Revista Agro Productividad
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Insects an alternative for sustainable production in Mexico
Get PDFObjective: To analyze the sociocultural, economic and environmental aspects of insects in Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: From October 2021 to January 2022, a bibliographic review was carried out searching for literature available in Google academic, Sciencedirect, SpringerLink, Google patent, EBSCO, Semantic Scholar databases and content available through remote access from CONRICyT. The bibliographic systematization of the consulted articles was developed from the Excel 2016 program and the Mendeley Desktop software, version 1.19.4.
Results: Entomology has a high ecological, economic and social value, directed towards the horizons of food security, care for the environment and as an alternative for productive diversification. The economic importance of edible insects for Mexico was highlighted, visualizing commercial alternatives to small producers.
Limitations/implications: The results only present data referring to Mexico, it is recommended to expand the search effort to know the current state of this topic worldwide.
Findings/Conclusions: It was possible to demonstrate the importance of sustainability that insects present in Mexico. Awareness practices are suggested to mitigate neophobia and strengthen the adoption and consumption of this resource in the different social strata of Mexican society. 
Zoonotic parasite frequency in homebound and feral dogs in Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
Get PDFA sampling was carried out from August 2019 to July 2020 in localities of the municipality of Texcoco, State of Mexico, to determine the presence of ectoparasites and gastroenteric parasites. A total of 500 stool samples were collected from domiciliated and nondomiciliated dogs (stray). The frequency of samples positive to some type of parasite was 39% (95% CI 34.8-43.34%). Of 325 obtained from domiciliated dogs, 134 positive results (41.2%) were found (95% CI: 36.0-46.6%), in non-domiciliated dogs, out of 175 samples, in 61 of them (34.8%) an egg was found (95% CI: 28.1-42.1 %). More than one type of parasite was found in 110 samples. In females, the presence of parasites was found in 48.8% (95% CI: 43.3-54.4%), and in 66.4% males (95% CI: 59.5-72.80%). The association between Ancylostoma sp. and Toxocara sp. presented the highest Relative Risk and Odds Ratio in domestic male dogs from 5 to 60 months of age. Regarding age groups, animals between 0 and 4 months presented the highest frequency of parasites.Objective: To describe and compare the frequency in which different parasites infect homebound and feral dogs, in the localities of the municipality of Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico.
Design/Methodology/Approach: In order to determine the presence of ectoparasites and gastrointestinal parasites, a sampling was carried out from August 2019 to July 2020, in localities of Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico. A total of 500 samplings of faeces from homebound and feral dogs were gathered.
Results: The general parasitosis samples had a 39% frequency (95% IC: 34.8-43.34%). Out of 325 samples obtained from homebound dogs, 134 (41.2%) tested positive (95% IC: 36.0-46.6%). Meanwhile, 175 samples were taken from feral dogs and 61 samples (34.8%) had at least one egg (95% IC: 28.1-42.1%). More than one type of parasite was found in 110 samples. The presence of parasites reached 48.8% in females (95% IC: 43.3-54.4%), while the percentage in males reached 66.4% (95% IC: 59.5-72.80%).
Study Limitations/Implications: The main limitation of this cross-sectional study is that data was gathered during a certain period (neutering/spaying campaigns). Therefore, the results may vary, if the same population is analyzed in another period.
Findings/Conclusions: The Ancylostoma sp. + Toxocara sp. association had the highest Relative Risk and Cross-Product Ratio in 5-60-month-old homebound male dogs. Regarding the age group, 0-4-month-old animals had the highest parasitosis frequencies.
New studies on this subject must be carried out to achieve a more exhaustive evaluation of the health status of homebound dogs, focusing on issues such as vaccination status, the interval between de-worming treatments, and the presence of parasites. Feral and semi-homebound dogs must also be included in the studie
Forage evaluation based on oat on scenarios of intercrop and organic nutrition
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the behavior of yield with different varieties of oat under monoculture and association conditions, applying different sources of nutrition.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Oat varieties were sown under monoculture conditions and 50% association, applying three sources of plant nutrition and a control, in the autumn-winter cycle. A completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement (3×3×4) was used, with the factors being the varieties of oats (chihuahua, turquesa, karma), the associations (monoculture, triticale and vetch) and the sources of nutrition (Glomus fasciculatum mycorrhiza, liquid bat guano, combination and control).
Results: Chihuahua stood out in dry matter (DM) yield, productivity index, leaf: stem ratio, harvest index and leaf area index, the karma variety stood out in botanical composition, Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), height and number of leaves. The association with triticale stood out in DM yield, productivity index and botanical composition. The vetch stood out in LER, leaf: stem ratio, harvest index and leaf area index. The monoculture stood out in the height of plants and number of leaves. The guano highlighted the harvest index, maintaining statistical equality with the mycorrhiza in LER.
Study Limitations/Implications: The results are based on the interaction of the factors with an irrigation regime in the temperate climate of the Valles Centrales of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Findings/Conclusions: The variety that stood out the most was the karma variety; however, the quality of the chihuahua variety can be discussed when comparing the relationships of the variables. The crop association that generated the best results was vetch, while triticale generated higher yields. The nutrition that generated the best results was guano, and there were a large number of statistical equalities with the contro
Production of corn plus sunflower forage and its preference as silaged by sheep in Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo
No full texta) Objective. The objective was to evaluate the forage production of maize, maize + sunflower and its preference for sheep as silage. b) Design/methodology/approach. The design in the field was in completely randomized blocks with three replications and in the laboratory in a completely randomized design (Tukey α = 0.05). Sowing was in spring - summer 2020 under rainfed conditions. The treatments were: 100 % corn, 90 % corn + 10 % sunflower, 80 % corn + 20 % sunflower. Forage production was evaluated at 126 days of sowing, it was ensiled and the quality through bromatological analysis. For silage preference, 10 pregnant Hampshire × Suffolk ewes were used with 44.8 kg of live weight along 20 days. c) Results. The 80 % maize + 20% sunflower combination showed higher green forage yield (P<0.001; 28 t ha-1), higher percentage of soluble protein (P<0.01) and higher percentage of lignin (P<0.001; 4.6 %). The sheep preferred the silage with 100 % corn, since it had a lower percentage of non-fibrous carbohydrates (22.2 %), lower acid detergent fiber (35.3 %) and lower neutral detergent fiber (59.4 %). d) Limitations/implications. Sunflower should be established on soils with low numbers of broadleaf plant seeds, because chemical control cannot be applied. e) Findings/conclusions. A greater amount of forage was produced per surface unit whit 80 % corn + 20 % sunflower. The 100 % maize silage was preferred by sheep due to lower percentage of lignin, and higher in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber
Effect of artificial light on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) production
Get PDFObjective: study the effects of different sources of artificial light on the growth of alfalfa plants (Medicago sativa L.).
Design/Methodology/Approximation: The experiment was established on four shelves with a height of 2.50 m with three divisions each, each division 80 x 60 cm long and wide, respectively. In three of the upper divisions the sun's rays were allowed to penetrate, in the remaining nine divisions three different sources of artificial light (LED, incandescent and fluorescent) were placed, three divisions for each light source, at a density of four lamps per division. The energy expenditure per lamp, the intensity of photons and the production of dry matter were quantified.
Results: The data indicated that the incandescent lamp had an energy expenditure 8 times higher than the LED lamp and 3.5 times higher than the fluorescent, however, the intensity of light emitted is 3 and 2 times higher in the LED lamp vs. incandescent and fluorescent. respectively, the highest production of dry matter was found with sunlight, obtaining values of 391 g m-2 and the lowest production with the incandescent lamp with 17 g m-2.
Study limitations/Implications: It is necessary to continue carrying out research work on forage production with artificial light, to increase biomass yields.
Findings/Conclusions: With the data obtained, it is concluded that LED light can be a viable alternative in the future to produce food for animal consumption
Slaughter of pregnant cows in the municipal abbattoir of Pijijiapan, Chiapas, Mexico
Get PDFABSTRACT
Objective: To quantify the percentage of pregnant cows slaughtered in the municipal abattoir of Pijijiapan, Chiapas, and the gestation state of the products.
Approach: A high number of pregnant cows are slaughtered due to several factors, such as the low number of pregnancy tests performed and misdiagnoses. The dry season is another factor that reduces forage capacity. It enforces ranchers to get rid of animals, including pregnant cows, reducing the cattle herd population. However, it might also be considered an animal welfare issue.
Methodology: It was registered the total number of bovines slaughtered in four months. The number of females sacrificed was quantified and recorded if they were pregnant or not and the gestational status of the products.
Results: There were 428 bovines slaughtered; 399 were females (93.22%), and 29 were males (6.78%). Of the females, 211 (53%) were pregnant. It was found that 39.81% were in the first third of gestation, 27.48% in the second third of pregnancy, and 32.22% in the last third.
Limitations: It is necessary to extend the study period and not just in this municipality but to understand better the situation in other abattoirs in Chiapas.Objective: To quantify the percentage of breeding heifers slaughtered and the stage of gestation of the product, in the municipal slaughterhouse of Pijijiapan, Chiapas.
Approximation: A large number of breeding heifers are sent to the slaughterhouse due to various factors such as the few gestations diagnostic tests that are carried out in the field, as well as erroneous diagnoses. Another cause is the dry season, in which the forage capacity is reduced, and the producer must dispose of animals in his productive unit, including breeding heifers, thus decreasing the population of the cattle herd. This situation can be considered as an animal welfare problem.
Methodology: The total number of cattle slaughtered in four months was recorded, as well as the number of females and it was recorded whether they were pregnant or not and the gestation period of the calf.
Results: Cattle individuals (428) were slaughtered, of which 399 were females (93.22%) and 29 males (6.78%). Of the females, 211 (53%) were pregnant, 39.81% in the first third of gestation, 27.48% in the second and 32.22% in the third.
Limitations: It is necessary to increase the period of the study and not only in this municipality, but also to implement similar research it in other slaughterhouses in Chiapas, in order to understand this problem bette
Determining water quality of the lower basin of the Usumacinta River in Tabasco, Mexico: Determinación de la calidad del agua de la cuenca baja del Río Usumacinta en Tabasco, México
No full textObjective: The objective of this study was to determine the water quality of the lower basin of the Usumacinta River, based on its physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. Design/methodology/approach: There were taken 11 monthly samplings of surface water during the rainy season, from June to December, 2017 and in the dry season, from April to May, 2018, in three different sites. The parameters of temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP) and Nitrogen nitrate (N-nitrate) were evaluated. Significant statistical differences (p≤0.05) between seasons and between sites were determined. Results: The results obtained were compared with Mexican regulations and Ecological Criteria for water quality. The parameters such as EC, TDS, TSS and total phosphorus showed substantial differences among seasons. The temperature, pH, EC and N-nitrate, did not exceed the maximum permissible limits for the use of irrigation water, urban public use and protection of aquatic life. However, the presence of E. coli and total coliforms from 530 to> 24 196 MPN/100 ml was recorded throughout the study period. Findings/conclusions: Parameters under study did not show significant differences between sites. The rainy season had an important effect on the increase in concentrations of TSS, TP, N-nitrate and total coliforms. Also, that maximum concentrations were recorded during the study period in the sampling sites of Boca del Cerro (R1) and Puente Chablé (R2).Objective: To determine the water quality of the lower basin of the Usumacinta River (Tabasco, Mexico), based on its physicochemical and microbiological characteristics.
Design/methodology/approach: There were taken 11 monthly samplings of surface water during the rainy season, from June to December, 2017 and in the dry season, from April to May, 2018, in three different sites. The parameters of temperature, Hydrogen potential (pH), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP) and Nitrogen nitrate (N-nitrate) were evaluated. Significant statistical differences (p ≤ 0.05) between seasons and among sites were determined.
Results: The results obtained were compared with Mexican regulations and Ecological Criteria for water quality. The parameters such as EC, TDS, TSS and TP showed substantial differences among seasons. Values for temperature, pH, EC and N-nitrate, did not exceed the maximum permissible limits for the use of irrigation water, urban public use and protection of aquatic life. However, the presence of E. coli and total coliforms from 530 to > 24,196 MPN 100 mL-1 were recorded throughout the study period.
Findings/conclusions: Parameters under study did not show significant differences among sites. The rainy season had an important effect on the increase in concentrations of TSS, TP, N-nitrate and total coliforms. Also, maximum concentrations were recorded during the study period in the sampling sites of Boca del Cerro (R1) and Puente Chablé (R2)
Pollution in the lower basin of Jamapa River by the application of antibiotics for veterinary use
Get PDFThe objective: of this research was to analyze the use of antibiotics used in livestock and aquaculture activities developed in the Lower Jamapa River basin, to know the impact of these compounds on water quality and the risk to public health. Methodology: A survey was carried out among 60 farmers using a structured questionnaire with 41 open and closed questions during the year 2020; The use of key informants with experience in the livestock sector and familiar with the livestock farmers in the study area were interview. Results: The farmers profile was 95% men, and 5% women (2 women); 50% of the farmers know how to read and write and it was identified that 85% of the interviewees used antibiotics as preventive treatment for disease control, 8.3% applied vitamins and 6.7% used dewormers..Conclusions: There is great concern about the impact that pharmaceutical products can have in the water, even outside of it, it is necessary to carry out risk assessments based on the traditional responses of the fish, such as changes in growth or in the survival.Objective: To analyze the level of use of antibiotics in livestock and aquaculture activities developed in the lower basin of Jamapa River, to know the possible impact of these compounds on water quality and the risk to public health. Methodology: A survey of 60 farmers was conducted using a structured questionnaire with 41 open and closed questions during the year 2020. The use of key informants with experience in the livestock sector and related to the livestock sector in the study area was applied. Results: Regarding the profile of the producers, it was found that 95% were men, and women only represented 5% (2 women). The 50% of producers have a basic level of schooling; 85% of respondents used antibiotics as a preventive treatment for disease control, 8.3% apply vitamins and 6.7% use dewormers. Among the most frequently used antibiotics is Oxytetracycline. Study limitations/implications: to assess the toxic risk that exists when using antibiotics in the livestock sector, it is necessary to develop procedures and to plan new regulations for the use of antibiotics in this sector. Findings/conclusions: a relationship was found with the use of oxytetracycline by the livestock sector. There is great concern about the impact that pharmaceuticals can have on water bodies and outside them. It is necessary to carry out risk assessments based on traditional fish responses, such as changes in growth or surviva
Success and resilience factors of rural enterprises in Mexico: RENDRUS case
Get PDFObjective: To identify the success and business resilience factors of rural companies, through an analysis of rural companies in Mexico, in order to contribute to the differentiation of these concepts.
Methodology: The companies of the National Network for Sustainable Rural Development were used as a case study, who were asked key questions to identify their factors of success and business resilience.
Results: The main success and resilience factors of these companies were identified; Permanent job creation turned out to be the main success factor and punctuality in order delivery was the most identified resilience factor.
Implications: Identifying and recognizing the difference between the two factors can help companies and their leaders or executives understand and adjust their strategies based on their objectives: to be successful or to be resilient.
Conclusions: There is a difference between a success factor and a business resilience factor; a success factor is a way of standing out among similar companies, while a business resilience factor is used to face adversities and continue over time.Objective: To identify the success and resilience factors of rural enterprises in Mexico in order to contribute to the theoretical and empirical differentiation of these concepts.
Design/Methodology/Approach: We used the National Network for Sustainable Rural Development Companies as a case study to formulate key questions to identify their success and business resilience factors.
Results: Permanent job creation turned out to be the main success factor, and timely delivery of the product was the main resilience factor.
Study Limitations/Implications: Recognizing the difference between success and resilience factors can help rural enterprises, their leaders, and decision-makers in the rural sector to understand and adjust their operating strategies based on their objectives.
Findings/Conclusions: A success factor is a way to stand out among similar rural enterprises, while a business resilience factor serves to face adversity and continue over time
Physiological response of three wild castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) ecotypes exposed to different substrate moisture levels
Get PDFObjective: To analyze the morphological and physiological responses of three wild castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) ecotypes with four levels of substrate gravimetric moisture.
Design/methodology/approach: Wild castor bean seeds were collected in the Durango State’s arid zone, Mexico. Three possible ecotypes of seeds were selected according to seed size and shape. A completely randomized greenhouse culture was established with the three wild castor bean ecotypes in substrate with four levels of gravimetric moisture (T1?= 24±2%; T2?=20±2%; T3?= 16±2%; T4?= 14±2%). Physiological measurements were performed with a photosynthesis meter LICOR (LI-6400XT). Two-way analysis of variance was performed to obtain significant differences among factors and their interactions.
Results: The most striking results are the following: ecotypes 1 and 2 had higher stem height and larger leaves than ecotype 3. The differences in plant growth due to the effect of substrates with gravimetric moisture of 24% and 20% were not significant (p = 0.05). The highest photosynthetic rate corresponds to ecotype 3 (14.77±6.14 ?mol CO2 m-2s-1); however, the differences were not significant among the ecotypes. The differences were mainly determined by the substrate moisture.
Limitations on study/implications: Knowing the castor bean water requirement as a crop allows optimizing the use of water in regions where this resource is scarce.
Findings/conclusions: The castor bean ecotype 1, whose seeds were of great volume, little eccentricity and very round; they are associated with plants with longer and wider stems, with longer and wider leaves. This genotype could be domesticated considering the substrate moisture 24% and 20%.Objective: To analyze the morphological and physiological responses of three wild castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) ecotypes to four different gravimetric moisture levels.Design/methodology/approach: The wild castor bean ecotype seeds were collected in the arid region of the State of Durango, Mexico. Three potential ecotypes were selected according to seed size and shape. A completely random greenhouse culture was established with three wild castor bean ecotypes; they were planted in substrate with four gravimetric moisture levels (T1 Ɵ = 24±2%; T2 Ɵ =20±2%; T3 Ɵ =16±2%; T4 Ɵ = 14±2%). The physiological measurements were carried out with LICOR’s LI-6400XT portable photosynthesis system. A two-way ANOVA wasconducted to obtain differences between the factors and their interactions.Results: Ecotypes 1 and 2 had larger stalks and leaves than ecotype 3. The differences in plant growth due to the effects of a 24% and 20% gravimetric moisture content were not significant (p = 0.05). Ecotype 3 presented the highest photosynthetic rate (14.77±6.14 μmol CO 2 m -2 s -1 ); however, the differences between ecotypes were not significant. The differences were determined based mainly onsubstrate moisture.Study limitations/implications: Determining the water requirements of castor bean crops allows for the optimization of water use in regions where this resource is scarce.Findings/conclusions: Ecotype 1 seeds —which were very large, very round, and had low eccentricity— are associated with plants that have larger and wider stalks and leaves. This genotype could be domesticated considering a substrate moisture content of 24% and 20%