T3) or 40 d of regrowth (T4). In vitro gas production was measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h and the following elements were determined: kinetic estimators (A, b, k), dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber (ADFD) degradation, metabolizable energy (ME), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The experimental design was completely randomized.Results: Regarding the accumulated biogas production, T4 presented higher production from 2 to 24 h, T3 and T4 higher at 48 h, and T1 higher at 72 h. Kinetic estimators showed that T1 was higher in A and k and T4 was higher in b. T2 presented the lowest DMD, OMD, NDFD, ADFD, ME, and SCFA.Study Limitations: Scale production of chipile, aimed to obtain a greater biomass volume, is limited since it has not been domesticated yet.
Conclusions: Sheep diets containing 20% chipile or crotalaria with 30 d of regrowth have proven to be an alternative for the manufacturing of whole diets for the intensive fattening of lambs in the tropics
Genetic resources and product diversification in a transitioning coffee agroecosystem in Mecayapan, Veracruz, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: To analyze a coffee agroecosystem in agroecological transition, as an alternative for the use and conservation of resources. For this, an agroecological design was carried out associated with three legumes and one cucurbit in coffee cultivation.
Design/methodology/approach: Collection and identification of genetic resources present in the agroecosystem, agroecological design associated with three legumes and one cucurbit in coffee cultivation; zig-zag soil sampling for physical, chemical, and biological analyses, data analysis using JASP version 0.16.2.
Results: Identification of 42 species of weeds with various uses, as well as the criteria for association of species according to use, the soil analyzes showed that there is a significant connection between micronutrients and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the variable Boron has influence in the development of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Limitations on study/implications: The results are applicable to the agroecological model in transition that is presented.
Findings/conclusions: Coffee agroecosystems in agroecological transition are slow processes, but they contribute to improving soil conditions. They allow the reappearance of weed species with some use. There is a significant correlation between Boron and the development of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, likewise the physical properties have a direct relationship with their development.
Keywords: agroecology, transition, agroecosystemObjective: To analyze a coffee agroecosystem undergoing an agroecological transition —considered as an alternative for the efficient use and the conservation of resources— through an agroecological association design with three legumes and one cucurbit in coffee cultivation.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Collection and identification of genetic resources found in the agroecosystem; agroecological association design with three legumes and one cucurbit in a coffee crop; zig-zag soil sampling for physical, chemical, and biological analyses; data analysis using JASP software version 0.16.2.
Results: We identified 42 weed species with various uses within the coffee agroecosystem, as well as the criteria for the association of species according to use. The soil analysis showed a significant correlation between micronutrients and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The boron variable also influences the growth of such bacteria.
Study Limitations/Implications: The results apply to the agroecological model in transition presented.
Findings/Conclusions: Agroecological transition in coffee agroecosystems is slow but contributes to improving soil conditions. It also allows for the reappearance of usable weed species. There is a significant correlation between boron and the development of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Likewise, the physical properties of soil have a direct impact on the growth of such bacteri
Yield and oil content of castor oil plant (Ricinus communis L.) accessions grown with fertigation in a semiarid zone
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate seed, dry matter, and oil content yield in five accessions of castor oil plant (Ricinus communis L.) in the Altiplano Potosino Zacatecano high plateau region of Mexico, grown with a fertigation system on a mixture of sand, tezontle, and compost, with three fertilization levels.Design/Methodology/Approach: The following accessions showed an outstandingly favorable response to fertilization: ZACS2C1 (Orito Zac) which had the greater seed yield (735 g) and oil content (50.30 ± 5.23); and SLPS11C1 which had the greater weight per100 seeds (56.77 ±2.35) and dry matter (1600 g).Results: The best fertilization level for the abovementioned accessions was obtained with the low nutrient solution,Limitations/Implications of the study: while other accessions showed a variable and inverse response to the fertilization level.
Results/Conclusions: To make the most of the castor oil plant, oil or fodder accessions can be selected or both accessions can be sown under an intercropping system
Assessment of postoperative recovery and post-penopexy return of teaser bulls to natural mounting
Get PDFObjective: To assess the perineal penopexy surgical technique in the preparation of teaser bulls for the bovine industry.
Design: To assess the technique, three 11-month-old Swiss-Zebu bovines, with an average weight of 280 kg, were subject to a surgical procedure. The assessed parameters were time of procedure, postoperative recovery (infectious processes), and return to normal mounting.
Results: This study shows a total average time ―from the beginning of the procedure until the animal can stand― of 23.7 min, plus nine days of postoperative recovery, without infectious processes.
Implications: During the postoperative process, the ring might be rejected, fibrous tissue might form as a reaction to the ring’s material, and the penis might be overexposed because of the ring’s diameter.
Limitations: There might be limitations resulting from the surgeon’s experience regarding the location of the sigmoid flexure.
Results: Using this technique contributes to the improvement of the teaser bull preparation protocols for bovine artificial insemination program
Use of tropical macrophytes in wastewater treatment
Get PDFMacrophytes in natural wetlands are the plants responsible for nutrient uptake and seem to be an efficient option in phytoremediation systems. a) Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptation process of ornamental macrophytes fed with university wastewater, through physiological measurements before and after planting in a HC (constructed wetland) in a tropical climate. b) The study was divided into two stages. 0.5 x 2. 0 m, three fractions were evaluated at 50%, 75%, 100% from university wastewater and natural water (white), where the following species were placed: Strelitzia reginae, Alpinia purpurata, Canna indica, Xanthosoma robustum, Cyperus papyrus, Pistia stratiotes, Iris germánica, Spathiphyllum wallisii, Ruellia brittoniana, Pennisetum purpureum and Heliconia psittacorum, remaining for a period of 40 days. Subsequently, the individuals were seeded and evaluated in an HC to finalise the adaptation period. The physiological variables measured were % survival, stem thickness, number of flowers and indirect chlorophyll. Biomass was included as a growth variable for the second stage. c) The results showed that during the first stage in the containers of the 14 initial species, a total of 11 species survived, i.e. 78.5% of the total, which made it possible to observe the type of plants with the greatest capacity to survive in high concentrations of contaminants, thus obtaining the priority in which these would be planted. d) They also indicated that there were significant differences (p=0.005) regarding physiology for all the HC species, showing better adaptation for Canna indica, Xanthosoma robustum, Ruellia brittoniana, Alpinia purpurata, Cyperus papyrus and Heliconia psittacorum. e) These results demonstrate the macrophytes with greater adaptation as phytoremediation plants in HC systems in tropical climates, resulting from the feeding of university wastewaterObjective: To evaluate the adaptation process of ornamental tropical macrophytes irrigated with wastewater, through physiological measurements before and after planting in a tropical constructed wetland (CW).
Design/Methodology/Approach: Three fractions were evaluated with 50%, 75%, and 100% wastewater and natural water (blank) in 0.5 × 2.0 m fiberglass containers. The following species were placed in the containers during 40 days: Strelitzia reginae, Alpinia purpurata, Canna indica, Xanthosoma robustum, Cyperus papyrus, Pistia stratiotes, Spathiphyllum wallisii, Ruellia brittoniana, Pasto pennisetum, Solenostemon scutellarioides, Iresine herbstii, Lantana camara, Duranta eracta golden, and Asparagus densiflorus. Subsequently, the individuals —including Heliconia psittacorum and Iris germanica— were planted and evaluated in a CW after the adaptation period, in order to replace the macrophyte lost during the said period. The following physiological variables were measured: survival percentage, stem thickness, number of flowers, chlorophyll index, and biomass (as a growth variable).
Results: During the first stage (containers), only 11 out of the 14 initial species survived (78.5%), which allowed us to establish which plants had the highest survival capacity in high concentrations of pollutants. These results determined the priority with which these would be planted in the CW.
Study Limitations/Implications: Significant physiological differences were observed (p ≤ 0.005) in all CW species. Canna indica, Xanthosoma robustum, Ruellia brittoniana, Alpinia purpurata, Cyperus papyrus, and Heliconia psittacorum recorded better adaptation.
Findings/Conclusions: The macrophytes studied show great adaptation as phytoremediative plants in tropical CW systems; however, their physiological development is different
Estimation of water erosion in the Necaxa system, Puebla, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: Estimate potential and current water erosion in the Necaxa System and propose alternatives to reduce the problem of siltation of the hydraulic infrastructure
Design/methodology/approach: The Universal Soil Loss equation will be applied through algebra of maps processed in a Geographic Information System.
Results: It was estimated that the current water erosion in the Necaxa system is 159 tons / ha * year, a factor that affects the loss of land for crops, loss of nutrients in the soil, accumulation of material towards urban areas, silting up of streams, reservoirs and loss of capacity of the hydraulic works of the system.
Limitations on study/implications: There is no information on runoff batches in the field that allows the current water erosion values to be compared with those obtained by the EUPS applied by map algebra.
Findings/conclusions: By proposing reforestation and carrying out conservation agriculture, it could be reduced to 16 tons / ha * year. However, if control actions are not carried out and the current coverage is not preserved, the problem can increase until reaching potential erosion values higher than 200 ton / ha * year.Objective: To estimate the potential and current water erosion in the Necaxa system and to propose alternatives aimed to reduce the siltation problem in the hydraulic infrastructure.Design/methodology/approach: The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was applied, using a Geographic Information System to process the map algebra.Results: The current estimated water erosion was 159 t ha-1 per year; this factor impacts the loss of farmland and soil nutrients, the accumulation of matter towards urban areas, the siltation of riverbeds and dams, and the loss of the system’s hydraulic works capacity.Study limitations/implications: No data about runoff plots in the field is available; therefore, it is not possible to compare current water erosion values with those obtained by the USLE applied, using the map algebra technique.
Findings/conclusions: The reforestation and conservation agriculture proposal would help to reduce erosion to 16 t ha -1 per year. However, if control actions are not carried out and the current vegetation cover is not preserved, the problem can increase until it reaches potential erosion values >200 t ha -1 per year
Pathogens of zoonotic interest in chicken meat for sale in retail stores in Mexico
Get PDFObjective: determine the presence of zoonotic pathogens in chicken meat sold in retail centers in five cities of the Mexican Republic.
Design/methodology/approach: 153 samples of raw chicken meat were analyzed. All samples were analyzed using methods approved by the AOAC and the US regulatory agencies, isolation that what promised, slipped and subsequently PCR analysis was performed for Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., E. coli and Listeria spp.
Results: Campylobacter spp. it was found in 31% of the samples and Salmonella spp. in 1.31% of the total samples analyzed. Campylobacter spp. it has a higher prevalence in Tlalnepantla Estado de Mexico (74%), Puebla (33.33%) and Guadalajara Jal. (25.58%). Salmonella spp. it has a higher prevalence in Tlalnepantla Estado de Mexico (3,7%) and Guadalajara Jal. (4,65%).
sites.
Limitations: This study describes the prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in chicken meat for sale in Mexico, however, more studies are needed to determine exactly the origin of these bacteria. scale.
Findings/conclusions: According to the results obtained in this work, it can be concluded that there is contamination of the chicken meat with the bacterium Campylobacter spp. in a higher proportion, unlike Salmonella spp. This may be due to possible errors in the handling in the different areas by which the bird is handled from the farm to the commercialization.Objective: determine the presence of zoonotic pathogens in chicken meat sold in retail centers in five cities of the Mexican Republic.
Design/methodology/approach: 153 samples of raw chicken meat were analyzed. All samples were analyzed using methods approved by the AOAC and the US regulatory agencies, isolation that what promised, slipped and subsequently PCR analysis was performed for Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., E. coli and Listeria spp.
Results: Campylobacter spp. it was found in 31% of the samples and Salmonella spp. in 1.31% of the total samples analyzed. Campylobacter spp. it has a higher prevalence in Tlalnepantla Estado de Mexico (74%), Puebla (33.33%) and Guadalajara Jal. (25.58%). Salmonella spp. it has a higher prevalence in Tlalnepantla Estado de Mexico (3,7%) and Guadalajara Jal. (4,65%).
sites.
Limitations: This study describes the prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in chicken meat for sale in Mexico, however, more studies are needed to determine exactly the origin of these bacteria. scale.
Findings/conclusions: According to the results obtained in this work, it can be concluded that there is contamination of the chicken meat with the bacterium Campylobacter spp. in a higher proportion, unlike Salmonella spp. This may be due to possible errors in the handling in the different areas by which the bird is handled from the farm to the commercialization
Maize tolerance to Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) leaf damage and insecticide application
Get PDFObjective: Evaluate the tolerance of native maize populations of Tamaulipas to foliar damage by S. frugiperda.
Design/methodology/approach: In Güémez, Tamaulipas, in the two agricultural cycles of 2019, the foliar damage of S. frugiperda and the decrease in grain yield were evaluated in 10 populations of native corn of Tamaulipas.
Results: With the application of a synthetic insecticide (emamectin benzoate), minimal foliar damage by S. frugiperda was observed in the autumn winter agricultural cycle. While in the spring-summer cycle, greater foliar damage was observed, which remained at lower levels than the rest of the S. frugiperda management strategies.
Limitations on study/implications: S. frugiperda it is an important pest of maize, its control is mainly carried out with synthetic insecticides, which causes environmental and human health risks, the use of tolerant cultivars is a strategy that reduces these risks.
Findings/conclusions: In the spring-summer cycle, there was greater foliar damage, as a consequence of a higher environmental temperature compared to the autumn-winter cycle; the TML2S3 and VHA maize populations were tolerant to S. frugiperda foliar damage in both agricultural cycles, being considered as base germplasm to start an improvement program for this characteristic.Objective: To evaluate the tolerance of Tamaulipas native maize populations to the leaf damage caused by Spodoptera frugiperda.
Design/Methodology/Approach: During the two agricultural cycles of 2019, the leaf damage by S. frugiperda and the grain yield decrease in 10 populations of native maize were evaluated In Güémez, Tamaulipas.
Results: Leaf damage by S. frugiperda was minimal when synthetic insecticide (emamectin benzoate) was applied in the autumn-winter agricultural cycle; meanwhile, it was greater in the spring-summer cycle, but its levels remained lower than the rest of the S. frugiperda management strategies. Leaf damage was higher during the spring-summer cycle because the environmental temperature was higher than in the autumn-winter cycle.
Study limitations/Implications: Spodoptera frugiperda is an important pest of maize. It is mainly controlled using synthetic insecticides, which cause environmental and human health risks. The use of tolerant cultivars is a strategy that reduces these risks.
Findings/Conclusions: The TML2S3 and VHA maize populations were tolerant to S. frugiperda leaf damage in both agricultural cycles; it is considered as the base germplasm for a program aimed at enhancing this characteristic
Agribusiness potential of castor oil plant (Ricinus communis L.) in Mexico
Get PDFObjective: Describe the agribusiness potential of the castor in Mexico through the collection and analysis of agricultural, industrial, and commercial information that allows decision-making for the formulation of future productive projects generating economic, social, and technological impacts.
Design/methodology/ approach: The research is descriptive with a transactional design. The information was collected on national and international agri-food statistical and documentary information platforms.
Results: In Mexico, different attempts have been made in commercial and research projects related to the cultivation, production, and transformation of castor oil, with not very encouraging results, due to the lack of knowledge in productive, technological, and commercial processes. However, the need for the industrial sector to import oil to produce high-value products is evident.
Limitations/implications: Isolated efforts have been made by each of the actors in the castor agribusiness, which has prevented the sector's consolidation
Findings/conclusions: An intelligent management of agricultural production must be implemented through the establishment of commercial crops with the adoption of basic technological packages applied to each region in particular, with great attention to the availability of planting seed, which should have agronomic potential, use of nutrition and management of pests and diseases, as well as foresee all the cultural tasks of maintenance of the crop and harvesting modality that guarantee yield in the field and quality raw material. Currently, there is a deficit in the castor oil market in the country, which leads to high business prospects and business opportunities.Objective: To describe the agribusiness potential of the castor oil plant in Mexico through the collection and analysis of agricultural, industrial and commercial information that allows decision making for the formulation of future productive projects to generate economic, social and technological impacts.Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is descriptive with a transactional design. The information was collected on national and international agrifood statistical and documentary information platforms.Results: Different attempts have been made in Mexico in commercial and research projects related to the cultivation, production and transformation of castor oil, with results that are not very encouraging due to the lack of knowledge about productive, technological and commercial processes. However, on the other hand, the need for the industrial sector to import oil to produce high-value products is evident.
Study Limitations/Implications: Isolated efforts have been made by each of the actors in the castor oil agribusiness, which has prevented the sector’s consolidation.Findings/Conclusions: An intelligent management of agricultural production must be implemented through the establishment of commercial crops with the adoption of basic technological packages applied to each region in particular, with great attention to the availability of planting seed, which should have agronomic potential, use of nutrition and management of pests and diseases, as well as to foresee all the cultural tasks ofmaintenance of the crop and harvesting modality that guarantee yield in the field and quality raw material. Currently, there is a deficit in the castor oil market in the country, which leads to high business prospects and business opportunities
In vitro fermentative characteristics and chemical quality of tanzania grass with organic and chemical fertilization
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the chemical quality and in vitro fermentative characteristics to find the optimum cutting point of Panicum maximum cv. tanzania grass under four fertilization schemes.
Methodology: The grass was tanzania, which received chemical (F1), vermicompost (F2), compost (F3) and compost+lixiviate (F4) fertilizations. The grass was cut at 20, 35, 50, 50, 65, 80 and 105 days. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), dry matter (DMD), NDF (NDFD) and ADF (ADFD) degradations and in vitro gas production were determined. The experimental design was a 4x6 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized system with fertilization and days of cutting as factors.
Results: F3-65, F1-65, F4-80 and F1-8 d higher NDF content; F1-65 d higher ADF; F1-20 d higher CP (p≤0.05). F4-50 and F2-50 d higher gas production; F4-20, F4-35, F4-50, F2-20, F2-35, F1-20 d higher DMD, F2-20 and F4-20 d higher NDFD; F4-20, F4-35, F4-65 and F2-20 d higher ADFN (p≤0.05).
Limitations/implications: Lack of previous research studies on organic fertilization of tanzania.
Conclusions: Fertilization with vermicompost or compost+lixiviate improve chemical content, in vitro gas production and degradations of tanzania gras