Revista Agro Productividad
Not a member yet
2268 research outputs found
Sort by
Multifunctionality in maize production systems in the Mixteca Alta region of Oaxaca: Multifunctionality in corn production systems in the mixteca alta region Oaxaca
No full textABSTRACT
Objective: Infer the role of multifunctionality of milpa systems in the high Mixtec region of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: the methodological framework of the Index of Multifunctionality of Agricultural Production Systems (IMSPA) was used, applying semi-structured interviews to producers.
Results: the level of multifunctionality of each of the corn systems evaluated was determined, highlighting the Milpa Interspersed with Fruit Trees as the system with the highest multifunctionality and potential attributes for local development.
Limitations on study/implications: The paradigm of some producers to the change in their plots, usually leads to a negativity in participation and mistrust in this type of research.
Findings/conclusions: It is necessary to follow up on multifunctionality evaluations, there are systems that are in a line where they can advance or regress in terms of their functions.Objective: To infer the role of multifunctionality in the milpa systems of the Mixteca Alta region of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodological framework of the Multifunctionality Index of Agricultural Production Systems (IMSPA) was used, applying semi-structured interviews to producers.
Results: The multifunctionality level of each evaluated systems was determined and the Milpa Intercropped with Fruit Trees (MIAF) showed the greatest multifunctionality and potential attributes for local development.
Study Limitations/Implications: The resistance among producers to make changes in their plots usually leads to a refusal to participate and to mistrust this type of research.
Findings/Conclusions: It is necessary to follow up on multifunctionality evaluations, since some systems are at a point where their functions can advance or regress
Agronomic characterization of pigmented native corn populations (Zea mays L.)
Get PDFABSTRACT
Objective: We performed the agronomical characterization of 52 pigmented corn populations from the state of Coahuila in order to identify those with outstanding agronomical potential and also to establish the genetic background of a breeding program focused in the improvement of varieties with grain yield potential, adaptation capacity to the regional production conditions and of superior nutritional and bioactive contents. Design/methodology: Through an incomplete block design in an alpha lattice arrangement, we evaluated two experiments in two representative locations of the southeastern agricultural area of Coahuila: a) Yellow populations, mostly from Tuxpeño, Ratón and Tuxpeño Norteño races and b) Anthocyanic populations (blue, red and purple), mainly represented by Cónico Norteño, Elotes Cónicos and Ratón races.
Results: The results showed a contrasting environmental effect between locations, with differences in grain yield up to 78 %; a 25 days’ difference in flowering, 53 cm in plant height and up to 8 plants without ear; this performance was due to the agricultural potential of each location. We observed that in both locations the yellow populations outstanding by their superior performance were: from the Tuxpeño race: COAH068, COAH089, COAH177 and COAH215, and Celaya race: COAH075. The outstanding anthocyanin populations were: Ratón race: COAH23 and COAH203, Elotes Cónicos race: COAH246 and COAH019, and Elotes Occidentales race: COAH021. Also we found populations with adaptation to a location.
Conclusions: We consider that among the diversity of the pigmented corn from Coahuila there are populations of superior agronomic expression that could be used as the genetic background to improve the production and the nutritional quality of the grain and the food products that can be derived from them.Objective: To characterize agronomically 52 populations of pigmented native corn (Zea mays L.) from Coahuila, Mexico, in order to identify varieties with outstanding agronomic potential and to establish an improvement program with potential for grain yield, with the ability to adapt, and superior nutritional bioactive content.
Design/Methodology: Two experiments were evaluated through an incomplete block design in lattice alpha arrangement, in two localities that are representative of the agricultural area of southeastern Coahuila: a) Yellow populations, mostly of Tuxpeño, Ratón and Tuxpeño Norteño; and b) Anthocyanin populations (blue, red and purple), represented primarily by Cónico Norteño, Elotes Cónicos and Ratón.
Results: There is an environmental effect that contrasts between localities, with differences in grain yield of up to 78%; 25 days of difference in flowering, 53 cm in plant height, and up to seven plants without cobs. The response was product of the agricultural potential in each locality. The outstanding yellow populations due to their superior yield expression in both localities were the landraces Tuxpeño: COAH068, COAH089, COAH177 and COAH215, and Celaya: COAH075. The outstanding anthocyanin populations were Ratón: COAH23 and COAH203; Elotes Cónicos: COAH246 and COAH019; and Elotes Occidentales: COAH021; in addition, the study found populations adapted to a locality.
Conclusion: Among the diversity of the pigmented native corn in Coahuila, there are populations with superior agronomic expression that can be the basis for improving the production, the nutritional quality of the grain, and therefore, of its byproducts
Seed germination of four amaranth species (Amaranthus spp.)
Get PDFAmaranth (Amarantus spp.) is an important species for its benefits in human and animal nutrition, therefore, the reproduction of these species is important, supported by rigorous experiments that generate quality information. Consequently, the present work aimed to determine the germination of 20 accessions of four species of Amaranthus spp. This was carried out at the Technological Institute of Chiná, Campeche, Mexico, with seeds donated by The North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station (NCRPIS), Iowa State University, from Africa, Asia, Greece, South America, USA, and Mexico. The seeds were weighed and measured, then they were sown in Petri dishes and kept in a germination chamber at 27 ºC and a relative humidity of 54 % in the dark, every 24 hours the germinated seeds were counted and removed. The analyzes were performed using the ANOVA test to identify differences in weight, length and germination between accessions. The results did not show statistical differences in seed length, between species or between accessions, with respect to weight if there were statistical differences both between species and between accessions. The results showed that A. hypochondriacus from India had the highest weight (0.00093 ± 0.000075 g). Germination did obtain statistical differences in the different evaluation times, at 24 and 48 hours, where the highest germination was in the species A. hypochondriacus and A cruentus. Therefore, it is concluded that seed germination is different in each species and accession.Amaranthus (Amaranthus spp.) is a species of great importance that benefits human and animal nutrition; therefore, its reproduction must be based on useful information obtained from rigorous experiments. Consequently, the aim of this work was to determine the germination of 20 accessions from four Amaranthus spp. The work was carried out at the Instituto Tecnológico de Chiná, Campeche, Mexico, using seeds from Africa, Asia, Greece, South America, the US, and Mexico, donated by The North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station (NCRPIS), Iowa State University. After they were weighed and measured, the seeds were placed in Petri dishes and kept in the dark inside a germination chamber, at 27 ºC and with a 54% relative humidity. Germinated seeds were counted and removed every 24 hours. The analyses were carried out using the ANOVA test in order to identify weight, length, and germination differences between accessions. The results showed no statistical differences in seed length, neither between species nor accessions; however, there were statistical differences in the weight, both between species and between accessions. A. hypochondriacus from India recorded the highest weight (0.00093 ± 0.000075 g). Regarding germination, there were statistical differences between the various evaluation periods (24 and 48 hours): the highest germination was recorded by A. hypochondriacus and A cruentus. Therefore, the following conclusion was reached: seed germination is different between species and accessions
Comparison of aqueous extracts of Citrus × aurantium and Aloe vera L. as fungistatic control of Fusarium spp
Get PDFObjective: In this work, the fungistatic capacity of extracts obtained from Citrus × aurantium (sour orange) and Aloe vera, was evaluated on phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium sp.
Design/methodology/approach: Three aqueous extracts were performed (aloe: peel, aloe: peel and gel, sour orange: peel). The ability to inhibition in the in vitro growth of a fusarium sp. ml, 500 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 70 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml in each The extracts, a witness was added which was sterilized purified water, the radial creation was measured based on the infected disk to the edge of the mycelium diameter day by day.
Results: The extracts that managed to obtain a good response in inhibition were the ethanolic extracts in concentrations of 100 and 70 mg of aloe in 1 ml of agar, the concentration of 70 mg of orange in 1 ml of agar and in the aqueous extract of aloe: Cascara and 100 mg concentration gel extract in 1.0 ml of agar
Findings/conclusions: The aqueous aloe extract, proved to have inhibitory potential in the radial growth of fusarium of 47.5%.Objective: To evaluate the fungistatic capacity of aqueous extracts obtained from Citrus × aurantium (sour orange) and Aloe vera L. on phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium spp.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Three aqueous extracts were made (aloe peel, aloe peel and gel, and sour orange peel). The inhibition capacity in the in vitro growth of a Fusarium spp. strain was measured using the following concentrations: 750 µg/mL, 500 µg/mL, 250 µg/mL, 1 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, 70 mg/mL, and 100 mg /mL in each extract. The control was sterile distilled water. The radial growth of the mycelium was measured daily, starting from the infected disc up to the edge of its diameter.
Results: The following extracts recorded a good inhibitory response: 100- and 70-mg concentrations of aloe peel and gel in 1 mL of agar; 70-mg concentration of orange in 1 mL of agar; and 100-mg concentration of aloe peel in 1 mL of agar.
Findings/Conclusions: The aqueous extract of aloe had a 47.5 % inhibitory potential in the radial growth of Fusarium
Agronomic and phytosanitary characterization of tomato production in the Comiteca- Tojolabal Plateau
Get PDFObjective: Agronomic and phytosanitary characterization of tomato production units of the Meseta Comiteca-Tojolabal, Chiapas.
Design/methodology/approach: Seventy-six tomato fields were sampled and the same number of surveys were applied to their respective farmers regarding agronomic practices and phytosanitary status of the crop.
Results: Tomatoes are grown in shade-houses, on plots that mostly do not exceed half a hectare. The most common practices are crop rotation, one tomato cycle per year, incorporation of previous crop residues, and fertilization every 5-8 days. For phytosanitary management, foliar sprays are commonly performed every 5-8 days. Sixty seven percent of producers pre-treat seedlings to prevent diseases and pests. Ninety five percent perform applications of bactericides and fungicides to the roots, during the first 45 days of the crop. The most important pests and diseases are the whitefly, thrips, Bactericera sp, late blight, virus diseases and wilts. The incidence of diseased plants due to root and vascular diseases ranges from zero to 38%. However, low values were more frequent. The severity of wilting at the regional level is low, since 90 % of the evaluated plants did not present symptoms.
Limitations on study/implications: This is the first work that describes agronomic and phytosanitary aspects of tomato cultivation in this region. More research is required with this approach; this work will be the basis for further studies.
Findings/conclusions: Most of the tomato farms are less than 0.5 ha, with an intensive phytosanitary treatment with pesticides. In addition to chemical control, the cultural practices used may be contributing to a low incidence and severity of soil-borne diseases. The most important crop diseases are late blight and virosis.Objective: To characterize the agronomic and phytosanitary aspects of the tomato production units of the Comiteca-Tojolabal Plateau, Chiapas, Mexico.Design/Methodology/Approach: A random sampling of n=76 tomato fields was performed; agronomic practice surveys were applied to their respective farmers, and the phytosanitary status of each site was evaluated.Results: Tomatoes are grown in shade houses, in plots that mostly do not exceed 0.5 ha. The most common practices are crop rotation, one tomato cycle per year, incorporation of previous crop residues, and fertilization every 5-8 days. For phytosanitary management, foliar sprays are usually performed every 5-8 days. In order to prevent diseases and pests, 67% of producers pre-treat seedlings and 95% apply bactericides and fungicides to the roots during the first 45 days of the crop. The most important pests and diseases are whitefly, thrips, Bactericera sp., late blight, virosis, and wilt. The percentage of plants that suffer from root and vascular diseases ranges from 0-38%. However, low values were more frequent. The regional severity of wilting is low, since 90% of the plants evaluated did not present symptoms.
Study Limitations/Implications: This is the first work to describe the agronomic and phytosanitary aspects of tomato cultivation in this region. Additional research with this approach is required and this work will be the basis for further studies.Findings/Conclusions: Most of the tomato farms have less than 0.5 ha and their farmers carry out intensive phytosanitary management with pesticides. In addition to chemical control, the cultural practices used may contribute to a low incidence and severity of soil-borne diseases. The most important crop diseases are late blight and virosis
Lyophilized biopolymeric beads of chitosan-xanthan with edible fungus Laccaria laccata (Scop.) Cooke as forest ectomycorrhizal biofertilizers
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate whether the spores of the edible fungus Laccaria laccata (Scop.) Cooke encapsulated in a freeze-dried biopolymeric matrix of chitosan-xanthan are capable of causing ectomycorrhization in Pinus greggii Englem. trees in grenhouse.
Methodology: Pearls were made with the biopolymer chitosan-xanthan, in which spores of the edible ectomycorrhizal fungus L. laccata were encapsulated. Embedded spores were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to assess possible structural damage. Subsequently, these pearls were used as biofertilizers in a greenhouse bioassay using Pinus greggii plants to evaluate their ability to be ectomycorrhized. The bioassay lasted 270 days, when it was evaluated in order to check if there was ectomycorrhizal colonization, using stereoscopic and bright field microscopy. Additionally, it was evaluated if there was an increase in terms of growth in inoculated plants compared to non-inoculated plants 180 and 270 days after sowing.
Results: The encapsulated spores of L. laccata in the biopolymeric matrix formed ectomycorrhizae in the P. greggii roots. The percentages of ectomycorrhizal colonization in the plants varied from 80 to 90%, demonstrating that the production of biopolymeric pearls with chitosan-xanthan are capable of maintaining the viability of the spores of the ectomycorrhizal fungus evaluated, and of extensively colonizing the roots of Pinus greggii.
Limitations on study /Implications: Pearls encapsulated in a biopolymeric matrix containing spores of the fungus L. laccata are capable of inducing ectomycorrhization in trees of forest importance.
Conclusions: Encapsulated spores of an edible ectomycorrhizal fungus in the chitosan-xanthan biopolymer have potential as a forest biofertilizer, which opens the opportunity for industrial scaling.Objective: To evaluate whether or not the spores of the edible fungus Laccaria laccata (Scop.) Cooke encapsulated in a lyophilized biopolymeric matrix of chitosan-xanthan can cause ectomycorrhization in Pinus greggii Englem. trees under greenhouse conditions.
Methodology: Spores of the edible ectomycorrhizal fungus L. laccata were encapsulated in beads made with the chitosan-xanthan biopolymer. The embedded spores were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to evaluate possible structural damage. Next, these beads were used as biofertilizers in a greenhouse bioassay using Pinus greggii plants to evaluate their ability to be ectomycorrhized. The bioassay lasted 270 days. Subsequently, stereoscopic and bright field microscopy was used to determine if the roots of the pines had been subjected to an ectomycorrhizal colonization. Additionally, the growth of inoculated plants was evaluated compared to non-inoculated plants, 180 and 270 days after sowing.
Results: The spores of L. laccata encapsulated in the biopolymeric matrix formed ectomycorrhizae in the roots of P. greggii. The percentages of ectomycorrhizal colonization in the plants ranged from 80 to 90%, demonstrating that the production of chitosan-xanthan biopolymeric beads can maintain the viability of the spores of the ectomycorrhizal fungus evaluated and extensively colonize the roots of Pinus greggii.
Study Limitations/Implications: The biopolymeric matrix beads that contain spores of the fungus L. laccata can induce ectomycorrhization in trees of forest importance.
Conclusions: The spores of an edible ectomycorrhizal fungus encapsulated in the chitosan-xanthan biopolymer have potential as a forest biofertilizer, which opens the opportunity to scale its use up to an industrial level
Morphology and biochemistry of achacha (Garcinia humilis (Clusiaceae) (Vahl) C.D. Adam) fruits harvested at three consumption ripeness stages
Get PDFThree stages of maturity of Achachairú (Garcinia humilis) fruits were evaluated. It is a furto recently introduced to Chiapas and has high commercial potential. The most mature fruits presented outstanding biochemical parameters for consumption and better morphological characteristics in total weight, length, diameter and pulp-seed ratio compared to the fruits of the evaluated maturity stages. Regarding the color of the epicarp and pulp, the results allow the use of these variables as a harvest index with adequate training.Objective: To identify the morphological and biochemical variations of achacha (Garcinia humilis (Clusiaceae) (Vahl) C.D. Adam) in three ripeness stages of consumption.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The morphological and biochemical variables of fruits in three ripeness stages were evaluated to identify the preferred stage for consumption. We collected 15 fruits from 10 productive-stage trees (n=150) for each ripeness stage for their subsequent evaluation in the laboratory. The morphological and biochemical variables were evaluated in each one. Each fruit was considered an experimental unit. The morphological and biochemical variables were evaluated for each unit.
Results: Delaying the harvest for a few days increases the weight, length, diameter, and pulp:seed ratio of the fruits and decreases the firmness of the epicarp and the acidity. The °Brix increases and the fruits lose a considerable weight during storage. The pulp of the ripest fruits had light and unsaturated colors.
Study Limitations/Implications: Changes in the conditions of the production systems and the variation in the availability of rainwater throughout the year and from one year to another can cause variation in fruit quality.
Findings/Conclusions: The ripest fruits had outstanding biochemical parameters for its consumption and better morphological characteristics (length, total weight, diameter, and pulp:seed ratio). With adequate training, the results enable the color of the epicarp and the pulp variables to be used as a harvest index
Horses’ welfare during transport
Get PDFHorse transport is standard in the equine industry, and horses are transported for different reasons and activities. Therefore, knowing the factors involved during transport and horse management is critical. Horses are the most transported animals worldwide. However, this is a stressful event for horses. Factors such as vehicle type, driver's experience, length of journey, animal orientation in the vehicle, injuries, and diseases affect horses' welfare. Factors involved in horse transport might be known and considered to have adequate horse welfare.Objective: To review the literature related to horses’ welfare during transport.
Approach: Transporting horses is a common practice in the equine industry and obeys to different reasons and activities. Therefore, understanding the factors that intervene during transport and management of the horses is critical.
Limitations on study/implications: Horses are the most transported animals globally, this being a very stressful event. Different factors affect their welfare during this process, such as the type of vehicle, the driver’s expertise, the length of the trip, the orientation of the animal in the vehicle, lesions and diseases.
Conclusions: The factors involved in horses’ transport should be known and taken into account, to ensure the horses’ welfare
Conjugated probiotics dispensed from birth to weaning for the survival of goat kids
Get PDFa) Objective: To prevent morbidities, mortalities and increase weight gain and growth of kids by administering oral probiotic conjugate (PC).
b) Design/Methodology/Approach: A randomized design comparing treatments (supplemented dose), percentage of morbidity and percentage of mortality. Goats were administered weekly from birth to 56 days of age. PC of Bifidobacterium bifidum essensis, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus were dosed weekly. Treatments, TC: Control, T2: 2.0 mL PC/kg body weight (BW). T3: 3 mL PC/Kg BW. T4: 4 mL PC/Kg BW.
c) Results: Diarrhea was present in: TC = 16%, T2 = 1%, T3 and T4 = 0% (TC vs. T2, T3, T4, P <0.05). Mortality percentages: TC = 17%, T2, T3 and T4 = 0% (TC vs. T2, T3, T4, P <0.05). T2 and T3 had an increase (P <0.05) of 1.9 kg weight gain (WG) vs. TC. T3 was the best treatment at 56d (P <0.05).
d) Study Limitations/Implications: The doses used were defined based on other studies and experimental doses were used; the results consider that the facilities and management are optimal and in accordance with animal welfare standards.
e) Findings/Conclusions: The most adequate dose was 1014 CFU/kg BW since it improved WG and reduced mortality. It is suggested to compare oral doses of probiotics to reduce death due to enteric diseases.To prevent morbidities, mortalities and increase weight gain and growth of kids by administering oral probiotic conjugate (PC). Design/Methodology/Approach: A randomized design comparing treatments (supplemented dose), percentage of morbidity and percentage of mortality. Goats were administered weekly from birth to 56 days of age. PC of Bifidobacterium bifidum essensis, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus were dosed weekly. Treatments, TC: Control, T2: 2.0 mL PC/kg body weight (BW). T3: 3 mL PC/Kg BW. T4: 4 mL PC/Kg BW. Results: Diarrhea was present in: TC = 16%, T2 = 1%, T3 and T4 = 0% (TC vs. T2, T3, T4, P <0.05). Mortality percentages: TC = 17%, T2, T3 and T4 = 0% (TC vs. T2, T3, T4, P <0.05). T2 and T3 had an increase (P <0.05) of 1.9 kg weight gain (WG) vs. TC. T3 was the best treatment at 56d (P <0.05). Study Limitations/Implications: The doses used were defined based on other studies and experimental doses were used; the results consider that the facilities and management are optimal and in accordance with animal welfare standards. Findings/Conclusions: The most adequate dose was 1014 CFU/kg BW since it improved WG and reduced mortality. It is suggested to compare oral doses of probiotics to reduce death due to enteric diseases
Quality of a Cambisol at different times of agricultural use in the region of Los Ríos, Tabasco, Mexico.
Get PDFABSTRACT
Objective: Assessing the quality of a Cambisol soil with different times of agricultural use in the Los Ríos region (RR), Tabasco, Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: Four agricultural uses were selected in a Cambisol (CM): rainfed crops (CT), annual crops (CA), pasture (Pa) and secondary vegetation (VS), established in three stages (1984, 2000 and 2019), with four repetitions. Soil samples were collected from all surveyed sites with an auger at a depth of 0-30 cm. The following physico-chemical properties were determined in the soil samples: texture (T), bulk density (DA), aggregate stability (EA), pH, electrical conductivity (CE), organic matter (MO), total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). An analysis of variance of the factorial experiment was performed (significance level p=0.05). The variables that presented a significant effect were subjected to Tukey's multiple comparison of means test (significance level p=0.05).
Results: Statistically significant differences (p≤0.05) were obtained in the MO, P and K contents and in DA. High OM content in CM with VS at any time of establishment, shows better soil quality compared to CM with CT and CA. The high DA recorded in CM with Pa since 1984, indicates a degradation of soil quality due to compaction, as a result of grazing by extensive livestock.
Limitations on study/implications: Sustainable management practices are required to recover degraded CM.
Findings/conclusions: OM and DA contents were the best indicators of CM soil quality, affected by agricultural use change and time of use in the RR, Tabasco.
Objective: To evaluate the quality of a Cambisol at different times of agricultural use in the Los Ríos region (RR), Tabasco, Mexico.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Four agricultural uses were selected on a Cambisol (CM): rainfed crop (RC), annual crop (AC), pasture (Pa), and secondary vegetation (SV). These were established at three different times (1984, 2000, and 2019) with four replications. Soil was collected using an auger at a depth of 0-30 cm. The physicochemical properties of the soil—such as texture (T), bulk density (BD), aggregate stability (AS), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)—were determined. A factorial analysis of variance was performed (significance level p=0.05). Variables that showed a statistically significant effect were subjected to Tukey's multiple comparison test (significance level p=0.05).
Results: Statistically significant differences (p≤0.05) were obtained for OM, P, K, and BD contents. The high OM content present in CM with SV in all years shows a better soil quality compared to CM with RC and AC. The high BD recorded in CM with Pa since 1984 shows soil quality degradation by compaction resulting from grazing due to extensive livestock farming.
Study limitations/Implications: Sustainable management practices are required to recover degraded CM.
Findings/Conclusions: OM and BD contents were the best quality indicators for the CM affected by the change in agricultural use and time of use in RR, Tabasco