Revista Agro Productividad
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Presence of flower thrips Frankliniella schultzei in ornamental plants
Get PDFObjective: to report the presence of Frankliniella schultzei in geranium (Pelargonium hortorum) and vinca (Catharanthus roseus) plants, in greenhouses in the State of Morelos, Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: geranium and vinca plants were sampled in greenhouses located in the Municipality of Jojutla, Morelos, Mexico. The collected specimens were brown to dark brown color, were processed and mounted on glass slides and identified by means of taxonomic keys and the use of a conventional microscope.
Results: the specimens collected in geranium and vinca presented morphological characteristics corresponding to the species Frankliniella schultei.
Limitations on study/implications: monitoring of the species is necessary now that its presence is known in at least two areas of Mexico: the west and center of the country.
Findings/conclusions: in Mexico, Frankliniella schultzei had only been reported in the west, with this report it is now known that it is also located in the central part of the country.Objective: To report on the presence of Frankliniella schultzei in geranium (Pelargonium hortorum) and periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) plants in greenhouses in the State of Morelos, Mexico.
Design/Methodology/Approach: We sampled geranium and periwinkle plants in greenhouses in the municipality of Jojutla, Morelos, Mexico. The collected specimens—of light to dark brown color—were processed, mounted on glass slides to be observed through a conventional light microscope, and identified with taxonomic keys.
Results: The specimens collected in the geranium and periwinkle plants presented morphological traits that conform to the species Frankliniella schultzei.
Study limitations/Implications: Monitoring the species is necessary because its presence has been identified in at least two regions of Mexico: West and Center.
Findings/Conclusions: Frankliniella schultzei had only been located in western Mexico. This report shows that the species is also found in the central region of the country
Livestock in the sustainability of changing livelihoods in high mountain communities in a Natural Protected Area in Central Mexico
Get PDFObjective: Livelihoods of communities within the high mountain Natural Protected Area for Flora and Fauna ‘Nevado de Toluca’ (NPAFFNT) in the central highlands of Mexico have changed due to statuary limitations established in management program respect to agro-silvopastoral activities. In these communities, the small scale farmers who still rely on livestock, mainly sheep production. There is no knowledge on the sustainability, strengths and weaknesses of these systems and the influence of seasons in this area of marked bioclimatic seasonality. Methodology: The IDEA method to assess sustainability was applied in a small village within NPAFFNT in the dry as in the rainy season. Results: Sustainability is limited by the economic scale while their main strengths were in the agroecological scale in both seasons. Indicators show deficiencies in farmer education, lack of technical assistance, poor local infrastructures, lack of access to institutional support programmes, and the revision of norms for the natural protected area. Conclusions and implications: Results are useful for improving the sustainability of these systems that may improve que quality of life of high-mountain communities and provide ecosystemic services relevant for society. Diversification of income sources are of needed given the limitations that the new statute create on livestock and agricultural activities. It is advisable to increase the educational level of the inhabitants and farmers receive specialized technical training in agricultural and sustainable livestock production.Objetivo: Los modos de vida de las comunidades al interior del Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Nevado de Toluca (APFFNT) en las tierras altas del centro de México han cambiado debido a las limitantes establecidas en el programa de manejo respecto a las actividades agrosilvopastoriles. En estas comunidades los productores campesinos de subsistencia en pequeña escala dependen de la ganadería, principalmente de la producción de ovinos y de la cual, se desconoce la sustentabilidad, las fortalezas y debilidades del sistema y si éstas se circunscriben a una zona con estacionalidad bioclimática marcada. Metodología: Se aplicó el método IDEA para evaluar la sustentabilidad en una pequeña comunidad al interior del APFFNT en la época seca y de lluvias. Resultados: La sustentabilidad esta limitada por la escala económica, mientras que su fortaleza fue la escala agroecológica en ambas épocas. Las bajas puntuaciones de ciertos indicadores evidencian carencias en la formación de los productores, falta de asistencia técnica, deficiencias en infraestructura local y los sistemas productivos para las cuales se requiere apoyo institucional y una revisión de la normativa del área. Conclusiones e implicaciones: Este trabajo constituye una herramienta de utilidad para establecer un diagnóstico sobre la sostenibilidad de estos sistemas agropecuarios y generar propuestas que bien gestionados pueden mejorar la calidad de vida de las comunidades rurales y aportar servicios ecosistémicos relevantes para el resto de la sociedad, desde la conservación del patrimonio cultural a la agrobiodiversidad. La diversificación de fuentes de ingreso como la venta del ganado, venta de hongos, el trabajo del jefe de familia al exterior de la localidad y apoyos gubernamentales son necesarios dadas las limitaciones que crea el nuevo estatuto del área, sobre las actividades agrícolas y ganaderas. Es indispensable incrementar el nivel educativo de los habitantes e implementar programas de capacitación que apoyen la producción ganadera sustentable
Evaluation of the use of glyphosate and legumes in valen-cia orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), in the north of Vera-cruz: case study.
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Evaluation of the use of glyphosate and legumes in valencia orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), in the north of Veracruz: case study. The objective of the case study was to contribute to the knowledge of herbicides (mainly glyphosate) and legumes by valencia orange producers in northern Veracruz. The study was carried out in the year 2021, with producers from three municipalities located in the North of Veracruz: Papantla, Alamo Temapache and Ixhuatlan de Madero. A total of 55 interviews were carried out. The interview that was conducted was structured around three sections: personal information of the interviewee, information about herbicides and information about legumes. The characteristics found in this work indicate that the majority of producers continue to use herbicides, 80% do not know the term glyphosate even though it turns out to be the main active ingredient of several of the herbicides that they apply and despite knowing that these turn out to be very dangerous due to for various reasons, they continue to use them without any protective equipment, due to how easy, fast and cheap their application turns out to be, but regardless of everything, the producers are in the greatest disposition to know and cultivate leguminous plants in their plots to observe their characteristics, benefits and advantages in weed control.
Keywords: glyphosate, legumes, presidential decree, valencia orange, weeds.Evaluation of the use of glyphosate and legumes in valencia orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), in the north of Veracruz: case study. The objective of the case study was to contribute to the knowledge of herbicides (mainly glyphosate) and legumes of valencia orange producers in northern Veracruz. The study was carried out in the year 2021, with producers from three municipalities located in the north of Veracruz: Papantla, Álamo Temapache and Ixhuatlan de Madero. A total of 55 interviews were carried out. The interview that was conducted was structured around three sections: personal information of the interview respondent, information about herbicides, and information about legumes. The characteristics found in this study indicate that the majority of producers continue to use herbicides, 80% do not know the term glyphosate even though it turns out to be the main active ingredient of several of the herbicides that they apply and despite knowing that these can be very dangerous due to various reasons, they continue to use them without any protective equipment, due to how easy, fast and cheap their application is. However, regardless of everything, the producers are in the best disposition to know and cultivate leguminous plants in their plots to observe their characteristics, benefits and advantages in weed control.
Socioeconomic characteristics of the broad bean (Vicia faba L.) (Fabaceae) production in the northeastern region of the State of Puebla, Mexico
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Objective: To determine the economic importance of broad bean cultivation in four municipalities of the northeastern region of Puebla, and to establish the level of knowledge of producers about the symptoms, control methods and damage caused by chocolate spot.
Design/methodology/approach: It was based on the application of semi-structured surveys focused on production systems, phytosanitary management and acceptance of biopesticide products. With the information obtained, a database was built in the Microsoft® Excel package.
Results: With the data obtained, the importance and extent of planting are observed, as well as the phytosanitary problems faced by broad bean production in the region and finally the acceptance of biopesticide products for the control of chocolate spot.
Limitations on study/implications: Know and document the importance of broad bean cultivation in the region as a source of livelihood.
Findings/conclusions: The economic importance of broad bean cultivation, the damage caused by chocolate stain infection and the production systems used by producing families in the region were determined.Objective: To determine the economic importance of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) (Fabaceae) cultivation in four municipalities of the northeastern region of the State of Puebla and to determine the knowledge level ofgrowers regarding the symptoms, control methods, and damage caused by the chocolate spot.Design/Methodology/Approach: Semi-structured interviews were applied focusing on production systems, phytosanitary management, and acceptance of biopesticides. The resulting information was subjected to adatabase descriptive analysis using the Microsoft® Excel package.Results: The data output shows the importance and extension of the sowing, along with the phytosanitary problems faced by regional broad bean growers and finally the acceptance of biopesticide as a method tocontrol the chocolate spot.Study Limitations/Implications: There is not enough information and documents regarding the importance of the regional cultivation of broad bean as a source of sustenance.Findings/Conclusions: The economic importance of broad bean cultivation was determined, along with the damages caused by the chocolate spot infection and the production systems used by the regional grower families
Acarapis woodi, endoparasite of honeybees, from being qualified as the pest of the century to a forgotten case in Mexico: Acarapis woodi (Rennie), endoparásito de las abejas, de ser calificado como plaga del siglo a un caso olvidado en México
No full textObjective: This work was carried out to determine the incidence of Acarapis woodi (Rennie) infesting the tracheae of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) in colonies not previously treated against the mite Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman, and to discuss the current status of the former mite in Mexico, based on our own observations and historical information.
Design/methodology/approach: Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies that had never been treated against the mite V. destructor were sampled to detect A. woodi inside their thoracic tracheae. A sample of 20 worker bees was taken from each colony, they were stored in 70% ethanol and examined at most two days after their collection. Harvesting worker bees staying on the side frames, hive entrance and interior lid were selected because there can be found the oldest bees that are more likely of being infested. For the diagnostics, the technique of dissection and microscopic observation was used.
Results: None of the examined colonies, none of the examined honey bees present tracheal infestation.
Limitations on study/implications: Although only one bee yard was observed, it showed a general trend observed in Mexico and many other countries in America, mostly in tropical and subtropical places. After an initial expansive wave of A. woodi, infestations of this mite became less and less frequent until they are difficult to detect.
Findings/conclusions: The increasingly reduced prevalence of A. woodi has been attributed to climatic changes and treatments against V. destructor. However, we postulate that this reduction is due to development of resistance by honeybees.Objetivo: Este trabajo se realizó para determinar la incidencia de Acarapis woodi (Rennie) infestando las tráqueas de abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera L.) en colonias no tratadas previamente contra el ácaro Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman, y para discutir el estatus actual del primer ácaro en México, con base en nuestras observaciones y en información histórica.
Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Colonias de abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera L.) que nunca habían sido tratadas contra el ácaro V. destructor fueron muestreadas para detectar a A. woodi en el interior de sus tráqueas torácicas. Se tomó una muestra de 20 obreras de cada colonia, se les conservó en etanol 70% y se les examinó máximo dos días deepués de la colecta. Se seleccionaron obreras pecoreadoras que se encontraban en los panales laterales, la entrada de la colmena y la tapa interior porque ahí se encuentran las abejas más viejas, con más probabilidad de estar infestadas. Para el diagnóstico se usó la técnica de diescción y observación al microscopio.
Resultados: Ninguna de las colonias examinadas, ninguna de las abejas, presentaron infestación en las tráqueas.
Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Aunque solo se observe un apiario, éste mostró la tendencia general observada en México y en muchos otros países en América, sobre todo en sitios tropicales y subtropicales. Después de una onda expansiva de A. woodi, las infestaciones por este ácaro se volvieron menos y menos frecuentes hasta que son muy difíciles de detectar.
Hallazgos/conclusiones: La prevalencia cada vez más reducida de A. woodi ha sido atribuida a preferencias climáticas y a tratamientos contra V. destructor. Sin embargo, aquí se postula que esta reducción se debe al desarrollo de resistencia por parte de las abejas melíferas
Determination of the cost of production of vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks ex Andrews) in the municipality of Huehuetla, Puebla
No full textObjetive: To identify the production costs of vanilla, as a primary link in the value chain, to determine the profitability of the crop in the municipality of Huehuetla, Puebla.
Design/methodology/approach: The information was obtained from the application of 40 surveys to producers in nine communities in the municipality of Huehuetla, Puebla, using the methodology of financial evaluation of long-term agricultural projects.
Results: The results of the diagnosis show that it is a highly profitable crop, indicating an average production cost 0.1 ha-1 of 187,500.00, which results in a high profitability (R B/C=2.54), even in conditions of small cultivation areas, in addition to the fact that producers combine it with other perennial and annual species that generate short and medium term income for family sustenance.
Limitations on study/implications: Vanilla producers are located in a region with marginalized characteristics due to its geographic location, which makes access to communication difficult, and they lack a government agency to represent them; therefore, information on production costs and prices is limited and dispersed.
Findings/conclusions: Vanilla is a crop with great productive potential in the Totonacapan region, and especially in the municipality of Huehuetla, as it is a crop with high commercial value, it is a highly profitable alternative for producers, for all these benefits among other advantages of the crop, it is recommended to strongly support programs that promote its expansion, support in the development of strategies and technologies for the improvement of cultivation techniques that are reflected in higher yields, better quality and ensure a marketing that benefits the producers of these vanilla-growing areas of the northeastern region of the state of Puebla and the surrounding area, so that regional development is stimulated through potentially profitable crops such as vanilla
Effect of agronomic characteristics of hybrid and Creole corn using native plant growth-promoting bacteria to reduce the production cost: Effect on the agronomic characteristics of hybrid and criollo corn using native plant growth-promoting bacteria as a low-cost production alternative: A rural experience in southern México.
No full textThe use of chemical fertilizers has generated an increase in environmental pollution. However, biofertilizers are profitable, improve soil conditions, leading to an increase in growth and yield of crops of economic interest for small and large producers, in this sense, contributing to environmental pollution by agrochemicals is a challenge for the 2030 agenda, where inoculation with plant growth promoting bacteria (BPCV) native to the genus Rhizobium sp., Azospirillum sp. and Azotobacter sp., are a solid ecological alternative and increase in production and cost reduction. The main objective of the research was to design and evaluate an environmentally friendly biofertilizer based on BPCV, evaluating the agronomic characteristics of two corn genotypes, hybrid A7573 C/Acceleron and Criollo under a randomized complete block experimental design with nine treatments and four replicates, water and fertilizer were used as controls under irrigation conditions and production costs were analyzed. The agronomic variables evaluated were: plant height (ADP), stem diameter (DDT) and leaf area (AF). At physiological maturity, ear row number (NHMZ), ear length (LDMZ) and grain yield in t ha-1 were evaluated, and yield and production costs were analyzed. The results indicated a positive response to inoculation with BPCV in corn. The yield of hybrid A7573 C/Acceleron T7 with 7.6 t ha-1, T6, with 7.2 t ha-1 and finally T2 with only 6.9 t ha-1, while with creole corn of the olotillo race, yields were obtained in the T6 treatment with 4. 4 t ha-1, T2 4.1 t ha-1 and T8 3.8 t ha-1 respectively and the production costs in all treatments were profitable, highlighting those inoculated with BPCV and with a free net profit of $10,219.00. The results show that the use of BPCV have greater effectiveness in all agronomic variables and better yields because they are adapted to the environmental and soil conditions, being an excellent alternative to the use of fertilizers and above all decrease the costs for corn production in rural communities.
Objective: To design and to evaluate an environmentally-friendly biofertilizer based on plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), assessing the agronomic characteristics of two genotypes of C/Acceleron A7573 hybrid and Creole corn.
Design/methodology/approach: A biofertilizer based on PGPB was designed and assessed in a completely random experimental block design with nine treatments and four repetitions in C/Acceleron A7573 hybrid and Creole corn in a plot at El Pericón, municipality of Tecoanapa, Guerrero, Mexico. The microorganisms Rhizobium sp., A. brasilense and A. vinelandii were used.
Results: The use of PGPB has greater effectiveness in all the agronomic variables and better yields because they are adapted to the environmental and soil conditions, with it being an excellent alternative to the use of fertilizers.
Limitations on study/implications: The demonstrative experimental plot had 5000 m2 and it was the main limitation.
Findings/conclusions: Bacteria of the genus A. brasilense YOM9 and A. vinelandii YOC4 contributed to the higher yield of the C/Acceleron A7573 hybrid corn seed, and Rhizobium sp R01 and A. vinelandii YOC4 in the Creole grain of the olotillo race compared to the T9 fertilizer and the absolute control. A biofertilizer for corn is obtained based on results from this study, as an ecotechnology based on PGP
Preliminary study on the reproductive phenology of Eucalyptus urophylla in Huimanguillo, Tabasco (Mexico)
Get PDFObjective: to describe the reproductive phenology of Eucalyptus urophylla in Huimanguillo, Tabasco.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach: this is a preliminary, descriptive, and non-experimental study of the different stages of the reproductive phenology cycle of E. urophylla conducted in a 16-year-old provenance-progeny trial with 63 half-sib families. The study was done during 2019, 2020 and 2021.
Results: the reproductive cycle of E. urophylla lasts approximately one year. There was a lag of about a month and a half for the beginning of flowering among genotypes that flowered during the three years of evaluation.
Study Limitations/ Implications: the results are limited to a single site condition; so, it is recommended to make evaluations in other locations. This is, to observe plant behavior in different site conditions to evaluate the potential of the species development in southeastern Mexico.
Findings/ Conclusions: the beginning of the reproductive cycle of E. urophylla coincided with that of other species of the genus from tropical and subtropical climate. However, the duration differed compared to other genotypes of the same species growing in other parts of the world under similar environmental conditions. This study allowed to know relevant information of the species in Huimanguillo, Tabasco, which will contribute to improve the process of domestication of this species in the southeast of Mexico
Molecular docking and dynamics of Annona muricata L. megastigmanes and metabolites on enzyme markers of breast cancer and their effect on heterodimer formation
Get PDFObjective: To analyze the molecular docking of secondary metabolites of soursop on marker enzymes of breast cancer.
Design/methodology/approach: Crystals of PARP2 and PRMT5 enzymes were obtained from RCSB-PDB. Both crystals were processed with bioinformatic tools such as SWISS-MODEL, UCSF-Chimera and ScanProsite, preparing them for docking and molecular dynamics. Annona muricata metabolites were used in the various in silico analyzes and obtained from Pubchem. Molecular docking was performed with the Autodock algorithm. Once the most stable conformations with the ligands for each enzyme were obtained, their complexes were subjected to 10 ns of molecular dynamics using GROMACS. On the other hand, HPF1-PARP2 and MEP50-PRMT5 heterodimeric interactions were performed using the HDOCK server. Finally, the possible biotransformation reactions were studied using QSAR models.
Results: The kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside metabolite showed potential use as a biopharmaceutical for the inhibition of the PARP2 enzyme. The coreximin ligand showed a potential use as a biopharmaceutical for the inhibition of the PRMT5 enzyme. The interaction between PRMT5 and MEP50 was affected by the presence of the inhibitor. The QSAR models indicated that the most probable biotransformation reactions were those of methylation, O-glucuronidation and O-dealkylation for the metabolites with the highest degree of inhibition.
Limitations on study/implications: in silico analysis on inhibition of key proteins.
Findings/conclusions: The chemical compund kaempferol-3-O-rutinosido showed a potential use as a PARP2 inhibition drug. The chemical compund coreximine showed a potential use as a PRMT5 inhibition drug. The protein-protein interaction between PRMT5 and MEP50 was afected for the inhibitor presence, not so with PARP2 enzyme.Objective: To analyze the molecular docking of secondary metabolites of soursop on the enzyme markers of breast cancer.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Crystals of PARP2 and PRMT5 enzymes were obtained from RCSB-PDB. Both crystals were processed using bioinformatic tools (e.g., SWISS-MODEL, UCSF-Chimera, and ScanProsite), prior to molecular docking and dynamics. The Annona muricata L. metabolites were obtained from Pubchem for their use in several in silico analysis. The Autodock algorithm was used to obtain the molecular docking. Once the most stable conformations were obtained for the ligands of each enzyme, their complexes were subjected to 10 ns of molecular dynamics using GROMACS. Meanwhile, the HPF1-PARP2 and the MEP50-PRMT5 heterodimeric interactions were carried out using the HDOCK server. Finally, the possible biotransformation reactions were studied using QSAR models.
Results: The kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside metabolite showed potential biopharmaceutical use as an inhibitor of the PARP2 enzyme. The coreximin ligand showed potential biopharmaceutical use as an inhibitor of the PRMT5 enzyme. The inhibitor impacted the PRMT5-MEP50 interaction. The QSAR models indicated that methylation, O-glucuronidation, and O-dealkylation were the most likely biotransformation reactions among the metabolites with the highest degree of inhibition.
Study Limitation/Implications: in silico analysis on inhibition of key proteins.
Findings/Conclusions: The kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside chemical compound showed potential as a PARP2 inhibitor. The coreximin chemical compound showed potential as a PRMT5 inhibitor. The protein-protein interaction between PRMT5 and MEP50 was impacted by the inhibitor; however, this was not the case with the PARP2 enzyme
Presence of endophytic fungi in cacao plantations (Theobroma cacao L.), in the state of Tabasco, Mexico
Get PDFThe present work was done with the objective of identifying endophytic fungi associated with Theobroma cacao L. In Centro, Cunduacán and Comalcalco, locations into the state of Tabasco. The molecular identity used was the region of the Internal Transcribed Spaces (ITS), ITS 1 and ITS 4. Identifying fifteen fungal strains, grouped into thirteen different species, belonging to As-comycota phylum; distributed in three different classes: Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomi-cetos and Sordariomycetes. It is important to mention that it is the first record of Endomelanconiopsis endophytica and freycinetiae founded in cacao in Tabasco. In addition, we also identified Aspergillus foetidus, fischeri, de-licatus arcoverdensis; Thielaviopsis ethacetica, Cophinforma atrovirens, Neuros-pora udagawae, Diaporthe miriciae, Nodulisporium indicum, Cophinforma atrovirens; Colletotrichum tainanense y hebeiense. Many of this endophytic fungi are secondary metabolites and antioxidants producers that can be used in medical industry or for biological control of phytopathogenic diseases, such as Moniliophthora roreriObjective: the present work was done with the objective of identifying endophytic fungi associated with Theobroma cacao L. in Centro, Cunduacán and Comalcalco, locations in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. The molecular identity used was the region of the Internal Transcribed Spaces (ITS), ITS 1 and ITS 4. Design/methodology/approach: the study identified 15 fungal strains, grouped into 13 different species, belonging to the Ascomycota phylum, distributed in three different classes: Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomicetos and Sordariomycetes. It is important to mention that it is the first record of Endomelanconiopsis endophytica and freycinetiae found in cacao in Tabasco. In addition, we also identified Aspergillus foetidus, fischeri, delicatus arcoverdensis; Thielaviopsis ethacetica, Cophinforma atrovirens, Neurospora udagawae, Diaporthe miriciae, Nodulisporium indicum, Cophinforma atrovirens; Colletotrichum tainanense y hebeiense. Findings/conclusions: Many of these endophytic fungi produce secondary metabolites and antioxidants that can be used in the medical industry or for biological control of phytopathogenic diseases, such as Moniliophthora roreri