Revista Agro Productividad
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Associativity in the case of vegetable producers in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico: Associativity in the case of horticultural producers in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico
No full textABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the associativity in groups of vegetable producers from six municipalities of the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, through an analysis of the attributes that are established to measure whether or not there is associativity, under the assumption that associativity is high in the analyzed communities. -zes. Economic globalization transforms the behavior of people and their values, devaluing the national identity of associative work.
Design/methodology/approach: The study was carried out in the region of the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, in two phases; the first, a documentary research on the theoretical approaches of associativity, the second with field questionnaires, six municipalities were selected to represent vegetable producers
Results: The results show the absence of associativity in the production of vegetables.
Limitations on study/implications: Within the limitations is the number of the sample, so by expanding the number of municipalities the probability of association would be greater.
Findings/conclusions: Where it is concluded that the increase in productivity and income and the reduction of production costs would favor the continuity of vegetable production and with it the presence of association.
Keywords: associativity, development, collective work.Objective: To evaluate the associativity in groups of vegetable producers from six municipalities of the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, through an analysis of the attributes that are established to measure whether or not there is associativity, under the assumption that associativity is high in the analyzed communities. Economic globalization transforms the behavior of people and their values, devaluing the national identity of associative work.
Design/methodology/approach: The study was carried out in the region of the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, in two phases: the first, documentary research on the theoretical approaches of associativity; the second, with field questionnaires, for which six municipalities were selected to represent vegetable producers.
Results: The results show the absence of associativity in the production of vegetables.
Limitations on study/implications: The number of the sample is within the limitations, so by expanding the number of municipalities the probability of association would be higher.
Findings/conclusions: The conclusion is that the increase in productivity and income and the reduction of production costs would favor the continuity of vegetable production and associativity would be promoted with this
INVENTORY OF TOURISM RESOURCES OF THE MOUNTAIN AREA OF TEXCOCO, STATE OF MEXICO
Get PDFObjective. To elaborate an inventory of tourism resources identified in the mountain area of Texcoco, which serve as an instrument for planning and organizing the local tourism system.
Design/Methodology/Approach. We considered the application of a survey to the auxiliary authorities, as well as to local and external actors that would allow contextualizing the tourism dynamics in the area. The task was supported by field trips applying the ethnographic method. From the collected data, eight localities were selected within the characteristics, a greater number of tourism resources were identified.
Results. It was determined that some of the selected localities have sufficient attributes to potentiate some of their resources as a strategy for local development.
Limitations/Implications. The restriction to access information in local offices of the municipal government limited the approach to some resources; thus, self-reported data had to be constructed through the perception of some individuals.
Conclusions. It is necessary to develop tourism land-planning instruments through mechanisms of management that include training for local actors on various topics for the sustainable use of tourism resources
Effect of the concentration of the nutrient solution on the nutrient content of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.)
Get PDFObjective: Evaluate the nutrient concentration at the foliar level of chrysanthemums grown in tezontle sand using three concentrations of the Steiner Universal Nutrient Solution.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A completely randomized design was used, each treatment represented a concentration of the nutrient solution and each concentration had 11 repetitions, the study variables were: foliar concentration of nutrients: N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, plant height (AP), stem diameter (DT), number of leaves (NH), flower diameter (DF), fresh weight (PF) and dry weight (PS).
Results: The results showed this order of extraction K>N>Ca>P>Mg>S, for all concentrations, the foliar N content was low in the three treatments (<3.35%), the P was found in high concentrations. (>0.63%), K was higher in the 100% concentration treatment, Mg (>0.44%) was in sufficient levels, in Ca the 100% concentration had greater absorption and finally the S content was only the adequate in the concentration of 100 %, in the morphological variables there were no significant differences.
Limitations of the study/Implications: High temperatures helped the proliferation of pests; therefore, it would be good to have a better control of temperatures inside the greenhouse.
Findings/Conclusions: Therefore, using different concentrations of the nutrient solution in chrysanthemums grown in tezontle sand affects the nutrient content at the foliar level but not necessarily its morphology
Variations of the agroecological potential of Moringa oleifera Lam., in the presence of climate change scenarios in Veracruz, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: This research aimed to identify the area variations with agroecological potential for Moringa oleifera Lam. cultivation (Moringa), derived from the effects of climate change at the near horizon of 2039 in the State of Veracruz, Mexico.Methodology: The current climatic agroecological potential layers for the state of Veracruz were used, and a general circulation model (MGC) HADGEM2-ES for the RCP8.5 scenario projected to the near future 2039, with five categories: Very High, High, Medium, Low and Very, Low potential.Results: An area with a Very High category of 1,057,415 hectares (ha) was identified, which, corresponds to an expansion of 4.9% with respect to the current size. determining that climate change favors the cultivation of Moringa in three sizes of the State. The most significant variation with an increase in the Very high category (115.58%) was identified in the south of the Veracruz state, followed by the central size (110.17%). The greatest decrease (-4.53%) occurred in the north of the entity.Limitations on study: Only the regions with Very High potential were identified without considering those with High, Medium, Low, and Very Low agroecological potential.Conclusions: The projections under climate change conditions to the horizon of 2039 highlight the expansion of regions with Very High potential in 19% of the Veracruz territory for the cultivation of the species.Objective: This research aimed to identify variations in areas with agroecological potential for Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringa) cultivation, derived from the effects of climate change to the near horizon of 2039 in the state of Veracruz, Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: The future scenario considered the current agroecological potential in the State and the general circulation model (GCM) HADGEM2-ES for the RCP8.5 scenario projected to the near future, 2039, with five categories: Very High, High, Medium, Low, and Very Low potential.
Results: An area with a Very High category of 1,057,415 hectares (ha) was identified, which corresponds to an expansion of 4.9% with respect to the current size. It was determined that climate change favors the cultivation of Moringa in three areas of the state. The most significant variation with an increase in the Very High category (115.58%) was identified in southern Veracruz, followed by the central area (110.17%). The greatest decrease (-4.53%) occurred in the north of the state.
Limitations on study/implications: Only the regions with Very High potential were identified, without considering those with High, Medium, Low, and Very Low agroecological potential.
Findings/conclusions: The projections under climate change conditions to the horizon of 2039 highlight the expansion of regions with Very High potential for cultivating the species in 19% of the Veracruz territory
Effect of THI, NDF and rumination in milk production by Holstein cows
Get PDFObjective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the THI, NDF and rumination rate (RR) on milk production in Holstein cows in a dairy farm located in Bajío de San José, Jalisco
Design/methodology/approach: The temperature-humidity index (THI) is an indicator of the effect of the environmental climate can have on milk production, likewise nutritional content of forage is affected by weather conditions, as the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) is related with rumination activity of cows, increasing THI has shown a direct effect on milk production in cows. HealthyCow 24 ® CSR was used (SCR Engineers Ltd., Netanya, Israel), to monitor rumination, from a total record of 284 cows with 2, 3, and 4 lactacion through august to december 2020 period, analysing NDF content from total mixed ration and monitoring THI.
Results: The results showed there was no effect of THI on milk production (p>0.05), despite having reached 76 THI score, instead NDF (p<0.05) and RR (p<0.001) affected milk production, it was not found effect of THI on RR (p>0.05), and NDF had trend (p<0.1).
Limitations on study/implications: There were no limitations for this report.
Findings/conclusions: According to the results obtained, THI threshold should be reconsidered according to the resistance of productively active cattle on dairy farms.
Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the temperature-humidity index (THI), the content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and rumination rate (RR) on milk production in Holstein cows in a dairy farm located in Bajío de San José, Jalisco, Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: The THI is an indicator of the effect of the environmental climate can have on milk production, and likewise the nutritional content of forage is affected by weather conditions, such as the NDF is related with rumination activity of cows; increasing THI has shown a direct effect on milk production in cows. The HealthyCow 24 ® CSR remote equipment was used (SCR Engineers Ltd., Netanya, Israel), to monitor rumination, from a total registry of 284 cows with 2, 3, and 4 lactations distributed between August and December 2020 period, analyzing the NDF content from total mixed portion and monitoring the THI.
Results: The results showed there was no effect of THI on milk production (p>0.05), despite having reached a THI score of 76, while NDF (p<0.05) and RR (p<0.001) affected milk production; an effect of THI on RR (p>0.05) was not found, and the NDF only had a trend (p<0.1).
Limitations on study/implications: There were no limitations for the study.
Findings/conclusions: According to the results obtained, the THI threshold should be reconsidered according to the resistance of the productively active cattle on dairy farms
Antibacterial activity of the Calendula officinalis L. essential oil on Escherichia coli
Get PDFIn developing countries, the risk of getting sick from eating food contaminated with Escherichia coli is very high. As a consequence of the multidrug resistance of this bacterium, a therapeutic alternative has been sought in the plant kingdom. The Objective of this research was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis) essential oil (EO) on the growth of E. coli. Design/Methodology/Approach: The antibacterial activity was determined using a Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test. A 90 to 60% dilution of EO generated 24 to 22 mm halos. The EA was subjected to a GC/MS analysis. The results showed that cadinene (53.8%) was the main constituent, followed by germacrene (22.5%). The minimum inhibitory concentration was 7 μg mL-1. Findings/Conclusions: C. officinalis EO can be considered as an option in the treatment against this enterobacteria
Economic evaluation of a business model of a Vanilla planifolia bio-factory using BIT® bioreactors
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Evaluate the economic and financial viability for the implementation of a biofactory responsible for the in vitro propagation of Vanilla planifolia with BIT® bioreactors.
Design/methodology/approach:
A completely randomized design was used. The data was processed with the IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 21). A Mann–Whitney U test was performed (p≤ 0.05). An Economic-Financial Evaluation was carried out, determining the main economic indicators: Profitability, Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return (TREMA), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit-Cost Ratio (R B/C).
Results: BIT® temporary immersion bioreactors were used in this study. An average multiplication rate of 18.37 shoots per explant was obtained. When performing the economic-financial analysis of this agribusiness model over a five-year horizon, it yielded an Internal Rate of Return of 12.36% and a Benefit-Cost Ratio of 1.81 and a Net Present Value of MX 14,474.93). ), with a payback period of two years and seven months.
Limitations on study/implications:
Using semi-solid culture media in the multiplication stage in vanilla decreases production capacity and significantly lowers the profitability of the biofactory.
Findings/conclusions:
The profitability of a biofactory for the production of vanilla depends on the multiplication rate, achieved in this case satisfactorily through the use of BIT®; This vanilla biofactory agribusiness model using bioreactors can be adopted by investors as an economic development strategy.Objective: To evaluate the economic and financial viability for the implementation of a biofactory responsible for the in vitro propagation of Vanilla planifolia with TIB® bioreactors.
Design/methodology/approach: A completely randomized design was used. The data were processed with the IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 21). A Mann-Whitney U test was performed (p≤ 0.05). An Economic-Financial Evaluation was carried out, determining the main economic indicators: Profitability, Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return (MARR), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C R).
Results: TIB® temporary immersion bioreactors were used in this study. An average multiplication rate of 18.37 shoots per explant was obtained. When performing the economic-financial analysis of this agribusiness model over a five-year horizon, it yielded an Internal Rate of Return of 12.36%, a Benefit-Cost Ratio of 1.81, and a Net Present Value of MX 14,474.93), with a payback period of two years and seven months.
Limitations on study/implications: Using semi-solid culture media in the multiplication stage in vanilla decreases the production capacity and significantly lowers the profitability of the biofactory.
Findings/conclusions: The profitability of a biofactory for the production of vanilla depends on the multiplication rate, achieved in this case satisfactorily through the use of TIB®. This vanilla biofactory agribusiness model using bioreactors can be adopted by investors as an economic development strategy
Effects of different VIUSID Agro® concentrations on the growth of Coffea arabica L. seedlings
Get PDFObjective: VIUSDI Agro® is a biostimulant that contains amino acids, vitamins and minerals and was subjected to a biocatalytic process of molecular activation that improves its biological activity. In Cuba, its beneficial . has been demonstrated mainly in vegetables, sugar cane and tobaccoDesign/methodology/approach: To evaluate the effect of the product on morphoagronomic variables of coffee seedlings, experiments were carried out in the nursery of the Agro-Forestry Research Institute in Tercer Frente, from December 2019 to July 2020 and October 2020 to June 2021 under mesh saran shade.. In a completely randomized design, 6 concentrations of VIUSID Agro® were studied (0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8 and 1.0-mL L-1 of water) applied monthly from the second to the fifth pair of leaves via foliar application. The seedlings height, the diameter of the stem, the dry mass, the leaf area, the quality index as well as the efficiency were evaluated. Data were processed using a simple classification analysis of variance. Duncan's test was applied to compare the means. The concentrations and the leaf area were adjusted to several functions and the one with the highest coefficient of determination was selectedResults: The coffee seedlings responded positively to the biostimulant. The monthly foliar applications of VIUSID Agro® between the second and fifth pair of leaves increased the seedlings morpho-agronomic indicatorsFindings/conclusions: VIUSID Agro® in concentrations ranging between 0,64- and 0,71 mL L-1 of water led to significant increases in the leaf area of the seedlings.Objective: The VIUSID Agro® biostimulant contains amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. It was subjected to a biocatalytic process of molecular activation to improve its biological activity. In Cuba, its benefits have been demonstrated mainly in vegetables, sugar cane, and tobacco.Design/Methodology/Approach: The effect of the product on the morpho-agronomic traits of coffee seedlings was evaluated through experiments carried outin the nursery of the Instituto de Investigaciones Agro-Forestales of Tercer Frente, from December 2019 to July 2020 and from October 2020 to June 2021, using a saran shade cloth. In a completely randomized design, 6 concentrations of VIUSID Agro® (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 mL L -1 of water) were applied monthly on thesecond to the fifth pair of leaves. Seedling height, stem diameter, dry mass, leafarea, quality index, and efficiency were evaluated. Data were processed using a simple classification analysis of variance. The means were compared with Duncan´´ s test. The concentrations and the leaf area were adjusted to several functions and the one with the highest coefficient of determination was selected.Results: Coffee seedlings had a positive response to the biostimulant. The monthly foliar applications of VIUSID Agro® between the second and the fifth pair of leaves increased the morpho agronomic indicators of the seedlings.Findings/Conclusions: VIUSID Agro® in concentrations ranging between 0.64 and 0.71mL L -1 of water caused significant increases in the leaf area of the seedlings.
Women in the labor market and economic growth in Mexico
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Objective: The objective of the work was to analyze the participation of women in the labor market and the effect on economic growth in Mexico, 2000-2021.
Design/methodology/approach: Three multiple linear regression models were developed using the Ordinary Least Squares method. Statistically, the most significant variables were the exchange rate, wages and the employed female population.
Results: The most significant elasticities were before an increase of 10.0% of the Employed population of women, the GDP would increase by 7.83%. For the model where only the employed population of women was left, with an increase of 10.0% of them, the GDP would increase by 10.01%.
Limitations on study/implications: The main limitation was that the information is not available from a single source and the figures vary depending on the official institution.
Findings/conclusions: Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the participation of women in the labor market does increase economic growth.Objective: the objective of this study was to analyze the participation of women in the labor market and the effect on economic growth in Mexico, 2000-2021.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach: three multiple linear regression models were developed using the Ordinary Least Squares method.
Results: the most statistically significant variables were the exchange rate, wage and the employed female population. The most significant elasticities were found at an increase of 10.0% of the employed female population, the GDP would increase by 7.83%. For the model where only the employed female population was analized, at an increase of 10% in it, the GDP would increase by 10.01%.
Study limitations/ Implications: the main limitation was that the information is not available from a single source and the figures vary depending on the official institution.
Findings/ Conclusions: based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the participation of women in the labor market does increase economic growth
Agricultural drought in the context of climate change: a bibliometric analysis
Get PDFDrought is a meteorological phenomenon of temporary shortage of precipitation coupled with the lack of water for agricultural and forestry activities in a prolonged period. Currently, research on climate change indicates that as the temperature increases, the availability of water is reduced and its demand increases, which aggravates the conditions of agricultural production in various regions of the world.
Drought as a meteorological phenomenon and cause of crop losses requires in-depth studies, in order to determine ways to mitigate the effects caused by climate change. Therefore, the aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the scientific research carried out on agricultural drought in the context of climate change and reported in the last ten years.
The methodology applied was of a documentary nature and was based on the bibliographic review in the referential database Scopus®, using the concepts "drugth agriculture", "vulnerability" and "climate change". In the last ten years (2014 to 2022), the countries of the United States of America, the People's Republic of China and the United Kingdom stand out in publications on the subject, which are mainly focused on Environmental Sciences (33%), Agricultural Sciences (22%) Earth Sciences (13%) and Social Sciences (12%).
The research published (2014 to 2022) is isolated and lack connection between the major issues such as drought, climate change and vulnerability, thus detecting an area of opportunity to carry out research that unifies these three major issues.Objective: To perform a systematic review of the scientific studies carried out about agricultural drought in the context of climate change reported in the last ten years.
Design/methodology/approach: The study was based on the bibliographic review of the referential database Scopus® using the concepts “agricultural drought”, “vulnerability” and “climate change”.
Results: In the last ten years (2014-2022) the United States, China and United Kingdom stood out in publications on the topic, which are focused on Environmental sciences (33%), Agricultural sciences (22%), Earth sciences (13%), and Social sciences (12%).
Findings/conclusions: The studies published are isolated and there is no conection between the large topics of drought, climate change and vulnerability, thus detecting an area of opportunity to carry out research that unifies these topics