Revista Agro Productividad
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Good aquaculture production practices and detection of pathogens in rainbow trout alevins
Get PDFObjective: Evaluate compliance with Good Aquaculture Production Practices (BPPA) in Aquaculture Production Units (UPAs) for the incubation of rainbow trout eggs and detection of Aeromonas salmonicida and Aeromonas hydrophila using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Design/methodology/approach: Seven egg incubation UPAs were located in Puebla and three in Veracruz. A structured questionnaire was applied to assess compliance with BPPA. Samples were taken from batches of trout hatchlings and analyzed for the presence of A. salmonicida and A. hydrophila using PCR. The results were compared with the health characteristics of the fish from each batch.
Results: The UPAs certified for BPPA complied with authority recommendations and did not present fish morbidity. The UPAs that complied with fewer BPPA regulations had sanitary/health problems. Aeromonas hydrophila was detected in fish from UPAs that were less compliant with BPPA regulations. Aeromonas salmonicida was not detected.
Study limitations/implications: Failure to comply with BPPA can cause infection from other trout pathogens that were not considered in this study.
Findings/conclusions: Compliance with BPPA reduces health risks in the UPAs that incubate trout eggs.Objective: To evaluate the compliance with Good Aquaculture Practices (GAPs) in the Health Compliance Units (UPAs) during the incubation of rainbow trout eggs and to identify the presence of Aeromonas salmonicida and Aeromonas hydrophila using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Seven and three egg incubation UPAs were identified in Puebla and Veracruz, respectively. An structured questionnaire was applied to evaluate the compliance with the GAPs. Samples were collected from the trout avelin batches and were analyzed in search of A. salmonicida and A. hydrophila using the PCR technique. The results were compared with the health characteristics of the fish of each batch.
Results: The GAP-certified UPAs comply with the recommendations made by the authorities and do not show morbidity. UPAs that comply with less GAP points have health issues. A. hydrophila was detected in batches with a lower compliance with the GAPs. The presence of A. salmonicida was not identified.
Study Limitations/Implications: The lack of compliance with the GAPs can lead to infection by other trout pathogens (not taken into consideration in this study).
Findings/Conclusions: Compliance with the GAPs reduces the health risk at the rainbow trout egg incubation UPAs
Mass propagation of tobala mezcal maguey (Agave potatorum Zucc.) in a temporary immersion system compared with a solid medium
Get PDFObjective: To assess a temporary immersion system for the in vitro propagation of Agave potatorum Zucc., compared with the traditional micropropagation technique that uses a solid medium. Design/Methodology/Approach: The effect of treatments in a solid medium with low and high doses of the BA (Benzylaminopurine) growth regulator (0.5 mg L-1 and 2 mg L-1) on the number of sprouts per explant was assessed in a first phase. Since the best treatment was 2 mg L-1 of BA, three forms of propagation were considered: solid medium, liquid medium in a paper bridge, and liquid medium in a temporary immersion system. Results: From the initial test, an average of 6.6 shoots per explant were obtained with 2 mg L-1 of BA. Regarding the different systems, the solid medium, the paper bridge, and the temporary immersion system recorded 6.4, 7.2, and 14.4 shoots per explant, respectively. Findings/Conclusions: Mass sprout production is higher in the temporary immersion system, as a consequence of the use of a liquid medium that increases the absorption of nutrients and regulators, combined with the injection of air with oxygen that can accelerate cellular processes
Nutrient removal and yield of different maize hybrids
Get PDFObjective: to determine the macro and micronutrient removal values and potential yield of different hybrids, and, also to determine the relationship between grain nutrient removal and grain yield.
Design/methodology/approach: to assess correlations and determine the association degree between the nutrient removal values and grain yield.
Results: the total nutrient removal values were in N> K> Ca> Mg> P, and Mn> Fe> Zn> B> Cu order, which are higher values when compared to another research. Also, these provide the mineral content in grains, which is a nutritional quality-related parameter.
Limitations on study/implications: increasing the number of hybrids, different fertilization rates, different soil conditions, and crop management practices should be evaluated to assess whether these influence/inhibit the final nutrient concentration and total removal in grain.
Findings/conclusions: The total grain nutrient removal values varied as a function of hybrids, yield goal, and nutrient concentration in tissues.
These values allow the adjustment of current fertilization rates. The same hybrids under different management practices (fertilization dose), or soil types, substantially influence the grain nutrient concentration and therefore total nutrient removal
Effect of aminoethoxyvinylglycine addition on the floral bud opening of Ranunculus asiaticus L cultivars
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the effect of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) additions on several growth variables of R. asiaticus in a greenhouse under a typically dry environment of the Mexicali valley.
Design/methodology/approach: The variables determined were, bud opening rate, flower diameter, height of stem and bud growing rate and completely randomized block experimental design under a 2 by 4 factorial arrangement and three replicates was used for setting up the treatments with rates AVG of 0,100,150 and 200ppm over La Belle Deep Rose (DER) and La Belle Dark Orange (DAR) R. asiaticus cultivars.
Results: The optimal dose of AVG for reducing flower bud diameter on both cultivars were those of 200 and 100 ppm respectively. Also, AVG addition had a significant effect in reducing stem height and growing rate for both cultivars.
Limitations on study/implications: The use of AVG has shown good results as inhibitor of ethylene synthesis and extension of shelf life in carnations, snap dragons (Antirrhinum), ripening of fruits, and to reduce abortion of female flowers in certain species of walnuts, so, based on the above and considering the lack of information regarding the use of AVG inhibitor in the opening of Persian Buttercup flower buds was used AVG in R. asiaticus.
Findings/conclusions: AVG addition on plants of R. asiaticus had a significant effect reducing growth, both in diameter and height in the La Belle Deep Rose (DER) and La Belle Dark Orange (DAR) varietie
Influence of Funneliformis mosseae in the growth and accumulation of dry biomass in Dalia plants
Get PDFObjetive: in the production of Dahlia spp., only chemical fertilization has been used, and an option that has not yet been explored is the implementation of a microbial inoculant. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae on the growth and development of the dahlia (Dahlia variabilis var. Variegated dwarf).
Design/methodology/approach: the seeds were sown in polyethylene bags containing a mixture of black soil, peat moss, and agrolite. A completely randomized design was used, and the treatment structure was 2x3 factorial. The study factors were F. mosseae, chemical fertilization, and substrate sterilization.
Results: an analysis of variance was performed, and the mean values of the treatments were compared with Tukey’s test (α = 0.05).
Conclusions: with the inoculation of F. mosseae, a significant increase was obtained in the study variables: plant height, stem diameter, number of buds and flowers per plant; leaf + stem, flower, root, and total biomass, compared to non-inoculated plants. A colonization of 89 % in the roots was recorded. A limitation of the study is that the effect of the inoculum on plant growth can vary according to the mycorrhiza species used. In conclusion, inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae increased growth and biomass accumulation in Dahlia plants
Geopedological transects in karst landscapes in Campeche, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: To know the spatial variability of landforms and their relationship in the soil geography of the state of Campeche, Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: Two transects were made under the geopedological approach, where soil cartographic material and geomorphology at the landscape level were used, which were corrected using geomatics techniques, generating a mapping of the landforms at scale 1:100,000. Soil profiles were made from west to east, taking priority the diversity of landforms, consequently generating the geopedological transects.
Results: The results indicate that in plains landscapes such as P and Lf hydromorphic processes occur, the soil is deep and rich in organic sediments, the soil units were classified within the Histosol and Gleysol groups. The transitional EBDe landscape with no apparent dissection presents relatively convex landforms with little inclination and moderately deep and well-developed soils, classified within the Cambisol group. On the other hand, the EBPD landscape presents higher elevation and dissection, the soil is mainly shallow with little or no pedon development and is related to convex landforms, the soil units belong to the Leptosol group. For the elevated plains landforms, a relation with the Luvisol group was obtained.
Limitations on study/implications: The understanding of the geomorphology-soil relationships of a certain region provide the basis for establishing soil distribution models, which will facilitate work on soil mapping and spatial planning.
Findings/conclusions: Campeche has a great complexity of reliefs at the level of landforms, generating and keeping the terrain cartography updated will help to improve the planning of productive and conservation projects.Objective: Apples cultivated in Mexico generally are smaller and softer than those produced in other geographical latitudes considered as optimal for apple production. The aim of this evaluation was determine the effect of applications with calcium, nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, sulfur and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), as well as the harvest date on the quality of apple fruits. Methodology ‘Golden Smoothie’ apple trees were treated foliarly with CaCl2 with and without NAA, and with a mixture of N, K, Mg and S or gypsum applied to soil for two years. Apples were harvested at 141 (regular harvest date), 161 (mid-late harvest) and 171 days (late harvest) after full bloom (DAFB) and evaluated for quality at harvest time and during their storage at 0°C for up to 179 days. Results: Foliar applications of CaCl2 significantly increased the calcium content in fruit and leaves, but fruit quality, including firmness, was not influenced. Fertilization of soil with the mixture of nutrients, including CaSO4, did not influence the fruit quality. Lately harvested fruit was 14.9% heavier but 17.1% softer than fruit picked at the commercial harvest date. Delaying of fruit harvest reduced about 43 d the storability of fruit. Based in these results, the relative softness of apples grown in Mexico is not related with its calcium content, hence unlikely to be overcome with the application of this mineral. Conclusions: Even in the control fruits, both seasons, the stored fruits do not show some physiological disorder as bitter pi
Linkage to the market of jalapeño pepper producers through supplier development in Quintana Roo
Get PDFObjective. Analyze the characteristics and demand for jalapeño pepper in the restaurant sector in Quintana Roo to identify the supply requirements of this sector. Design / methodology / approach A random sample of 72 restaurants surveyed online was used. Results. 87.5% of restaurants have been established in less than six years, and although most of the establishments sell Mexican food, only 41.6% are interested in supplying jalapeño pepper producers. Limitations/implications. Formalizing a supply strategy requires the social capital of the producers. Findings/conclusions. Restaurants require consistent delivery frequency, product size, spicy pepper, and color.Objective: To analyze the jalapeño pepper characteristics and demand of the restaurant sector in Quintana Roo, in order to identify the supply requirements of this sector.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A random sample of n=73 restaurants were surveyed online.
Results: Most of the restaurants (87.5%) have been in business for less than six years and —although most of them sell Mexican food— only 41.6% are interested in purchasing jalapeño peppers from the producers.
Study Limitations/Implications: Producers must invest their social capital in order to firmly establish a supply strategy.
Findings/Conclusions: The restaurants that purchase jalapeño pepper demand a constant delivery frequency, size, pungency level, and specific color
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) production in Huatusco, Veracruz, Mexico: Avocado production
No full textObjective: Characterize the avocado production system in Huatusco, Veracruz.
Design/methodology/approach: Interviews based on the snowball method were applied to avocado producers in Huatusco, Veracruz, and fruit and water samples were also taken to perform a multiresidual analysis of pesticides.
Results: The plantations are rainfed and in monoculture with a density of 100-150 trees/ha. The Hass variety predominates on Andosols soils, and slopes of 5-100%. Most of the producers (92 %) carry out conventional management with the application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. In the control of weeds, in addition to herbicides, they use brush cutters. No pesticides were detected in the water samples, while Imidacloprid, Thiabendazole and α-Cypermethrin were identified in a fruit sample with concentrations allowed in Mexico of 0.0038±0.0014 mg/kg, 0.0022±0.0009 mg/kg and 0.0703±0000 mg /kg, respectively.
Limitations on study/implications: Detailed and frequent sampling of avocado fruits should be carried out to determine pesticide residues. This type of analysis should also be carried out on running water near the avocado orchards.
Findings/conclusions: The empirical knowledge of the producers in the case of soils is more specific than the scientific classification, since they identify five classes of land beyond Andosols. On the other hand, there is a marked inequality in land ownership given that 25% of the producers (large scale) own 86% of the established area. Although the concentrations of pesticides in a preliminary sampling did not exceed the limits of residues allowed in the avocado pulp, it is recommended to reduce the number of pesticide applications.Objective: To characterize the avocado production system in Huatusco, Veracruz.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Interviews based on the snowball method were applied to avocado producers in Huatusco, Veracruz. Meanwhile, fruit and water samples were used to perform a multiresidue analysis of pesticides.
Results: The monoculture plantations are rainfed. They have a density of 100-150 trees ha-1. The Hass variety predominates in Andosols, with 5-100% slopes. Most of the producers (92%) carry out conventional management, applying pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Herbicides and brushcutters are used to control weeds. No pesticides were detected in the water samples, while Imidacloprid, Thiabendazole, and alpha-Cypermethrin were identified in a fruit sample, with 0.0038 ± 0.0014 mg/kg, 0.0022 ± 0.0009 mg/kg and 0.0703 ± 0.000 mg /kg concentrations, respectively. These concentrations fall within the limits allowed in Mexico.
Study Limitations/Implications: A detailed and frequent sampling of avocado fruits should be carried out to determine pesticide residues. It is also necessary to analyze samples of running water near the orchards to prevent pollution.
Findings/Conclusions: The empirical knowledge of the producers about the type of soil is more precise than the scientific classification: they identify five classes of soils beyond Andosols. Additionally, there is a marked inequality in land tenure, since large-scale producers (25% of all producers) own 86% of the established area. Although, in a preliminary sampling, pesticide concentrations did not exceed the limits of residues allowed in the avocado pulp, the number of pesticide applications should be reduced
ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by chemical precipitation to increase germination and bioactive compounds in sprouts of Raphanus sa-tivus L.
Get PDFABSTRACT
Objective: To examine the influence of priming with zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs-ZnO) on germination, photosynthetic pigments, phenolic compounds and zinc content of radish sprouts.
Design/methodology/approach: A total of five NPs-ZnO treatments and one control treatment each with four replications under a completely randomized design were evaluated.
Results: The NPs-ZnO evaluated increased the variables of germination, photosynthetic pigments, phenolic compounds and zinc content compared to untreated radish sprouts.
Limitations on study/implications: It is difficult to establish a response model of the effects of NPs because the shape, size, surface charge, chemical composition and concentration of NPs can cause different impacts on seed germination.
Findings/conclusions: The use of NPs-ZnO could be an effective way to enrich crops, since moving Zn through plant tissues will cause an accumulation of this micronutrient.
Keywords: Raphanus sativus, nanofertilizer, zinc oxideObjective: To examine how priming radish (Raphanus sativus L.) sprouts with zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs-ZnO) affects their germination, photosynthetic pigments, phenolic compounds, and zinc content.
Design/methodology/approach: We evaluated five NPs-ZnO treatments and a control sample with four replications under a completely randomized design.
Results: Sprouts treated with NPs-ZnO showed increased germination variables, photosynthetic pigments, phenolic compounds, and zinc content as compared to untreated radish sprouts.
Study limitations/implications: It is hard to establish a response model for the effects of NPs since their shape, size, surface charge, chemical composition, and concentration may have a differentiated impact on seed germination.
Findings/conclusions: Using NPs-ZnO could be an effective way to enrich crops, since the passage of Zn through plant tissues will cause an accumulation of this micronutrient
WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT IN THE COFFEE PRODUCTION SECTOR IN THE HIGH MOUNTAINS REGION, VERACRUZ, MEXICO
Get PDFObjective: to characterize the profile and level of empowerment of women in coffee production in the Las Altas Montañas region, Veracruz.
Design / methodology: It was evaluated from two scenarios; as a woman owner of the coffee production (MDP) and as the wife of the coffee producer (EFP). The study was carried out in five municipalities considering a “non-probabilistic” sample, 80 questionnaires with a Likert-type scale were applied in Coatepec, Huatusco Sochiapa, Tlaltetela and Zentla.
Results: The ages in both profiles range between 41 and 60 years, the marital status of the MDPs is: 20% single and 23% divorced, for the EFP 80% are married. Schooling for MDPs is higher than for VETs. 78% of MDPs have two or more occupations, while VETs are housewives (68%). At the level of empowerment, the MDPs presented a high level with 65% and a medium empowerment in 35% of them. In the GFS, 45% high and 55% medium were obtained.
Limitations and implications: Survey on the perception of producers (men) regarding the participation of women in the sector and their empowerment.
Conclusion: The level of empowerment is higher in women owners of production, which allows them greater leadership and autonomy in decision-making compared to women who depend economically on the producer, since this dependence defines both the role they exercise with their independence in making decisions.Objective: To characterize the profile and empowerment level of women in the coffee (Coffea arabica L.) production sector in the High Mountains Region, Veracruz, Mexico.
Design/methodology: The assessment considered two scenarios: women coffee production owners (MDP) and coffee producers’ wives (EFP). The study was conducted in five municipalities with a “non-probabilistic” sample. Eighty questionnaires with a Likert-type scale were applied in the municipalities of Coatepec, Huatusco, Sochiapa, Tlaltetela, and Zentla, Veracruz.
Results: The age of women in both profiles ranged between 41 and 60 years. Marital status for MDP is 20% single and 23% divorced, while 80% of the EFP are married. Education level among MDP is higher than among EFP. Most MDP have two or more jobs (78%), while EFP are mostly housewives (68%). Most MDP (65%) presented a high empowerment level and 35% a medium level. Among EFP, 45% had a high empowerment level and 55% a medium level.
Limitations and implications: Survey on how male producers perceive women’s participation and empowerment within the coffee sector.
Conclusion: Empowerment level is higher among women production owners —since this allows them to show leadership and autonomy in decision-making— than among women who depend economically on a male producer. This dependency limits the role women play in decision-making