Revista Agro Productividad
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Effect of sugar substitution by aguamiel on the physicochemical quality of pear jam pear (Pyrus communis L.)
Get PDFObjective: Analyze the effect of the sugar substitution by dehydrated aguamiel on the physicochemical quality of pear jam pear (Pyrus communis L.)
Design/methodology/approach: Different levels of sugar substitution by dehydrated aguamiel were analyzed (0, 25 and 50%). Physicochemical parameters on pear jam as color, pH, acidity, density, consistency and soluble solids were evaluated.
Results: Results showed that the physicochemical and color characteristics of the pear jam was changed by the substitution of sugar by dehydrated aguamiel
Study limitations/implications: More studies related to sensorial analysis of the pear jam and technological functions of dehydrated aguamiel are required.
Findings/Conclusions: Pear in advanced stage of maturity could be considered as a good ingredient in jam formulation. Dehydrated aguamiel was used as an alternative a sweetener in ja
Use of traditional food and proposal for the dish of good eating for the Totonac region: TOTONACO PLATE OF GOOD EATING
No full textObjective. Identify the use of traditional foods through the quantification of the main regional foods that are consumed and propose a dish of totonac good eating was proposed.
Methodology. A semi-structured survey was used in 328 households in the municipality of Filomeno Mata, Veracruz, Mexico. The “Dietary Diversity Score at home” was used in addition to a section to obtain information on the regional foods they consume daily.
Results. The families recognized a total of 35 products of plant and animal origin that are produced in the place. On average, each household interviewed included 7 of the foods reported in their daily diet.
Limitations. To improve and apply the proposal of the well-eating dish, some important elements must be taken into account such as: age, sex, height, physical activity or physiological state, among other indications
Conclusions. Registered foods are connected to the culture of the area and open a guideline for the generation of different strategies for the use of these resources, such as the Totonac plate of well-eating.O
Objective: To identify the use of traditional food, quantify the main foods consumed in the region, and propose a dish of good eating for the Totonac region.
Methodology: A semi-structured survey was carried out in 328 households of the municipality of Filomeno Mata, Veracruz, Mexico. The Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) and a section were used to obtain information about the regional foods that the local population consumes on a daily basis.
Results: The families recognized a total of 35 regionally-produced vegetal and animal products. Each household that participated in the survey mentioned an average of 7 foods out of the whole list.
Limitations: To improve and implement a good food dish, several elements must be taken into account: age, gender, height, physical activity, or physiological condition, among others.
Conclusions: The registered foods are linked to the local culture and open a door to the generation of various resource-leveraging strategies, such as the dish of good eating for the Totonac region
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis as sustainable alternative in the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni production: Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis as a sustainable alternative in the production of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni
No full textStevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a crop that meets the current demand for natural sweeteners, this demand requires a sustainable production of the crop, due to the inclusion of its steviol glycosides or active ingredients in the food and pharmaceutical sector. Modern agriculture involves the integrated use of widely proven natural resources such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. These microorganisms perform a symbiotic association with 80% of terrestrial plants and provide multiple benefits. They are able to enhance the productivity of a crop both directly and indirectly through the translocation of mineral nutrients from the soil solution, especially phosphorus. As a sustainable production alternative for S. rebaudiana, they provide an improvement in nutritional status resulting in higher biomass production and glycoside concentration, fundamental parameters for yield. They stimulate plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors and act as soil improvers. It should be noted that the mutualistic fungus-plant association is approximately 400 million years old, yet it is only in recent years that interest in this interaction has been awakened. Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are an exploitable natural resource, the communities are threatened by biotic factors such as interaction with other microorganisms and abiotic factors involving poor agricultural practicesStevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a crop that meets the current demand for natural sweeteners, this demand requires a sustainable production of the crop, due to the inclusion of its steviol glycosides or active ingredients in the food and pharmaceutical sector. Modern agriculture involves the integrated use of widely proven natural resources such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. These microorganisms perform a symbiotic association with 80% of terrestrial plants and provide multiple benefits. They are able to enhance the productivity of a crop both directly and indirectly through the translocation of mineral nutrients from the soil solution, especially phosphorus. As a sustainable production alternative for S. rebaudiana, they provide an improvement in nutritional status resulting in higher biomass production and glycoside concentration, fundamental parameters for yield. They stimulate plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors and act as soil improvers. It should be noted that the mutualistic fungus-plant association is approximately 400 million years old, yet it is only in recent years that interest in this interaction has been awakened. Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are an exploitable natural resource, the communities are threatened by biotic factors such as interaction with other microorganisms and abiotic factors involving poor agricultural practicesStevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a crop that meets the current demand for natural sweeteners, this demand requires a sustainable production of the crop, due to the inclusion of its steviol glycosides or active ingredients in the food and pharmaceutical sector. Modern agriculture involves the integrated use of widely proven natural resources such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. These microorganisms perform a symbiotic association with 80% of terrestrial plants and provide multiple benefits. They are able to enhance the productivity of a crop both directly and indirectly through the translocation of mineral nutrients from the soil solution, especially phosphorus. As a sustainable production alternative for S. rebaudiana, they provide an improvement in nutritional status resulting in higher biomass production and glycoside concentration, fundamental parameters for yield. They stimulate plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors and act as soil improvers. It should be noted that the mutualistic fungus-plant association is approximately 400 million years old, yet it is only in recent years that interest in this interaction has been awakened. Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are an exploitable natural resource, the communities are threatened by biotic factors such as interaction with other microorganisms and abiotic factors involving poor agricultural practices.L
Objective: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a crop that can meet the demand for natural sweeteners; however, this demand requires a sustainable production, as a result of the inclusion of its steviol glycosides or active ingredients in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Design/methodology/approach: Modern agriculture implies the integrated use of valid natural resources, such as the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). These microorganisms establish a symbiotic relationship with, at least, 80% of the plants, to which they provide multiple benefits. They can directly and indirectly improve crop productivity, through nutrient (particularly, phosphorus) translocation of the soil solution.
Results: As a sustainable alternative for the production of S. rebaudiana, they improve its nutritional state, resulting in a higher biomass production and glycoside concentration —fundamental yield parameters. Additionally, they promote resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors and improve soil quality.
Limitations/implications: It is worth mentioning that this fungi-plant mutualism is approximately 400 million years-old; however, it has only aroused interest during the last few years.
Findings/conclusions: Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an exploitable resource, their communities are threatened by biotic factors —such as the interaction with other microorganisms— and abiotic factors —which involve bad agricultural practices
Mini grafts: alternative to obtain complete plants of Pinus patula propagated in vitro
Get PDFMicro-grafting and mini-grafting trials were carried out in order to obtain complete Pinus patula plants generated in vitro, derived from the fact that the formation of roots in micro-propagated shoots is very low or null. On the other hand, there is the possibility of generating clones with outstanding genetic characteristics. P. patula seeds were established in aseptic conditions and geminated in vitro in DCR medium; the aerial part was dissected from the base and roots were kept in DCR medium added with 0.5 mg l-1 of NAA to maintain them and served as mini rootstock, the shoots were transferred to DCR medium added with 2.0 mg l-1 of BA to form seedlings with an average of 3.9 shoots per explant at 30 days. On the other hand, 2-month-old nursery seedlings were used as rootstock for the mini-grafts. For the micro-graft tests, the shoots obtained were taken and the apical meristems with approximately 5 mm were isolated to conduct micro-grafting at the base with roots, and in the case of mini-grafts the shoots generated were allowed to grow to a length of 3 cm on average and grafted onto nursery seedlings. In both cases, the achievement of the grafted materials and the length were evaluated to measure the growth of the materials that had positive success. The response of micro-grafts was very low, 10% success, in addition to the manipulation of the meristems being very complex, which generated oxidation in the tissues. On the contrary, the mini-grafts showed 93.3 of grafting success and average growth of 26.05 cm, two months after the grafting proces
Geographical analysis of rice production and storage in Mexico, 1980 – 2018
Get PDFObjective: Geographically analyze the production and storage of rice in Mexico in a multi-temporal period 1980 to 2018, presenting cartography of the geographical location, storage centers, nodes, networks and areas of influence generated by rice production.
Design / Methodology / Approach: Results: The statistical database of "Support and Services for Agricultural Marketing" (ASERCA) was used, as well as statistical information from the Agrifood and Fisheries Information Service (SIAP), as well as the cartographic base with the geographic information systems tool the vector database was digitized and integrated into a relational database for spatial analysis
Results: Results of production, storage distribution network and the forecast of consumption, storage in Mexico 2030 are presented. Using the statistical base and representing it with Geographic Information Systems tools.
Study limitations: It is necessary to perform a spatial analysis by State to determine a distance Isochrons and calculate planning scenarios.
Findings / Conclusions: The geographical analysis of rice production in Mexico maintains a territorial organization of cultivation, distribution, storage and consumption, which locates economic activities based on geographic factors of the primary sector, generating patterns of location, dispersion and settlement of consumptionObjective: To analyze the production and storage of rice in Mexico, geographically and along 1980 to 2018; presenting cartography of the geographical location, rice storage centers, nodes, networks, and areas of influence generated by rice production.
Design / Methodology / Approach: The statistical database of "Apoyos y Servicios a la Comercialización Agropecuaria" (ASERCA; a resource database to support agricultural marketing) was used, as well as statistical information from the Mexico’s information service “Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera, SIAP). Likewise, the cartographic basis for analysis was built in GIS. A vector database was digitized and integrated into a relational database for spatial analysis.
Results: Results of production, storage, distribution network and the rice consumption-storage forecast for Mexico in 2030 are presented. Using the statistical base, depicted in a GIS projection.
Limitations in the study: It is necessary to perform a spatial analysis per state to determine distance isochrons and to calculate planning scenarios.
Findings / Conclusions: The geographical analysis of rice production in Mexico maintains a territorial organization of cultivation, distribution, storage and consumption, which locates economic activities based on geographical factors of the primary sector, generating some geographical patterns for rice production, such as location, distribution and consumption per human settlemen
Quantification of direct and indirect damage caused by Diceroprocta bulgara (Distant) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in lime
Get PDFObjective: To quantify the direct and indirect damage caused by Diceroprocta bulgara in the cultivars of Persian lemon, Mexican with and without thorn, Colimex and Lise, in the Oaxaca Coast.
Design/methodology/approach: The damage caused by D. bulgara was recorded their nests in each tree. In each plot, 15 trees were randomly selected to evaluate tree height, crown diameter, number of damaged vegetative growth flows, diameter of the first three flows, length of damage and oviposited eggs. In three planting densities of Lise and Colimex, the loss of fruit was estimated due to the indirect effect of the insect (kg ha-1).
Results: The incidence of damage was from 79% (Mexican without spines) to 95% (Colimex). A slight correlation between tree size and damage was observed, larger trees showed a higher percentage of affected flows. The flow with the highest frequency of damage was the second (31.99%) and the first with the lowest (17.33%). The lowest number of eggs oviposited was 26 on the flow 1 in the Mexican lemon, and the maximum of 171 in the spineless one. The higher number of eggs was recorded in Persian lemon (371). A significant relationship was determined between the number of eggs with the length of damage and flow diameter (<0.05). The highest number of mummified fruits (15.6) was observed in Colimex (density 312 trees ha-1), estimating that up to 146 kg of fruit could be lost.
Findings/conclusions: In the present work, the direct and indirect damage caused by the cicada D. bulgara was quantified for the first time, which represents a loss of fruit in productive trees. Studies on the biology of the insect are suggested for future integrated management plans.Objective: To quantify the direct and indirect damage caused by Diceroprocta bulgara in lime cultivars: Persian, Mexican with and without thorns, Colimex and Lise; on the Coast of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The damage caused by D. bulgara was calculated by counting nests in trees of five lime cultivars (Persian, Mexican with thorns, Mexican without thorns, Colimex and Lise). In each plot, 15 trees were selected randomly to evaluate the variables: height, crown diameter, damaged growth flows, damaged growth diameter, damage length, and number of eggs. The loss of fruit from the indirect effect (kg ha-1), was estimated in three densities of Colimex and Lise.
Results: The damage ranged between 78.6% (Mexican without thorns) and 94% (Colimex). The trees of largest size showed a higher percentage of affected flows. The second flow showed the highest frequency of damage (32%), while the lowest frequency was obtained in the first flow (17.3%). The lowest number of eggs was 26 in flow one in Mexican lime without thorns, while the highest was 171 in Mexican lime without thorns. The greatest number of eggs was observed in Persian lime (371). A significant relationship was determined between the number of eggs and the damage length and flow diameter (<0.05). The highest number of mummified fruits (15.6) was observed in Colimex (density of 312 trees ha-1) and the estimation that up to 146 kg of fruit could be lost.
Findings/Conclusions: This study quantifies for the first time the direct and indirect damage caused by oviposition of the cicada D. bulgara, which represents a loss of fruit in productive trees. Studies on the insect’s biology are suggested for integral management plans
Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of a functional honey-added marshmallow
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the effect of the addition of honey and the ºBloom of gelatin on the phenol content and antioxidant capacity of a marshmallow.
Design/methodology/approach: A 32 factorial design was carried out adding honey concentrations of 0, 50 and 75 % and grenetins of 265, 300 and 315 ºBloom.
Results: The addition of honey increased the phenol content and antioxidant activity by more than 45 % compared to samples without honey. Sensory analysis did not show differences in taste, smell and mouthfeel between samples with and without honey, however, higher ºBloom improved the texture and appearance of the marshmallows.
Limitations of the study/implications: The sweetness of the marshmallows with honey increased with the concentration of the honey, being excessive for consumers.
Findings/conclusions: Marshmallows made with honey are a viable alternative for introduction to the confectionery market.Objective: To evaluate the effect of adding honey and the gelatin degrees Bloom in the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of a marshmallow product.
Design/methodology/approach: A 32 factorial design was carried out adding 0, 50 and 75% honey concentrations and 265, 300 and 315 degrees Bloom of gelatin.
Results: Adding of honey increased the phenolic content and antioxidant activity by 45% compared to samples without honey. Sensory analysis showed no differences in flavor, aroma and mouthfeel between samples with and without honey, however, higher degrees bloom improved the texture and appearance of the marshmallows.
Limitations of the study/implications: The sweetness of honey-added marshmallows increased with the honey concentration, being excessive for consumers.
Findings/conclusions: Functional honey-added marshmallow is a viable alternative that can be feasibly introduced to the confectionery market
Analysis of structure and function of an agroecological beacon: The case of the Agroecological Educational Center Los Álamos: SUMMARY
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Objective: Determine if the Los Alamos Agroecological Education Center (CEA) meets the elements of structure and function to be identified as an agroecological lighthouse.
Design/methodology/approach: A CEA case study was constructed to understand both the context and the structural and functional characteristics that are currently configured. In a second stage, a comparative analysis of the structural and functional characteristics of the agroecological lighthouses was performed with the data generated in the case study. In the third stage, the factors that allow or prevent the CEA from developing as an agroecological lighthouse will be analyzed. The whole of the research was carried out with a mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative).
Results: The CEA performs and fulfills in the youth sector, the characteristic function of agroecological lighthouses as it is an effective tool for education, training, exchange of knowledge and promotion of agroecology, favoring the dissemination and scaling up in the peasant communities where young people come from who participate in the CEA.
Limitations on study/implications: The results are only applicable to the case under study due to the limitations of this methodology in that its results do not allow the elaboration of general explanations.
Findings/conclusions: The CEA has enough elements to classify it as a sectoral agroecological lighthouse, which is providing a methodological and strategic light to respond to the challenge of the intergenerational transmission of knowledge, knowledge and agroecological projects in the rural indigenous youth field.
Keywords: Agroecology, agroecological lighthouse, social and rural development.Objective: To determine whether the Agroecological Educational Center Los Álamos (Centro Educativo Agroecológico Los Álamos, CEA), located in the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico, fulfills the elements of structure and function to be identified as an agroecological beacon.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A mixed approach was used (quantitative and qualitative). A study case of the CEA was constructed to understand both the context and the structural and functional characteristics that currently configure it. First, an exhaustive review of secondary information related to the structure and functioning of agroecological beacons in other regions or countries was made. In a second stage, a comparative analysis of the structural and functional characteristics of agroecological beacons was conducted with the data generated in the study case. In the third stage, factors were analyzed that make possible or limit the CEA to develop as an agroecological beacon.
Results: The CEA performs and fulfills with participant youth the function of agroecological beacon, since it is an efficient tool for education, training, knowledge exchange and promotion of agroecology. This favors its dissemination and scaling in the peasant communities where the young people who participate in the CEA are from.
Study Limitations/Implications: The results are only applicable to the study case due to the limitations present in this methodology in terms of its results not allowing to elaborate general explanations.
Findings/Conclusions: The CEA complies with sufficient elements to catalog it as a sectorial agroecological beacon, which is contributing a methodological and strategic light to respond to the challenge of inter-generational transmission of understanding, knowledge and agroecological projects in the peasant indigenous youth spher
In vitro establishment and multiplication of Aechmea fasciata (Lindl.) Baker, a bromeliad of commercial interest
Get PDFObjective: To develop a protocol for the aseptic in vitro establishment and multiplication of Aechmea fasciata (Lindl.) Baker.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Different concentrations of NaClO (2, 3, 4, and 5%) were assessed for the aseptic establishment of A. fasciata. During the shoot induction stage, the three following treatments were tested: T1 = 6-benzyladenine + naphthalene-1-acetic acid (BA + ANA; 5 + 2 mg L-1); T2 = zeatin + 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (Zea + 2,4-D; 5 + 2 mg L-1); and T3 = control with no plant growth regulators. During the shoot multiplication stage, three more treatments were assessed: T1 = Zea + 2,4-D (2.5 + 1 mg L-1); T2 = Zea + 2,4-D (5 + 2 mg L-1); and T3 = Zea + 2,4-D + gibberellic acid (AG3) (2.5 + 1 + 3.5 mg L-1). To assess the number of cellular events, different nitrate concentrations were tested in the medium (18.8, 39.4, and 60 mM NO3-). Finally, during the shoot regeneration stage, nine treatments derived from the combination of three concentrations of kinetin (KIN: 0, 0.1, and 0.5 mg L-1) and of indole-3-acetic acid (AIA: 0, 0.3, and 0.4) were assessed. Completely randomized designs were used in each stage. Duncan’s test (p ≤ 0.05) was used to compare the means during the shoot induction and multiplication stages. A regression analysis was carried out to study the aseptic establishment and a non-parametric test (Kruskal-Wallis) was made to assess the “amount of microshoots during regeneration” variable.
Results: A. fasciata aseptic explants with 4% NaClO were established. Shoot induction was most effective with the BA + ANA (5 + 2 mg L-1) treatment. The highest callus production was reported with the Zea + 2,4-D (5 + 2 mg L-1) treatment. The largest number of microshoots was obtained with high nitrate doses. Meanwhile, the most successful regeneration was achieved with the 0.1 mg KIN L-1 and 0.4 mg AIA L-1 treatment.
Study Limitations/Implications: The application of Zea and 2,4-D during multiplication induced callus formation.
Findings/Conclusions: Apical bud explants in an MS medium with BA and ANA present organogenesis. The use of Zea and 2,4-D forms calluses in the already established in vitro shoots, which regenerate with the use of KIN and AIA. Better microshoot coloring and development were achieved with MS salts, which have a medium nitrate content
PHENOTHYPIC DIVERSITY IN 15 WILD POPULATIONS OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
No full textABSTRACT
Objective: Generate information on the morpho-agronomic variability of 15 populations of wild tomato from different areas of Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: A completely randomized experimental design with 17 treatments (populations) and 10 replicates (individuals) was used. The experimental unit consisted of a single plant (individual), where sixty-four morphological and agronomic descriptors proposed by Bioversity International were evaluated. Analysis of variance was performed with repeated measures and the differences of means were compared by the Tukey (P ≤ 0.05) multiple range test. A principal component and multiple correspondence analysis were performed with the quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively.
Results: Wide variability in morphological and fruit quality attributes, such as consistency and total soluble solids, were found. Principal component analysis and multiple correspondence analysis explained phenotypic variation with 67.41 and 42.06 % in the first three components and dimensions, respectively. The most discriminatory traits were those of fruits and inflorescences, which separated the populations into four groups. The first group was integrated by plants with uniparous inflorescence, with heirloom-type red fruits and small to intermediate size; the second by uniparous and multiparous inflorescences, with cherry and grape-type fruits of yellow, orange and red colors, and very small size; the third by uniparous and forked inflorescences, with ball and cocktail-type fruits of red, orange and yellow colors, and small to intermediate size; and the fourth by uniparous inflorescence, with ball-type fruit of purple color and intermediate size.
Limitations on study/implications: To better understand the variability and phylogenetic relationships of these populations, a molecular characterization must be done.
Findings/conclusions: All wild populations showed high phenotypic variability in the vegetative and reproductive phases, the fruit and inflorescence characteristics contributed the most to their discrimination. The most frequent fruit shapes were slightly flattened and rounded, and the fruit sizes were very small and small. Generally, the indeterminate plants showed higher degrees Brix than the semi-determinate ones. The red fruits had higher Brix than oranges, yellow and purple, but the latter had better flavor. A type of leaf not reported in the descriptors for tomato was discovered, which was called ‘with sprouts’.
Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum L., native populations, mor-pho-agronomic characterization.RESUMEN
Objetivo: Generar información sobre la variabilidad morfo-agronómica de 15 poblaciones silvestres de tomate, originarias de diferentes zonas de México.
Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con 17 tratamientos (poblaciones) y 10 repeticiones (individuos). La unidad experimental consistió de una planta (individuo), donde se evaluaron sesenta y cuatro descriptores morfológicos y agronómicos propuestos por Bioversity Internacional. Se realizó un análisis de varianza con medidas repetidas y se comparó las diferencias de medias por la prueba de rangos múltiples Tukey (P ≤ 0.05). Las variables cuantitativas y cualitativas se sometieron a un análisis de componentes principales y de correspondencias múltiple, respectivamente.
Resultados: Se encontró amplia variabilidad en características morfológicas y en atributos de calidad de fruto, como consistencia y sólidos solubles totales. Los análisis de componentes principales y de correspondencia múltiple explicaron la variación fenotípica con 67.41 y 42.06 % en los primeros tres componentes y dimensiones, respectivamente. Las características más discriminantes fueron las de frutos e inflorescencias, que separaron a las poblaciones en cuatro grupos. El primero se integró por plantas con inflorescencias multíparas, con frutos tipo ‘heirloom’ de color rojo y tamaños pequeños a intermedios; el segundo por inflorescencias uníparas y multíparas, con frutos tipo ‘cherry’ y ‘grape’ de colores amarillo, naranja y rojo, y tamaños muy pequeños; el tercero por inflorescencias uníparas y bifurcadas, con frutos tipo bola y ‘cocktail’ de colores rojo, naranja y amarillo, y tamaños pequeños a intermedios; y el cuarto por inflorescencias uníparas, con frutos tipo bola de color morado y tamaños intermedios.
Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Para entender mejor la variabilidad y relaciones filogenéticas de estas poblaciones, se debe realizar una caracterización molecular.
Hallazgos/conclusiones: Todas las poblaciones silvestres mostraron una alta variabilidad fenotípica en las fases vegetativa y reproductiva, siendo las características de fruto e inflorescencia las que más contribuyeron a su discriminación. Las formas de frutos más frecuentes fueron ligeramente aplanadas y redondeadas, y los tamaños de frutos fueron muy pequeños y pequeños. Generalmente, las plantas indeterminadas mostraron grados Brix más altos que las semi determinadas. Los frutos rojos tuvieron Brix más altos que los naranjas, amarillos y morados, pero estos últimos mostraron mejor sabor. Se descubrió un tipo de hoja no reportado en los descriptores para tomate, el cual se denominó ‘con brotes’.
Palabras clave: Solanum lycopersicum L., poblaciones nativas, caracterización morfo-agronómica.