Revista Agro Productividad
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Organic food consumer behavior in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: Describe and characterize the behavior of organic food consumers, to define if there is a potential market in Hermosillo, Sonora.
Design/methodology/approach: Questionnaires were applied to consumers at points of sale and the data was analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: There is a segment that knows and buys organic products, which is not satisfied with the local supply of fruits and vegetables. In addition, purchases are intensified by consumers who take care of their diet, their health and who show positive attitudes towards the environment.
Limitations on study/implications: Focuses on a geographic area, so the extrapolation of the results must be taken with caution.
Findings/conclusions: In general, there is potential for local demand for organic produce. It is necessary to use appropriate marketing and segmentation strategies aimed at the profile found, so that merchants and farmers can position their products in the market.Objective: To describe and characterize the behavior of organic food consumers in Hermosillo, Sonora, in order to identify whether this location constitutes a potential market for said products.Design/Methodology/Approach: We asked consumers at points of purchase to answer a questionnaire. Then we analyzed the resulting data with descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: There is a market segment acquainted with organic products and willing to buy them. This segment is unsatisfied with the local offer of fruits and vegetables. The purchase of organic food increases amongconsumers who care about their diet and health, and who show positive attitudes toward the environment.Study limitations/Implications: The study focuses on a specific geographic area. Therefore, extrapolation of results must be done cautiously.Findings/Conclusions: Overall, there is a potential local demand for organic fruits and vegetables. Adequate marketing and segmentation strategies are necessary to address the identified consumer profile so that traders and farmers can position their products in the market
The impact of extensive grazing in the behavior of soluble sugars in Prosopis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) M.C.Johnst. trees
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the impact of extensive grazing in the accumulation of soluble sugars in Prosopis laevigata trees, whose leaves and fruits are directly consumed by cattle.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The ejido Emiliano Zapata in Durango was the study area. Stem and root samples were collected from a stand of extensive grazing and a stand without cattle. The sampling was carried out in three growth stages: March (flowering), June (fruition), and October (leaf fall). The samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen and were lyophilized. Afterwards, they were ground and 10 mg of dry matter were weighted in microtubes. The total soluble sugars (TSS) concentration was determined following the Van Handel methodology, using a spectrophotometer at 625 nm. The statistical analysis was carried out using an ANOVA and the Tukey’s test.
Results: In March, the grazing area had lower TSS concentrations during regrowth than the area without grazing, both at root and stem levels.
Study Limitations/Implications: The intensity of grazing and the pasture rotation should be regulated to favor carbohydrate accumulation in trees, which is required for the formation of the meristematic tissues.
Finding/Conclusions: Extensive grazing has an impact on the synthesis and accumulation of TSS in mesquite trees. Therefore, the consumption of branches, leaves, and fruits decreases TSS concentrations in the stem and the root
Luteolytic failure as the cause of low efficiency in synchronization with prostaglandins in cows under tropical grazing
Get PDFOur objective was to determine the cause of the low response in the exclusive use of prostaglandin in synchronization programs in cows under tropical grazing compared to the use of progesterone (CIDR). Thirty-five cows with the presence of CL were randomly distributed: first group (GPG; n=23), synchronized with two doses of PGF2α (25 mg, Dinoprost®), with an interval of 12 days. The second group (GCIDR; n=12) synchronized with an intravaginal device (1.9 g progesterone), 2 mg estradiol benzoate and 50 mg progesterone), at day 7 a dose of PGF2α (pm) was administered and at day 8 the CIDR (am) was withdrawn. CL regression, luteolitic failure, progesterone concentration and CL size were determined. The data were subjected to normality test, then to Mann-Whitney U test or independent t student test and chi square. Finding that only 82.6% (19/23) of GPG cows at the second dose of prostaglandins have functional CL (<1 ng/ml of progesterone). Obtaining only in 43.5% of the cows a regression of the CL in the GPG, vs. 91.7% in GCIDR (P=0.0001). In addition, GPG cows showed luteolytic failure of 39.1% and asynchrony of 17.4%. It is concluded, a low efficiency of prostaglandins on the synchrony and regression of CL (luteolitic failure) in cows fed under tropical grazing, attributed to the low efficiency in synchronization programs.Objective: To determine the reason for the low response to the exclusive use of prostaglandin in synchronization programs in cows under tropical grazing compared with the use of progesterone (CIDR).
Design/Methodology: Thirty-five cows with CL were randomly distributed in two groups. The first group (GPG; n=23) was synchronized using two doses of PGF2α (25 mg of Dinoprost®) with a 12-day interval. The second group (GCIDR; n=12) was synchronized with an intravaginal device (1.9 g of progesterone, 2 mg of estradiol benzoate, and 50 mg of progesterone); a PGF2α (pm) dose was applied on day 7, before removing the CIDR (am) on day 8. CL regression, luteolytic failure, progesterone concentration, and CL size were determined. Data was subjected to a normality test, followed by the Mann-Whitney U test or independent Student's t-test and chi-square test.
Results: Only 82.6 % (19 out of 23) of the GPG cows that received the second dose of prostaglandins have a functional CL (<1 ng mL-1 of progesterone). The CL recorded a regression only in 43.5% of the cows in GPG vs. 91.7% in GCIDR (P=0.0001). In addition, GPG cows showed a luteolytic failure of 39.1% and an asynchrony of 17.4%.
Conclusions: The low effectiveness of prostaglandin on the synchrony and regression of the CL (luteolytic failure) in cows fed under tropical grazing can be attributed to the low efficiency of the synchronization programs
Agricultural rotation crops: adaptive strategies of two farming communities in Champotón, Campeche
Get PDFObjective: To identify the agricultural crops in rotation carried out by the producers during one year of two rural communities of Champotón, Campeche.
Design / methodology / approach: The research was carried out in 2019, in Santo Domingo Kesté and Sihochac, communities belonging to Champotón, Campeche. Descriptive exploratory character. Documentary research was carried out and a survey was applied with 200 questionnaires in total, using the "snowball" technique. Descriptive statistics, were applied using the statistical packages of Excel.
Results: Chihua squash (Cucurbita argyrosperma Huber) and sugar cane (Sacharumm officinarum) are the most economically important crops for Santo Domingo Kesté and Sihochac, respectively. Corn is grown both in Sihochac in May and in Kesté in various months of the year. Chihua squash, peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), sesame (Sesamum indicum), sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas), cassava (Manihot esculenta) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) are produced only in Kesté at different times of the year.
Limitations of the study / implications: This research is local in nature, so its results cannot be generalized, but they can be similar to other regions in the country.
Findings / conclusions: Crop rotation is practiced in Kesté and not in the community of Sihochac. The way in which each community is organized to grow its crops responds to cultural-social factors and its available resources.Objective: To identify the agricultural rotation crops grown throughout a year by the producers of two farming communities in Champotón, Campeche, Mexico.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This exploratory-descriptive research was conducted in 2019, in Santo Domingo Kesté and Sihochac, Champotón, Campeche. Documentary research was conducted and a survey with a total of 200 questionnaires was applied, following the snowball technique. The resulting data were analyzed with descriptive statistics using Excel’s statistical package.
Results: Chihua pumpkin (Cucurbita argyrosperma Huber) and sugarcane (Sacharumm officinarum) are the most economically important crops. The former is specific to Santo Domingo Kesté and the latter, to Sihochac. Maize is grown in May in Sihochac, and in different months in Kesté. Chihua pumpkin, peanut (Arachis hypogaea), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), sesame seed (Sesamum indicum), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa) are grown only in Kesté, in different times of the year.
Study limitations/Implications: Since this research is of a local nature, its results cannot be generalized, although they may be similar to other regions of the country.
Findings/Conclusions: Some agricultural relay crops are grown in Kesté and not in the Sihochac community. The way in which each community organizes its crops depends on socio-cultural factors and available resources
Aphid diversity and population fluctuation of vector species of the ringspot virus in papaya (Carica papaya L.)
Get PDFObjective: The objective of the research was to compare the diversity of winged aphids in papaya cultivation and determine the population fluctuation of vector species of ringspot.
Design/methodology/approach: The capture of winged aphids was carried out by placing eight Moerick-type water traps, four green and four yellow. Weekly samplings were carried out to locate the plants with symptoms of the disease and to record the abundance of the vector species of PRSV, as well as the progress of the disease.
Results: A total of 694 individuals belonging to 20 species were collected, of which seven species were captured with green traps and 19 species with yellow traps. The highest diversity value was recorded in the green traps; however, the yellow traps captured the highest richness. Of the captured aphids, six are reported as transmitters of PRSV. When analyzing the population fluctuation of the vector species, it was determined that A. spiraecola presented two population spikes during the study, the first was at week three capturing 93 individuals and the highest peak at week ten with 316. The presence of PRSV was recorded in the seventh week of sampling with nine diseased plants, reaching 100% contagion in week 44.
Limitations on study/implications: The correct choice of methods for the capture and monitoring of insect populations in agricultural crops is of vital importance, since the development of prevention and control strategies for pest species and disease vectors depends on this.
Findings/conclusions: It can be inferred that the vector species perform small migrations within the plantation, which can be supported by the increase in the number of diseased plants.
Keywords: Aphids, cultivation, disease, insects, virus.Objective: To examine the diversity of winged aphids in papaya (Carica papaya L.) crops and to determine the population fluctuation of vector species of the papaya ringspot virus (PRSV).
Design/Methodology/Approach: We captured winged aphids by placing eight Moericke-type water traps (four green and four yellow). We conducted weekly samplings to locate plants with ringspot symptoms, record the abundance of vector species of PRSV, and document the progress of the disease.
Results: We collected a total of n=694 individuals of 20 species, seven of which fell in the green traps and 19 in the yellow traps. The green traps registered the highest diversity value; however, the yellow traps captured the largest richness. Six of the captured aphids are reported as PRSV transmitters. The analysis of the population fluctuation of the vector species determined that A. spiraecola recorded two population peaks during the study: the first at week three, with 93 captured individuals; and the second (and highest) at week ten, with 316 individuals. PRSV was observed in the week seven in nine diseased plants. Full contagion (100%) was reached by week 44.
Study Limitations/Implications: Developing strategies for preventing and controlling pest species and disease vectors crucially depends on the correct choice of methods to capture and monitor insect populations in crops.
Findings/Conclusions: We can infer that vector species conduct short-distance migrations within the plantation. This inference is supported by the increased number of diseased plants
Estimation of fig (Ficus carica L.) yield in fertigation using linear regression
Get PDFObjective: To estimate fungus yield by using linear regression in fer-tirriego under the conditions of the mixteca poblana.
Design/methodology/approach: The plants were established in 10 L. black polyethylene bags, pine sawdust was used as a substrate. The treatments consisted of 6 variations of the nutrient solution: 1.52 mgL-1 of potassium nitrate, 0.08 mlL-1 of phosphoric acid, 0.38 mgL-1 and magnesium sulfate. A completely randomized experimental design was used. Plant height, number of fruits per plant and growth rate (cm day-1) were determined. Linear regression analysis was performed with the levels of nutrient solution and orthogonal contrasts, through the statistical software SAS® On Demand for Academics.
Results: The linear model does describe the behavior of the data with an alpha of 0.01. The 60% level of the nutrient solution has a greater effect on growth and highly significant differences in the rate of increase in plant height and plant height.
Limitations on study/implications: The study includes preliminary results, which is why a longer period in data collection is considered, as well as the incorporation of variables such as yield, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium in plant tissue.
Findings/conclusions: The application of a linear model allows the estimation of plant growth expressed as height. At 50 days after the experiment was established, an increasing linear behavior in height is observed with respect to the levels studied. There are highly significant differences between the 60% dose in relation to the rest of the treatments.Objective: To estimate the fig (Ficus carica L.) yield in fertigation, through the use of linear regression, under the conditions of the Mixteca region of Puebla.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The plants were established in 10-L black polyethylene bags, using pine sawdust as a substrate. The treatments consisted of 6 variations of the following nutrient solution: 1.52 mg L-1 of potassium nitrate, 0.08 mL L-1 of phosphoric acid, and 0.38 mg L-1 of magnesium sulfate. Plant height, number of fruits per plant, and growth speed (cm day-1) were determined. A completely randomized experimental design was used and the levels of nutrient solution and orthogonal contrasts were subjected to a linear regression analysis, through the SAS® On Demand for Academics statistical package.
Results: The linear model describes the behavior of the data with an alpha of 0.01. A 60% nutrient solution level has a greater effect on growth and generates highly significant differences in both the plant height increase rate and plant height variables.
Study Limitations/Implications: This study includes only preliminary results; therefore, a longer period is necessary for data collection. Additionally, the following variables must also be included: yield and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium in plant tissue.
Findings/Conclusions: Plant growth (height) can be estimated through the application of a linear model. An increasing linear behavior was observed in height with respect to the levels determined 50 days after the experiment was established. There are highly significant differences between the 60% dose and the rest of the treatments
COMPARING OUTSTANDING PAPAYA LINES FOR SELECTING AND PRESERVING IMPROVED CHARACTERS
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate outstanding and adapted papaya lines derived from selection to conserve desirable characteristics. Design/methodology/approach: 23 lines of the 'Maradol' type were evaluated at Antunez Michoacan, Mexico. Initially, the plants' height, stem circumference, number of leaves, and first fruit height were recorded. During their development, outstanding plants were identified, and their self-pollinating was promoted. In the fruits, their polar and equatorial circumference, shape index, weight, width and pulp firmness, and soluble solids were assessed. Results: The plants' development was different, their variability between lines allowed identifying morphological characteristics of interest. Only 10 lines had this condition. The number of fruits formed over covered flower buds and collected fruits on formed fruits was reduced. The fruits´ characterization, except for their soluble solids, showed differences. Multivariate analysis indicated variability associated with each principal component. Limitations on study/implications: Currently in Mexico, there are few papaya varieties, the 'Maradol' variety being dominant, and vulnerable to phytosanitary problems over time. However, developing varieties and seed production is challenging and the pollination control of the plants necessarily intervenes. Findings/conclusions: Out of 23 assessed papaya lines, only 43.48 % reported outstanding plants. Inside these lines, between 5 and 10 % of the plants were chosen. In the developmental progress from the covered flower buds’ stage to formed and collected fruits, only 28 % of fruits were obtained. The selected lines showed fruit variability
Heterosis en el proceso germinativo y en caracteres de semilla del hí-brido de maíz (Zea mays L.) HAZUL 10E
No full textObjective: To quantify the heterosis in physical and physiological characteristics of seeds of the simple and trilineal crosses of the maize hybrid HAZUL 10E.
Methodology: Seeds of the genotypes that make up the HAZUL 10E maize hybrid (inbred lines and simple and trilineal crosses) were used. The experimental design was completely randomized with three repetitions. Physical characteristics of the seeds (weight, width, thickness, length, volume, density and the ratios width/length of seed and thickness/length of seed) and physiological (normal and abnormal seedlings, inert seeds, and lengths and dry matter of plumule, radicle and total) were evaluated. Heterosis and heterobeltiosis were determined and their differences between both crosses were tested with Student's t test.
Results: Heterosis and heterobeltiosis were higher in the single cross than in the trilineal one. In the single cross, the higher values of both heterosis corresponded to plumule, radicle and total dry matter; followed by weight and seed volume. In the trilinear, the highest values corresponded to normal seedlings and radicle length and biomass, and total. The determining variables of the shape, the formation of normal seedlings and the elongation of the radicle, responded better to hybridization in the trilineal cross.
Study limitations: None presented.
Conclusions: In the single cross, heterosis increased the seed size and the biomass accumulated in the seedlings; while in the trilineal cross, it affected the shape of the seed and the seedlings produced
Silicon fertilization effects in Pinus devoniana LINDL. in nursery stage
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the effect of applying silicon products on morphological variables, quality indices, and mineral content of Pinus devoniana seedlings during the nursery stage.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Four-month-old nursery seedlings produced on substrate were used. These were supplied with silicon in soluble powder applied on the substrate, and foliar liquid presentation and then evaluated in their morphological variables, foliar mineral content, and quality indices.
Results: The application of soluble silicon powder had a positive effect on stem length; while the stem diameter was favored by both applications, which improves its storage capacity. Regarding plant biomass production, the application of soluble silicon powder resulted in higher values of aerial biomass, while root production was favored by foliar liquid application. Plant quality was not affected by the silicon application from either the soluble powder or the liquid; however, the liquid foliar application had the best effect for determining variables of the species. The silicon application did not affect other essential element absorption.
Limitations/Implications of the study: The results and conclusions are limited to Pinus devoniana plants in their nursery stage under the described management and substrate conditions.
Findings/Conclusions: The silicon application favored growth, and did not affect the plant´s quality or other elements´ absorption. The soluble powder was positive for stem length, and the foliar application for root development benefited the stem diameter.
Social and Economic Analysis of the Production of Maradol Papaya (Carica papaya L.): Case study in the coast of Oaxaca, Mexico
Get PDFObjective:
To analyze social, productive and profitability indicators of the conventional agribusiness that produces Maradol papaya in the Coast region of Oaxaca.
Methodology:
The present research was perform in the agribusiness “Productores de la Costa Posa Verde, S.P.R. de R.L”, in the period June 2020 to August 2021. Semi-structured interviews to the producer and family members were carried out. The economic analysis was implemented using the methodology of budgets by activities.
Results:
The studied agribusiness is a family type, managed by the head of the family, who is 47 years old, with a high school education and 35 years of experience in managing papaya cultivation. During the studied period, the production cost was 117,633.6 ha-1 and a profitability of 24.4% were observed, and the equilibrium point was 31,268.86 kg.
Conclusions:
The papaya agribusiness studied is profitable. In addition, papaya production is an important source of job, it contributes to improving the quality of life of the inhabitants of the region.
Keywords: Economic indicators, production cost, production profitability.
Objective: To analyze the social, production, and profitability indicators of a conventional agribusiness producing Maradol papaya in the coastal region of Oaxaca.
Methodology: This research was conducted at the agribusiness “Productores de la Costa Posa Verde, S.P.R. de R.L” from June 2020 to August 2021. Semi-structured interviews with the producer and his family were conducted. The economic analysis was done using the activity-based budgeting method.
Results: The studied company is a family agribusiness run by the head of the family, a 47-year-old man with a high school education and approximately 35 years of experience in the cultivation of papaya. During the period of study, the production cost was 117,633.6 ha-1 was observed, together with a profitability of 24.4%, and an equilibrium point of 31,268.86 kg.
Conclusions: This papaya farming agribusiness is profitable. Moreover, papaya farming is an important source of work, which contributes to improving the quality of life among the region’s inhabitants