Revista Agro Productividad
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Postharvest characteristics of Ataulfo mango grown in Soconusco, Chiapas
Get PDFObjective: To determine the main indices of evolution of postharvest maturity of the Ataulfo mango from Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: The analyzed variables were color of skin L*, a* and b*, starch, total soluble solids (°Brix), pH, skin instrumental firmness, and color/skin firmness correlation.
Results: It was found that, as fruit maturity progresses, from stage 1 to stage 5, the values of the variables skin color L, a* and b*, TSS and pH also increase, but starch concentration and instrumental firmness of the fruit decrease. The negative correlation between color L, a* and b* with the firmness of the fruit, suggest the use of the color variable, as a measure of the maturity of the Ataulfo mango.
Limitations on study/implications: The evolution of mango ripening has been studied in varieties such as Tommy Atkins, Keitt, Alphonso, among others, and in Ataulfo grown in other regions of Mexico. Knowing the physicochemical evolution process of the Ataulfo mango grown in Soconusco, Chiapas, is essential for producers.
Findings/conclusions: The results obtained could be useful to determine the maturity stage of the Ataulfo mango fruit under the environmental conditions of Soconusco, Chiapas.Objective: To determine the main indices of evolution of postharvest maturity of theAtaulfo mango from Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico.Design/methodology/approach: The analyzed variables were color of skin L*, a* and b*, starch, total soluble solids (°Brix), pH, skin instrumental firmness, and color/skin firmness correlation.Results: It was found that, as fruit maturity progresses, from stage 1 to stage 5, the values of the variables skin color L, a* and b*, TSS and pH also increase, but starch concentration and instrumental firmness of the fruit decrease. The negative correlation between color L, a* and b* with the firmness of the fruit, suggest the use of the color variable, as a measure of the maturity of the Ataulfo mango.Limitations on study/implications: The evolution of mango ripening has been studied in varieties such as Tommy Atkins, Keitt, Alphonso, among others, and in Ataulfo grown in other regions of Mexico. Knowing the physicochemical evolution process of the Ataulfo mango grown in Soconusco, Chiapas, is essential for producers.Findings/conclusions: The results obtained could be useful to determine the maturity stage of the Ataulfo mango fruit under the environmental conditions of Soconusco, Chiapas
Health and economic crises and the Mexican agricultural sector
Get PDFObjective: to determine if the economic crises of 1994 and 2008 and the health crises of 2009 and 2020 affected the relationship between the main price and the production of agricultural products in the states that have the highest production in the regions of the agricultural sector of Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: sixty structural stability tests were carried out with dummy variables, to analyze the effect of these crises on the price-quantity relationship of the main producer States of the five regions of the agricultural, sector of the main products produced in Mexico that they are grain corn, grain sorghum and beans.
Results: the economic crises of 1994 and 2008, as well as the health crises of 2009 and 2020, in general (with some exceptions), did not impact the relationship between price and production in the main producing States of the five regions of the sector agriculture of Mexico of the main products produced in Mexico.
Limitations on study/implications: not all products and all states of Mexico are examined.
Findings/conclusions: economic and health crises, in general, do not disappear from the relationship between the price and production of the States and producers analyzed, that the price-production relationship of these is resilient in the face of economic and health crises, that is, producers do not significantly alter their production, given the price variations caused by the economic and health crises
Estimates to determining the agricultural tractor fleet in Mexico
Get PDFObjective: the objective of the study was to know the current state of the national fleet of agricultural machinery.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach: an estimate of the tractor fleet was made by adding the number of tractors with one year of lag, plus the number of tractors from national sales, minus the number of tractors leaving the fleet due to the end of their useful life, the period from 2007 to 2027.
Results: there is a downward trend in the tractor fleet in the period 2007 to 2027. If the downward trend continues, the tractor fleet will have decreased by 114 thousand units in 2027, compared to the 238 thousand existing in 2007. This means a drop of 52%, compared to the initial year, which would leave the fleet of tractors with 124 thousand units.
Limitations/ Implications of the study: the main limitation is the non-existence of official data after 2007. Therefore, in order to know the current state of the national fleet of tractors in Mexico, estimates such as the one carried out in this investigation are required.
Findings/ Conclusions: The estimate of the tractor industrial fleet in Mexico indicates that annually the number of tractors that are added is less than the number of obsolete tractors that leave the fleet, which indicates that the rate of mechanization will decrease in the future. To avoid such a trend, the Government is required to support investments in agricultural machinery
Geometric morphometry of populations of Anolis tropidonotus (Peters 1863, Squamata: Dactyloidae) of contrasting hábitats
No full textABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the variation in the shape and size of two populations of A. tropidonotus from two habitats with contrasting vegetation and environmental characteristics.
Design/methodology/approach: 26 specimens of A. tropidonotus were collected and photographed and using the TPSdig 2 program, three type I landmarks, eight type II and nine semi landmarks were placed. The landmarks configuration patterns were evaluated with generalized procrust and principal component analysis to detect microvariations in the individuals of the two populations.
Results: Our results show intra and inter population morphogeometric variation in A. tropidonotus.
Limitations on study/implications: The morphomegeometric variation recorded in the populations of A. tropidonutus which may be due to factors such as biological barriers, clinal variations within the same habitat, competition for territory, different reproductive behaviors in a percentage of the population, and reproductive and physical barriers that generate differentiation between and within the populations of A. tropidonotus.
Findings/conclusions: A. tropidonotus showed a wide diversity of shapes in its morphometric characters, which through the application of geometric morphometry, we distinguish different ecotypes in the evaluated populations
Approximation to the social structure of swine health and production research in Colombia
Get PDFThe industrial expansion of the global livestock systems has generated productivity increases, but also systemic contradictions. This have brings unprecedented challenges for the technical-scientific social structures which are in charge of its management.
Objective. Characterize the swine health and production research system organizational patterns at Colombia in order to detect its dynamics and vulnerabilities.
Design/methodology/approach:
It was used social network analysis to analyze the associative matching in a prominent swine health and production research community at Colombia considering scientific research generated between 2010 and 2018.
Results: The swine research network at Colombia has a conjunctural growth, an incipient behavior and is highly centralized, delimiting it´s research narrative and generating a normal distribution in the network transitivity.
Limitations on study/implications: The sample was selected by convenience and bounded for a number of scientific papers, so it would be necessary to expand the sample and the timeline too. Visualizing and measuring this social structure could make possible manage risks and opportunities to the swine production sector.
Findings/conclusions: The obtained values of social density and structural centrality values expose an organizational model that replicates the global production model: reduced information flows and partially connected structures, highly centralized and with minor variability in its information channels and knowledge exchange in a highly strategic sector.Objectives: To characterize the organizational patterns in the swine health and production research systems in Colombia.
Design/methodology/approach: The social networks approach was used to analyze the associative pairing of a prominent community of researchers in the field of swine health and production in Colombia, considering scientific studies generated between 2010 and 2018.
Results: The swine research network in Colombia has a circumstantial growth, incipient behavior, and is highly centralized, delimiting the research narrative and generating a normal distribution in the transitivity of the network.
Limitations on study/implications: The sample analyzed was by convenience and determined to a number of scientific studies, so it would be necessary to broaden considerably the population and the period analyzed. Visualizing and measuring this social structure could allow managing risks and opportunities for the local swine farming sector.
Findings/conclusions: The social density and the values of structural centrality obtained reflect an organizational model that replicates the global production model: limited information flows and partially connected structures, highly centralized and with low variability in their information channels and knowledge exchange in a highly strategic sector
Yield evaluation of broiler carcasses from a poultry processing plant with automated processing conditions in the Colombian Eastern Plains
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the performance of dry and wet broiler carcasses by the different suppliers (supplier A and supplier B) that manage a technified poultry processing plant in the Colombian Eastern Plains by department (Cundinamarca and Meta) and sex (females and males).
Design/methodology/approach: A total of 777 chicks were used, of which 398 chicks were supplied by supplier A and 384 chicks by supplier B, where equal proportions of females and males were established for subsequent analysis of carcass yield. To determine the behavior of the variables analyzed, inferential statistics were used to observe significant differences between variables by ANOVA test and descriptive statistics.
Results: The highest yields of the research were obtained by supplier B with 11.93% increase in carcass weight after prechilling and chilling; the zone of the plains near the processing plant located in Cumaral obtained better results with a percentage of 2.79% above the standing weights of the zone of Cundinamarca, and in the comparison by sexes, the males were dominant since the standing weights were 5.47% heavier and the carcass weights 6.67% heavier.
Findings/conclusions: The poultry meat production chain at AVIMA S.A. has yields after the prechilling and chilling processes of over 10% in dry carcass weight increase, which means that the poultry pore stimulation and cooling are done in an optimal way, generating profits in weight.Objective: To evaluate the yield of dry and hydrated broiler carcasses from two suppliers that manage technical poultry processing plants in the Colombian Eastern Plains, per department (Cundinamarca and Meta) and per sex (females and males).Design/Methodology/Approach: A total of n=777 broilers were used for carcass yield analysis, n=398 and n=384 of which were provided by supplier A and supplier B, respectively, with an equal proportion of females and males. Inferential statistics (ANOVA test) and descriptive statistics were used to determine the behavior of the analyzed variables, with the aim of determining a significant difference between the variables.Results: Supplier B recorded the highest yields: an 11.93% increase in carcass after pre-chiller and chiller. The plains area near the processing plant of Cumaral recorded better results: 2.79% higher than the live weights of the Cundinamarca area. In the comparison by sex, the males were dominant, since their live weights were 5.47% higher and the carcass weights were 6.67% higher than in females.Findings/Conclusions: After the pre-chiller and chiller processes, the yield of the poultry meat production chain at AVIMA S.A. was >10% (weight increase of the dry carcass). In conclusion, the optimal stimulation of bird pores and the cooling generate profits in weight
The association between mites and the Agave L. snout weevil, more than phoresis
Get PDFObjective: to identify the phoretic mites associated with the Agave (Maguey) snout weevil Scyphophorus acupunctatus.
Materials and methods: manual collections of Scyphophorus acupunctatus were carried out in Agave plantations. The daily behavior of mite-infested weevils was documented. The latter were observed and classified according to specialized taxonomic keys.
Results and Conclusions: there was an anomalous behavior of the agave weevil possibly favored by the infestation by mites, which can play an important role in the detriment of the vitality of that pest. Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) interacted with three groups of mites; Macrocheles merdarius (Acari: Mesostigmata: Macrochelidae), Tridiplogynium sp. (Acari: Mesostigmata: Diplogyniidae) and Curculanoetus sp. (Acari: Sarcoptiformes: Histiostomatidae).
Implications: this study is the first to document the presence of phoretic mites on S. acupunctatus. It is the first report to document the association between the agave weevil and the aforementioned arachnids (Acari: acari) that participate and play a desirable role in the biological control of S. acupunctatus
Synthetic fertilizers and vermicompost in juvenile Persian lime (Citrus x latifolia Tanaka ex Q. Jiménez) trees: PERSIAN LEMON
No full textABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the fertilization with vermicompost and NPK mineral fertilizer in Young lemon Persian lemon tree.
Design/methodology/approach: To develop the experiment, a random block design with eight treatments and four repetitions was established. The treatments were the following: T1: 0 kg/tree, T2: 90-22.5-22.5 N-P-K kg/ha, T3: 2 kg/vermicompost tree, T4: 3 kg/vermicompost tree, T5: 4 kg/vermicompost tree, T6: 90-22.5-22.5 N-P-K kg/ha + 2 kg/vermicompost tree, T7: 90-22.5-22.5 N-P-K kg/ha + 3 kg/vermicompost tree; T8: 90-22.5-22.5 N-P-K kg/ha + 4 kg/vermicompost tree. The study variables were: tree height, stem thickness, Crown diameter from North to South (N-S) and East to West (E-W), soil pH and soil moisture (%). The data were analyzed statistically by applying the MINITAB v. 17 statistics through an ANOVA (P≤0.05), was used to compare means, multivariate analysis.
Results: Persian lemon trees treated with 4kg/tree of vermicompost (T5) were different in the following variables: tree height and crown diameter. Vermicompost treatments combined with NPK mineral fertilizer showed a similar development in the tree canopy compared to T5.
Limitations on study/implications: Conventional lemon production uses synthetic fertilizers indiscriminately, causing the contamination of natural resources. A nutritional alternative for the lemon tree is the use of organic fertilizers.
Findings/conclusions: Vermicompost treatment is efficient in maintaining adequate soil moisture content in the dry season allowing better growth better growth and development Persian lemon tree.Objective: To evaluate fertilization with vermicompost and NPK mineral fertilizer in young Persian lime (Citrus x latifolia Tanaka ex Q. Jiménez) trees.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A randomized block design was established with eight treatments and four repetitions: T1, 0 kg tree-1; T2, 90-22.5-22.5 N-P-K kg ha-1; T3, 2 kg tree-1 of vermicompost; T4, 3 kg tree-1 of vermicompost; T5, 4 kg tree-1 of vermicompost; T6, 90-22.5-22.5 N-P-K kg ha-1 + 2 kg tree-1 of vermicompost; T7, 90-22.5-22.5 N-P-K kg ha-1 + 3 kg tree-1 of vermicompost; and T8, 90-22.5-22.5 N-P-K kg ha-1 + 4 kg tree-1 of vermicompost. The study variables were tree height, stem thickness, crown diameter from North to South (N-S) and East to West (E-W), soil pH, and soil moisture (%). The data were statistically analyzed applying the MINITAB V.17 statistic through an ANOVA (P≤0.05), while a multivariate analysis was used for the means comparison.
Results: The tree height and crown diameter variables had different results in the Persian lime trees treated with 4 kg tree-1 of vermicompost (T5). The tree canopy had a similar development than T5 with vermicompost treatments combined with NPK mineral fertilizer.
Study Limitations/Implications: Conventional lime production indiscriminately uses synthetic fertilizers, polluting natural resources. Organic fertilizers are a nutritional alternative for the trees.
Findings/Conclusions: The vermicompost treatment efficiently maintains adequate soil moisture during the dry season, improving the growth and development of Persian lime trees
Characterization of the understory associated with a pine-oak forest in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas region
Get PDFObjective: To characterize the understory species associated with a pine-oak forest in the Sierra Mariscal region, Chiapas.
Design/methodology/approach: Six 40 m2 subplots were established to evaluate the cover, abundance and identity of shrub, herbaceous and sapling components of the understory. Floristic diversity was determined. The level of disturbance was evaluated using the observation method. An analysis of variance and comparison of means by Tukey (p<0.05) between structural variables was applied. The relationship between disturbance levels and study sites was performed by correspondence analysis.
Results: The understory is composed of five tree species, three herbaceous and two shrub species. The largest diameter (p≤0.0001 and F=27.6) corresponds to herbaceous Cortaderia seolloana (5.38±0.94 cm) and Petiridium aquilinum (4.5±0.96 cm). The greatest height corresponds to Quercus sp. saplings (126.3±75.9 cm) and the herbaceous Cenchurus sp. (110.2±54.1 cm) and Peteridium aquilinum (91.7±40.9 cm), the latter having the highest density (4050 ind. ha-1) and cover (16.2%). Floristic diversity was low in all six sites. Site six was the most diverse and site three the most disturbed.
Study limitations/implications: The study comprised a limited and insufficient area to generalize the conditions of pine-oak forests in the Chiapas highlands. It is suggested to expand the study universe and increase the number of replications.
Findings/conclusions: Variability in understory structure and composition was found that corroborates the relationship between forest diversity and disturbance.Objective: To characterize the understory species associated with a pine-oak forest in the Sierra Mariscal region, Chiapas.
Design/methodology/approach: Six 40 m2 subplots were established to evaluate the cover, abundance and identity of shrub, herbaceous and sapling components of the understory. Floristic diversity was determined. The level of disturbance was evaluated using the observation method. An analysis of variance and comparison of means by Tukey (p<0.05) between structural variables was applied. The relationship between disturbance levels and study sites was performed by correspondence analysis.
Results: The understory is composed of five tree species, three herbaceous and two shrub species. The largest diameter (p≤0.0001 and F=27.6) corresponds to herbaceous Cortaderia seolloana (5.38±0.94 cm) and Petiridium aquilinum (4.5±0.96 cm). The greatest height corresponds to Quercus sp. saplings (126.3±75.9 cm) and the herbaceous Cenchurus sp. (110.2±54.1 cm) and Peteridium aquilinum (91.7±40.9 cm), the latter having the highest density (4050 ind. ha-1) and cover (16.2%). Floristic diversity was low in all six sites. Site six was the most diverse and site three the most disturbed.
Study limitations/implications: The study comprised a limited and insufficient area to generalize the conditions of pine-oak forests in the Chiapas highlands. It is suggested to expand the study universe and increase the number of replications.
Findings/conclusions: Variability in understory structure and composition was found that corroborates the relationship between forest diversity and disturbanc
Sowing of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) in the humid tropical climate of Tabasco, México
Get PDFObjective: The objective was to evaluate Stevia rebaudiana in climatic conditions in the state of Tabasco, México.
Design/methodology/approach: Plants of stevia were sowings in three times consecutive for one year, this were progressively adapting the management and establishment of the crop according to the results obtained in the previous seeding. The percentage of survival was calculated at 15 days ddt. Plant height was measured at 60 days and the problems observed in each cycle were documented. Climatic variables were recorded.
Results: As a result, it was discovered that sowing December (2019) there were bending problems, soil splashing on the leaves and foliar fungal diseases, with 71 % of plant survival. In the sowing of April (2020), there was 40 % of plant survival, plants generalized chlorosis and no growth caused by excessive solar radiation; finally, in August (2020), 89 % of plant survival with height of 20.55 cm average.
Limitations on study/implications: A limiting factor for achieve this research was the rainfall that caused flooding in June and October 2020; is necessary finish the crop to know the quality of the harvest by determining steviosides content.
Findings/conclusions: In conclusion, the cultivation of stevia can be cultivated in the climatic conditions of Tabasco, if rainy seasons and high temperatures are avoided during the first stage of cultivation; water is a limiting factor that causes phytopathological problems and the death of the plant.Objective: To evaluate Stevia rebaudiana under the climatic conditions of the state of Tabasco, Mexico.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Three consecutive sowings of stevia plants were carried out for one year, progressively adapting the management and crop establishment according to the results obtained in the previous sowing. The survival percentage at 15 days after transplantation (dat) was calculated. Plant height was measured at 60 days and limitations observed in each crop cycle were recorded, as well as climatic variables.
Results: bending problems, soil splashing on the leaves, and foliar fungal diseases were recorded during the December 2019 sowing; however, 71% of the plants survived the transplant. In the April 2020 sowing, 40% of the plants survived the transplant; nevertheless, the plants showed generalized chlorosis and lack of growth, as a consequence of excessive solar radiation. Finally, in August 2020, the survival rate reached 89% and an average plant height of 20.55 cm was recorded.
Study Limitations/Implications: the rainfall that caused flooding in June and October 2020 limited the development of this research. Likewise, to determine the steviosides content and establish the quality of the harvest, the cultivation cycle must conclude.
Findings/Conclusions: Stevia can be grown in the climatic conditions of Tabasco, as long as the rainy seasons and high temperatures are avoided during the first stage of cultivation. Water is a limiting factor that causes phytopathological problems and the death of the plant