Revista Agro Productividad
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BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES IN RED MEATS, BYPRODUCTS AND RESIDUES FROM THE MEAT INDUSTRY
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Objective: To provide a comprehensive overview of the generation of bioactive peptides from raw red meat, its by-products, and the waste meat cuts, as well as the bioactive health effects.
Design/methodology/approach: A literature search was conducted through the organization and systematized analysis of information for an updated literature review of bioactive peptides in red meat.
Results: Meat is a food of great nutritional value for human beings, since the digestibility of its protein stands out. In addition to the nutritional value of this protein, there are some studies in meat where bioactive peptides provide bioactivity mainly as an antihypertensive and antioxidant. Bioactive peptides are generally obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis and through microbial fermentation processes. Subsequently, they are identified by analytical techniques to perform in vitro and in vivo evaluations verifying the bioactivity of the peptides obtained.
Limitations on study/implications: The food industry must establish the most reliable methods for generating more reliable peptides to standardize their production and avoid process variability.
Findings/conclusions: The bioactive activity to be exerted by the peptides will depend on factors specific to the protein, such as the number of amino acids it contains, the hydrophilic or hydrophobic profile, and size, among others. This information is key to predict the activity the peptide can exert in the human body since many can have multiple activities, the most common being the antioxidant-antihypertensive function
Evaluation of the influence of pH modification on food proteins struc-ture by FT-IR and AFM
Get PDFObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pH variation (3.6, 4.6 and 5.6) on morphometric parameters and the secondary structure of proteins (ovalbumin and gliadin).
Design/methodology/approach: The arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) and agglomerate size (AS) of the proteins were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), while their secondary structure was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), both at different pH. Subsequently, a correlation analysis of the morphometric changes of the proteins with their secondary structure was performed.
Results: Highlighting that it was found that, protein agglomerate size is influenced by changes in β-sheets and turn conformations.
Limitations on study/implications: Effect of pH variation (3.6, 4.6, and 5.6) on morphometric parameters and the secondary structure of proteins (ovalbumin and gliadin).
Findings/conclusions: The novelty of this contribution consists in demonstrating that there is a close structure-functionality relationship between the morphometric parameters of proteins and their secondary structure, combining microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. This allows a clear and deep understanding of protein behavior to select the appropriate pH conditions to improve the properties of many foods.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pH variation (3.6, 4.6 and 5.6) on morphometric parameters and the secondary structure of proteins (ovalbumin and gliadin).
Design/methodology/approach: The arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) and agglomerate size (AS) of the proteins were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), while their secondary structure was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), both at different pH. Subsequently, a correlation analysis of the morphometric changes of the proteins with their secondary structure was performed.
Results: Highlighting that it was found that, protein agglomerate size is influenced by changes in β-sheets and turn conformations.
Limitations on study/implications: Effect of pH variation (3.6, 4.6, and 5.6) on morphometric parameters and the secondary structure of proteins (ovalbumin and gliadin).
Findings/conclusions: The novelty of this contribution consists in demonstrating that there is a close structure-functionality relationship between the morphometric parameters of proteins and their secondary structure, combining microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. This allows a clear and deep understanding of protein behavior to select the appropriate pH conditions to improve the properties of many foods
Optimization of a production unit of the dairy agroin-dustry: Chapingo dairy technology unit case
Get PDFObjective: The optimization of a dairy production unit (UPL) was made by using a mathematical programming model (PM). It is expected that by maximizing net income by at least 10%, the UPL will be more profitable than without optimized management.
Design/methodology/approach: The analysis was carried out under the economic approach to agricultural production, considering 11 decision variables in the objective function (FO), subject to 20 restrictions. They were proposed based on the requirements of the demand for dairy by-products and the use of technical coefficients (input-output relationship). The sensitivity report was obtained using the excel® solver® and the shadow prices and reduced costs were analyzed.
Results: Three scenarios were modeled, between the first and third scenario the income increased by 63,840.00 (46.16%).
Limitations on study/implications: Dairy food processing is an important industry in the developed and developing economies of the world. Improving the performance of dairy production units (UPL) as a strategic development instrument is necessary due to the current times in which we live.
Findings/conclusions: Panela cheese obtained the highest shadow price of 58,000.00 (41.02%). Between the second and third scenario, the income increased to 72.85), which indicates that the DPU should concentrate on this type of dairy product. In conclusion, the optimization of the DPU guarantees the efficient use of scarce resources and therefore generates a higher profit
Feasibility of the adoption of soil erosion mitigation technology on farmland and pastures in northern Mexico
Get PDFObjective: Identify the socioeconomic factors that determine the adoption of mitigation technologies of soil erosion in the Nazas-Aguanaval watershade at Durango State, Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: During 2018, 61 semi-structured surveys were applied to farmers in the region. The variables associated with the adoption disposition a binomial Logit regression of maximum likelihood was used.
Results: Perception of the soil erosion problem, location of the watershade or agriculture productive unit, and economic activity were the most influential variables in the model. The main variable that conditions the disposition to improve the soil is the perception of soil erosion in the farm, with a marginal effect of 45.03 %.
Limitations on study/implications: The results of this survey could be applicable to the study area only.
Findings/conclusions: It is necessary to promote and increase the perception, understanding and acceptance of soil erosion mitigation technologies through training.Objective: To identify the socioeconomic factors which determine the adoption of soil erosion mitigation technologies in the Nazas-Aguanaval watershed region in the state of Durango, Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: During 2018, 61 semi-structured surveys were applied to farmers in the region. The variables associated with the willingness to adopt or not were analyzed with a maximum likelihood binomial Logit regression model.
Results: Perception of the soil erosion problem, location of the watershed or agricultural unit, and economic activity were the most influential variables in the model. The main variable that conditions the willingness to adopt technologies to improve the soil is the perception of soil erosion in production areas, with a marginal effect of 45.03%.
Limitations on study/implications: The results of this survey may only be applicable to the study area.
Findings/conclusions: Training is necessary to promote and increase the perception, understanding and acceptance of soil erosion mitigation technologie
Procurement and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from cassava bagasse (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
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Objective:
Obtaining and characterizing cellulose nanocrystals from cassava bagasse.
Design/methodology/approach:
Cellulose nanocrystals were obtained from cassava bagasse by acid hydrolysis (HCI), ultrasonication, centrifugation, dialysis, deep freezing and lyophilization. The cassava bagasse and the cellulose nanocrystals obtained were physiochemically characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Coupled Elemental Analysis (SEM-EDS). As an additional technique, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used.
Results:
The analyzes performed show that the cellulose obtained was type Iβ. This study reports a percentage of crystallinity of cassava bagasse cellulose of 37.1%, increasing the percentage to 48% of crystallinity in cellulose nanocrystals. The diameters of the cassava bagasse fibers were reported to be 2 μm and their elemental composition (SEM-EDS) mainly constituted by carbon (C), oxygen (O) and traces of (N). The morphology observed through AFM of the nanocrystals of cassava bagasse (Manihot esculenta) was rod-shaped, with a helical appearance without residual charge, with diameters between 8.7 and 9.3 nm.
Limitations on study/implications:
The acid hydrolysis process showed a low percentage of crystallinity, although higher than other works reported for cassava bagasse.
Findings/conclusions:
The results obtained show the possibility of obtaining cellulose nanocrystals from cassava bagasse ().
Objective: To procure and characterize cellulose nanocrystals from cassava bagasse.
Design/methodology/approach: Cellulose nanocrystals were obtained from cassava bagasse by acid hydrolysis (HCI), ultrasonication, centrifugation, dialysis, deep freezing and lyophilization. The cassava bagasse and the cellulose nanocrystals obtained were physicochemically characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Coupled Elemental Analysis (SEM-EDS). As an additional technique, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used.
Results: The analyses performed show that the cellulose obtained was type Iβ. This study reports a percentage of crystallinity of the cassava bagasse cellulose of 37.1%, increasing the percentage to 48% crystallinity in cellulose nanocrystals. The diameters of the cassava bagasse fibers were reported to be 2 μm and their elemental composition (SEM-EDS) mainly constituted by carbon (C), oxygen (O) and traces of nitrogen (N). The morphology observed through AFM of the nanocrystals of cassava bagasse (Manihot esculenta) was rod-shaped, with helicoidal appearance without residual charge, with diameters between 8.7 and 9.3 nm.
Limitations on study/implications: The acid hydrolysis process showed a low percentage of crystallinity, although higher than other works reported for cassava bagasse.
Findings/conclusions: The results obtained confirm the possibility of obtaining cellulose nanocrystals from cassava bagasse (Manihot esculenta)
Effect of the sowing ratios on the yield and quality of seed from maize genotypes
Get PDFObjective: To identify optimal sowing ratios, validation of production technology and seed quality in maize hybrids.
Design/methodology/approach: Sowing ratios of 4:2 and 6:2 were studied to observe their effect on the genotypes, as well as their quality and response in seed production; this was done by evaluating the following variables: days to male and female flowering, plant and ear height, percentage of ear and seed in cobs, commercial seed yield, thousand seed weight, number of seeds per kilogram, standard germination and hectoliter weight of the seed. An analysis of variance was carried out using a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement and four replications, the experimental unit being furrows of 20 linear meters.
Results: Significant differences were detected in the hybrids with respect to the variables and sowing ratios, which specifically influences the weight, size and number of seeds; the hybrid H-386A had the best response to the environment and ratios, exceeding the rest of the hybrids evaluated by 72.92 %.
Limitations on study/implications: The interaction of genotype and environment are factors that limit seed production; however, performing evaluations in different environments allows finding stable hybrids with high yields.
Findings/conclusions: The generation of knowledge allows us to make decisions regarding crop establishment and quality in seed production lots, being a recommended environment in CIRPAC’s area of influenc
Evaluation of the efficiency of rhizobial biofertilizers in guava crop (Psidium guajava L.) using statistical quality control: Rhizobial biofertilizers in guava crop
No full textThe objective of this work was to apply statistical quality control to evaluate the efficiency of biofertilizers for the sustainable development of guava (Psidium guajava) crops in Chiapas, Mexico. Physicochemical parameters were analyzed to determine soil fertility in guava crops. The structure and diversity of the bacterial community was studied by structural metagenomics. A quality control statistical analysis was applied to determine the effect of biofertilization on the growth and production of the guava plant crop. Rhizobial biofertilization significantly improved the growth and production of the guava crop. S. mexicanum ITTG-R7 stood out as a PGPB species that can contribute to the growth of guava plants and also improve the quality and functionality of the soil. Phytotechnical management, agricultural inputs, soil nature, labor, raw material were the main causes that are related to low yield in guava cultivation. Experimental statistical analyzes and quality control are effective tools to determine the efficiency of biofertilizers in fruit crops.Objective: Apply statistical quality control to evaluate the efficiency of biofertilizers for the sustainable development of crops of guava (Psidium guajava) in Chiapas, Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: Physicochemical parameters were analyzed to determine soil fertility in guava crops. The structure and diversity of the bacterial community was studied by structural metagenomics. A quality control statistical analysis was applied to determine the effect of biofertilization on the growth and production of the guava plant crop.
Results: The soils were silty clay and had variations in pH and cation exchange capacity. Guava plants inoculated with PGPB rhizobial bacteria had higher growth and number of fruits. The cause-effect analysis determined that soil nutrients, plot phytotechnical management and bacterial diversity significantly influence the effectiveness of biofertilizers.
Limitations on study/implications: Atypical climatic variations in the region, deficient pest control and high genetic variability in plants influence the productivity of guava crops. It is important to explore a larger area of crops to detect more cause-effect elements.
Findings/conclusions: Experimental statistical analyzes and quality control are effective tools to determine the efficiency of biofertilizers in fruit crops.
Current and potential demand of fertilizers in Mexico
Get PDFObjective: To diagnose the market situation of fertilizers through the statistical analysis of the main market variables, considering the importance of fertilizers as a strategic input for increasing productivity in the agricultural sector.
Methodology: The growth of the apparent domestic consumption of fertilizers for the 2007-2020 period, the variables that determine it, and the current and potential demand per state in 2019 were estimated.
Results: During the period under analysis, fertilizer consumption grew at an annual rate of 4.8 %, reaching 6.3 million tons in 2020. Almost 75 % of consumption was supplied by imports and only 25 % was supplied by domestic production. If 100 % of the sown area was fertilized, the potential demand for fertilizers would exceed 8 million tons.
Implications: The country's heavy dependence on fertilizer imports means that the Mexican agricultural sector is vulnerable to a potential increase in fertilizer prices, as a result of the crisis that the global agrochemicals market is currently facing.
Conclusions: Given Mexico's dependence on fertilizer imports, the domestic industry must be strengthened, in order to increase production and satisfy a greater percentage of the domestic demand
Water consumption of three ornamental species with the suction irrigation system
Get PDFObjetive: Water consumption was evaluated in ornamental plants (geranium, gazania, petunia) in two substrates with different particle sizes (fine and coarse) of tezontle and peat moss, through a suction irrigation system, which uses porous capsules as irrigation emitters. Design/methodology/approach: The experimental design was in complete randomized blocks, with six treatments (three ornamental species and two substrates) with four repetitions (24 experimental units). The first mix contains fine substrate (composed of tezontle with particle size less than 0.4 mm) and peat moss, in a 1:2 v/v ratio; the second mix presents coarse substrate (composed of tezontle with particle size between 0.4-0.6 mm) and peat moss, 1:1 in v/v.Results: In water consumption there are significant differences, by ornamental species and type of substrate, where the irrigation system has the ability to self-regulate. The highest water consumption was in the petunia in the coarse substrate (which has a higher proportion of peat moss in its composition).Limitations on study/implications: With use in protected agriculture, rural and urban orchards, gardens, walls and green roofs and research purposes.Finding/Conclusions: The suction irrigation system through porous capsules has the capacity to continuously supply the water demanded by the plant-substrate-atmosphere system.Objective: To evaluate water consumption in ornamental plants (geranium, gazania and petunia) in two substrates with different particle sizes (fine and coarse) of tezontle and peat moss, through a suction irrigation system, which uses porous capsules as irrigation emitters.
Design/methodology/approach: The experimental design was in complete randomized blocks, with six treatments (three ornamental species and two substrates) with four repetitions (24 experimental units). The first mixture contains fine substrate (composed of tezontle with particle size less than 0.4 mm) and peat moss, in a 1:2 v/v ratio; the second mixture presents coarse substrate (composed of tezontle with particle size between 0.4-0.6 mm) and peat moss, 1:1 in v/v.
Results: In water consumption, there are significant differences by ornamental species and type of substrate, where the irrigation system has the ability to self-regulate. The highest water consumption was in petunia in the coarse substrate (which has a higher proportion of peat moss in its composition).
Limitations on study/implications: With use in protected agriculture, rural and urban orchards, gardens, walls and green roofs and research purposes.
Findings/Conclusions: The suction irrigation system through porous capsules has the capacity to continuously supply the water demanded by the plant-substrate-atmosphere system
Analysis of tobacco productivity in Mexico between 1980 and 2020 through the KLEMS methodology
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Objective: Tobacco production experienced a gradual growth during the first half of the 20th century, but its increase has been truncated in the last four decades. The objective of the study is to analyze the productivity of tobacco in Mexico in order to certify its importance in Mexican society and to measure its productivity.
Design/methodology/approach: The article presents an analysis of tobacco’s productivity in Mexico in the 1980-2020 period, through the KLEMS methodology. Analysis of census samples from the period studied has confirmed the decrease experienced by this agricultural production.
Results: The importance of production has been visibly decreased within macroeconomic factors such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which leads to a loss of participation of this agricultural product both in the national and international context. This has resulted in the contraction, in addition, ostensibly, of the number of jobs that are directly related to this agricultural activity and the ulterior consequences that come up for the family economy.
Limitations on study/implications: The statistical records from the period 1980 to 2020 were taken into account, since there were no records available before 1980.
Findings/conclusions: Through the research results, the decrease experienced by the tobacco industry from 1980 to 2020 was confirmed, and also that production will disappear at the industrial level