Revista Agro Productividad
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Microhistological References of Plants Available for Ungulates in Sonora, Mexico
Get PDFThe microhistological technique is the most popular methodology used to determine the wild and domestic ungulates diet; its success depends on the development of a reliable reference catalog.
Objective: To describe and analyze the epidermal structures of the plants available for wild and domestic ungulates in Sonora, Mexico, using the microhistological technique.
Methodology: A comprehensive collection of the plants available for wild and domestic ungulates was carried out at UMA Rancho Noche Buena, in order to subsequently identify their genus and species. Plant structures were analyzed with the modified microhistological technique, scraping the beam and underside cuticle of leaf plants. In addition, at least one photograph was taken to characterize them.
Results and Discussion: The epidermal structures of 95.95% of the analyzed plants were observed with the microhistological technique and its modification. The distinctive structures of 74 plant species were identified, in order to describe the main characteristics of each species. A catalog of microhistological references was developed from the data collected; it included information about the morphology and arrangement of structures such as: epidermal cells, stomata and trichrome. A difference was found between the beam and underside of the leaves in 23% of the species.
Conclusion: A reliable microhistological reference catalog should consider possible differences between the beam and underside of the leaves of plants
Identification of fungal disease in a Vanilla planifolia Jacks plantation in the central zone of the state of Veracruz, Mexico
Get PDFThe state of Veracruz is the main producer of vanilla in Mexico. In recent years, this crop has been seriously affected by serious phytosanitary problems caused mainly by fungal pathogens. For this reason, it was proposed to develop the present work with the objective of determining the causal agents of the disease, incidence, and severity observed in a vanilla plantation located in the locality "El Palmar," Municipality Emiliano Zapata, Veracruz. A census sampling was carried out on one hectare of the plantation to determine the incidence of the disease. Disease severity per plant was determined using a 4-grade scale. Leaves and stems with disease symptoms were collected for morphological description of the pathogenic agents by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed the presence of two species of phytopathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae and Puccinia sinanoemea, known to cause root rot and rust diseases in vanilla. The infection culminated in the deaths of most of the plantation workers. The incidence was classified as severe (4-grade), with 80% infestation by both pathogens. This study contributes to understanding the phytosanitary problems faced by the crop with mixed infections of fungal pathogens.E
The state of Veracruz is the main producer of vanilla in Mexico. In recent years, this crop has been seriously affected by severe phytosanitary problems caused mainly by fungal pathogens. For this reason, it was proposed to develop this study with the objective of determining the causal agents of the disease, incidence, and severity observed in a vanilla plantation located in the locality "El Palmar," Municipality Emiliano Zapata, Veracruz. A census sampling was carried out on one hectare of the plantation to determine the incidence of the disease. Disease severity per plant was determined using a 4-grade scale. Leaves and stems with disease symptoms were collected for morphological description of the pathogenic agents by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed the presence of two species of phytopathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae and Puccinia sinanoemea, known to cause root rot and rust diseases in vanilla. The infection resulted in the death of most individuals in the plantation. The incidence was classified as severe (a grade of 4), with 80% infestation by both pathogens. This study contributes to the understanding of the phytosanitary problems this crop faces due to mixed infections of fungal pathogens
Knowledge management for small-scale agricultural producers: a thematic proposal for strengthening rural economic units
Get PDFObjective: to establish a thematic proposal for the management of knowledge of small agricultural producers (peasants) and the strengthening of rural economic units in the state of Querétaro that will energize the social fabric and improve the quality of life of the rural population.
Design/methodology/approach: A bibliometric study of the scientific production on peasant knowledge in Mexico was carried out, as well as an observational analysis, which focused on specific and general problems. According to the information obtained and the problems detected, three areas for knowledge management were established: technical-productive, managerial and entrepreneurial.
Results: In the technical-productive area, training in good agricultural practices should be addressed, along with technological innovation and the generation of added value. In the management area, issues related to strategic management with a broad business vision that will help create strategies for agribusiness development. With respect to entrepreneurship, it is important to highlight the internal and external factors of the environment, which will awaken their interest, fostering leadership and direction for business development, in addition to promoting associativity in agricultural production regions. The implementation of the topics proposed in the research will strengthen and boost small-scale agricultural production in the state of Querétaro.
Limitations on study/implications: This research can serve as a reference for small agricultural producers (peasant).
Findings/conclusions: There is a great opportunity through knowledge management to increase the capacities, knowledge and skills of small agricultural producers (peasant) in the state of Querétaro in technical-productive, managerial and entrepreneurial issues, which will generate economic, social and environmental impacts for the benefit of this rural sector.Objective: To establish a thematic proposal for the management of knowledge of small-scale agricultural producers (peasants) and the strengthening of rural economic units in the state of Querétaro, to energize the social fabric and improve the quality of life of the rural population.
Design/methodology/approach: A bibliometric study of the scientific production on peasant knowledge in Mexico was carried out, as well as an observational analysis focused on specific and general problems. According to the information obtained and the problems detected, three areas for knowledge management were established: technical-productive, managerial and entrepreneurial.
Results: In the technical-productive area, training in good agricultural practices should be addressed, along with technological innovation and the generation of added value. In the management area, issues related with strategic management with a broad entrepreneurial vision that could help create strategies for agribusiness development. Concerning entrepreneurship, the internal and external factors of the environment stand out, which allow awakening their interest, encouraging leadership and direction for business development, in addition to promoting associativity in farming regions. The implementation of the topics proposed in the research will strengthen and boost small-scale agricultural production in the state of Querétaro.
Limitations on study/implications: This study can serve as a reference for small-scale agricultural producers (peasant).
Findings/conclusions: There is a great opportunity through knowledge management to increase the capacities, knowledge and skills of small-scale agricultural producers (peasants) in the state of Querétaro regarding technical-productive, managerial and entrepreneurial themes, which will generate economic, social and environmental impacts for the benefit of this rural sector
Physicochemical quality of underground water from agricultural influence
Get PDFGGroundwater in rural areas is the only source of supply for consumption and various activities. It is exposed to various pollutants that arrive through the subsoil layers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of water from 15 wells in the municipality of Cotaxtla, through physicochemical variables such as pH, conductivity (EC), salinity and total dissolved solids (TDS), where the results were compared with the regulations according to its use. The samples were collected according to NOM-230-SSA1-2002. The physicochemical variables were determined with the multiparametric Consort C6010. Results ranged from pH 6.71-8.04, EC 228-4500 mS/cm, salinity 0.13-2.42 mg/L, and TDS 132-2250 mg/L. In every case, water is destined for agricultural use, where 52% is used for livestock and 80% for consumption, 60% of the wells are community and supply 612 inhabitants. According to Mexican regulations, the results obtained from EC, 13% of the wells were not suitable for consumption, in relation to the TDS results, 33% were not suitable for consumption and 13% were not suitable for agricultural irrigation. The pH showed values within the norm, however, one showed a pH of 6.71 ± 0.043, while the rest were found between 7.4 ± 0.03-8.1 ± 0.19. In all values, significant differences were shown between the sites analyze
Evaluation of aromatic plants hydrosols on the growth of Trichoderma harzianum: Hydrolates of some aromatic plants for the growth of Trichoderma harzianum
No full textObjective: to evaluate the compatibility of hydrolate from aromatic plants in the growth of Trichoderma harzianum.
Design/methodology/approach: in vitro hydrolates of Foeniculum vulgare, Plectranthus coleoides and several Tagetes species (T. arenicola, T. coronopifolia, T. erecta, and T. lucida) were evaluated on Trichoderma harzianum mycelium, and its growth rate, growth percentage, and inhibition percentage were recorded. T. harzianum was inoculated into 50 g of sterilized corn cob enriched with F. vulgare hydrolate (3, 5, and 7 %), this mixture was incubated at 28 ± 2°C, and spore counts, and viability tests were performed on PDA medium. The Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05) was used to compare means.
Results: all hydrolates at 100 % inhibited in vitro mycelial growth of T. harzianum, but at 5 % some of them promoted fungal growth more than the control. The concentration of F. vulgare hydrolate influenced spore production and viability of T. harzianum in corn cob.
Limitations on study/implications: information is provided on the use of hydrosols, which are considered waste products.
Findings/conclusions: at low concentration, the F. vulgare hydrolate can be used to enrich corn cob and promote the growth of T. harzianum.Objective: To evaluate the compatibility of hydrosols from aromatic plants in the growth of T. harzianum.
Design/Methodology/Approach: All hydrosols of Foeniculum vulgare, Plectranthus coleoides, Tagetes arenicola, T. coronopifolia, T. erecta, and T. lucida were evaluated in vitro on the mycelium Trichoderma Harzianum. Their growth rates and inhibition percentages were recorded. T. harzianum was inoculated in 50 g of sterilized corn cob enriched with F. vulgare hydrosol (3, 5 and 7%), this mixture was incubated at 28 ±2 °C; spore counting, and viability tests were performed on PDA medium. The Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05) was used for mean comparisons.
Results: All hydrosols inhibited in vitro the mycelial growth of T. harzianum at 100%, but at 5% concentration, some hydrosols promoted the growth of the fungus more than the control. The concentration of F. vulgare hydrosol influenced the production and viability of T. harzianum spores in the cob substrate.
Study Limitations/Implications: This study provides Information on the use of hydrosol, which are typically considered waste products.
Findings/Conclusions: At low concentration, F. vulgare hydrosol can be used to enrich corn cob and promote the growth of T. harzianum
Physical and physiological quality of oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Turquesa) seeds
Get PDFbjective: The objective of this study was to determine the physical and physiological quality of a batch of oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Turquesa) seeds.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The following physical quality variables were evaluated: seed purity, weight of a thousand seeds, volumetric weight, and moisture content. Physiological quality was evaluated through a germination and emergence speed test, which also was used to measure seed vigor. A completely randomized experimental design, with factorial arrangement, and four repetitions was used. The factors analyzed were seed size (small and large) and aging (with and without aging).
Results: The following results were recorded: 99.52% seed purity; 34.31 g weight of a thousand seeds; 54.80 kg hl-1 volumetric weight; and 6.50% moisture content. Regarding treatment germination, no significant differences were found between the seed size and the size × aging interaction (P = 0.422). The aging treatment reduced germination from 96.50% (unaged seeds) to 89.25% (aged seeds). The emergence speed did not show significant differences regarding seed size (P = 0.066) and size × aging interaction (P = 0.868). The aging treatment had a negative impact on the emergence rate. The aged seeds emerged at a 15.55 plants d-1 speed, while unaged seeds reached a 17.88 plants d-1 speed. Study Limitations/Implications: This study only evaluated one batch of oat seeds. Findings/Conclusions: The seeds have an adequate physical and physiological quality to establish oat crops. In addition, the seed batch was highly vigorous, because it maintained >80% germination rate after the aging treatment
Manures base on Oreochromis niloticus L. for agricultural use
No full textABSTRACT
Objective: Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia) meal was evaluated as a source of nutrients in agriculture, through a composting process mixed with a zero tillage soil.
Design/methodology/approach: Two manures were formulated, mixing flour and soil at a 30:70 ratio (mass/mass w:w) respectively. Compost A was maintained at 60 days of composting (ddc), compost B at 30 days. The phytotoxicity of the manures was evaluated as percentage of germination in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) seeds.
Results: The N-P-K ratio (% dry mass) was 1.90-2.06-0.30 for manure A (60 ddc), and 2.60-2.24-0.34 for B (30 ddc). On germination, 100% concentration; manure A had 44.9% and B 19.6%, compared to the control. For concentration of 10% it was 93.7 and 111.4%, manure A and B, respectively.
Limitations on study/implications: It is necessary to carry out more phytotoxicity tests. In this experiment, dilutions were made in the manures to increase germination.
Findings/conclusions: The use of manure based on tilapia meal in agriculture is proposed in the future and in this way take advantage of the waste from fish processing.
Keywords: Fish meal, compost, tomato, soil improverof nutrients in agriculture, through a composting process mixed with a zero tillage soil.
Design/methodology/approach: Two manures were formulated, mixing flour and soil at a 30:70 ratio (mass/mass w:w) respectively. Compost A was maintained at 60 days of composting (ddc), compost B at 30 days. The phytotoxicity of the manures was evaluated as percentage of germination in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) seeds.
Results: The N-P-K ratio (% dry mass) was 1.90-2.06-0.30 for manure A (60 ddc), and 2.60-2.24-0.34 for B (30 ddc). On germination, 100% concentration; manure A had 44.9% and B 19.6%, compared to the control. For concentration of 10% it was 93.7 and 111.4%, manure A and B, respectively.
Limitations on study/implications: It is necessary to carry out more phytotoxicity tests. In this experiment, dilutions were made in the manures to increase germination.
Findings/conclusions: The use of manure based on tilapia meal in agriculture is proposed in the future and in this way take advantage of the waste from fish processing
Cluster Analysis as a Strategy to Contribute to the Competitive Advantage of Mangos from Guerrero, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: To analyze the production and industrialization of mango in Guerrero, Mexico, with the aim of identifying its components, dynamics, and areas of opportunity to stimulate the development of a mango cluster.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The research is grounded in Porter's Five Forces framework, adapted to the agro-industrial sector. Data were collected through semi-structured surveys conducted in Técpan de Galeana and Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero. Additionally, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was carried out alongside the analysis of relevant databases.
Results: The mango supply chain in Guerrero was mapped, identifying key challenges such as high input costs, lack of price regulation, and declining interest among young people in agricultural work. Sinaloa and Chiapas were also identified as the main competitors, both in terms of production volume and their ability to leverage competitive advantages.
Findings/Conclusions: It is crucial to improve coordination within the supply chain and to develop strategies to address high costs and power asymmetries in negotiations with suppliers and buyers. Additionally, the importance of developing a cluster to enhance the competitiveness of Guerrero's mango industry against its competitors is emphasized.Objective: To analyze mango production and industrialization in Guerrero, Mexico, in order to identify its components, dynamics, and areas of opportunity, stimulating the development of a mango cluster.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This research is based on Porter's Five Forces methodology, adapted to the agri-food industry. Data were collected through semi-structured surveys in Técpan de Galeana and Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero. In addition, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted along with database analysis.
Results: The Guerrero mango supply chain (SC) was mapped, identifying three main challenges: high input costs, lack of price regularization, and the lack of interest shown by young people in agricultural work. Sinaloa and Chiapas were also identified as the main competitors, both in terms of production volume and competitive advantages.
Findings/Conclusions: Enhancing the coordination within the supply chain and implementing strategies are important to mitigate high costs and power asymmetries in negotiations with suppliers and buyers. Furthermore, the significance of developing a cluster to enhance the competitiveness of the Guerrero mango against its competitors is emphasized
Climatic variables that favor the Black Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet) [anamorph: Pseudocercospora fijiensis (Morelet) Deighton] infestation in a banana-growing zone
Get PDFObjective: Characterize how favorable or unfavorable are the climatic conditions for the incidence and development of Black Sigatoka in the banana región of Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Daily temperature data from 59 years from Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico, climatological station (27044) were analized (1961-2019), using historical reports fron IMTA, (2009) and the National Meteorological Service. Relative humidity was estimated using the equation reported by Allen et al. (2006). To determine how suitable are the weather conditions for the incidence and develpment of Black Sigatoka in Teapa, a climatic favorability classification proposed by Júnior et al. (2008) was used.
Results: The results shows that in the area under this study, there are no highly favorable climatic conditions for the incidence and development of this disease, and the spring-summer months are the less favorable; while the autum-winter months are the most favorable.
Study limitations/implications: It is important to do this kind of studies in other banana producing areas in Tabasco, because the climatic conditions (temperature and relative humidity) they are different, so the disease frequency or appearance may vary.
Findings/conclusions: The time period from october to march are the most favorable months for Black Sigatoka incidence and development; so integrated management programs should be designed for this period.
Keywords: temperature, relative humidity, banana, yields, probability, prediction models.Objective: To establish the favorable or unfavorable climatic conditions for the emergence and developmentof Black Sigatoka in a banana-growing area within the influence zone of the Teapa weather station (27004) inTabasco, Mexico.Design/Methodology/Approach: We analyzed temperature data for n=59 years (1961-2019) at the Teapaweather station (27044) in Tabasco, as reported by IMTA (2009) and the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional(until 2019). Relative humidity was calculated using the equation developed by Allen et al. (2006). We alsoestablished the favorable or unfavorable climatic conditions for the development of Black Sigatoka in Teapa byresorting to the favorability typology posited by Júnior et al. (2008).Results: There are no highly favorable climatic conditions for the incidence and development of this disease.Overall, spring and summer are the less favorable months, while fall and winter offer more favorable conditions.Study Limitations/Implications: This study should be replicated in other banana-growing areas of Tabasco,since both temperature and relative humidity may differ and, consequently, the frequency of the disease mayvary.Findings/Conclusions: October and March are the most favorable months for Black Sigatoka occurrence.Therefore, comprehensive management and control programs should be designed for this perio
Analysis of consumption preference of goat products in different regions of Mexico
Get PDFObjective: Characterize and determine consumption preferences for goat products in the different regions of Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: An exploratory study was carried out through a survey addressed to 300 consumers. The sample was obtained through convenience sampling. The semi-structured questionnaire was divided into the following sections: sociodemographic information, willingness to consume, type of known derivative products and frequency of consumption. To determine significant variables, the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied.
Results: It was found that milk, cheese, and meat are the most relevant foods for goat consumption. These products are ideal for expanding the diversification of consumption in the Mexican regions.
Limitations on study/implications: To deepen the analysis of sociodemographic and consumption characteristics, it is necessary to consider a greater number of variables.
Findings/conclusions: Knowing the products that are consumed most frequently allows more effective and efficient strategies to be generated and, in turn, opens the pattern for consumption diversification.Objective: To characterize and determine the consumption preferences for goat products in different regions of Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: An exploratory study was carried out through a survey addressed to 300 consumers. The sample was obtained through convenience sampling. The semi-structured questionnaire was divided into the following sections: sociodemographic information, willingness to consume, type of derivative products known, and frequency of consumption. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to determine significant variables.
Results: It was found that milk, cheese, and meat are the most relevant foods for goat consumption. These products are ideal for expanding the diversification of consumption in Mexican regions.
Limitations on study/implications: To deepen the analysis of the sociodemographic and consumption characteristics, it is necessary to consider a greater number of variables.
Findings/conclusions: Knowing the products that are consumed most frequently allows more effective and efficient strategies to be generated and, in turn, opens the pattern for consumption diversification