Revista Agro Productividad
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Use of Theory of Change (ToC) as a methodological apprach to evaluate the papaya Maradol Regional Development Program in the Mixteca Poblana region
Get PDFObjective: To determine the extent to which the use of the Theory of Change (ToC) as a methodological approach is appropriate to assess the medium and long term effects generated by the Maradol Papaya Program in the Mixteca Poblana region (Puebla, Mexico).
Design/methodology/approximation: A case study was conducted with qualitative approach with a phenomenological approximation directed at the validation of the ToC as methodological tool for the assessment of programs, through Documental Research methods, observation and interviews with producers and key informants for the study.
Results: The design of the route or pathway of change allowed a punctual definition of the key variables for its operation and measurement as part of the assessment exercise. The use of qualitative methods (in-depth interviews) allowed an appropriate valuation of qualitative variables, such as learning, identificaiton of quantitative variables (production volumes, production costs, etc.) that can be made with conventional methods (questionnaires) without this representing any methodological conflict.
Limitations on the study/implications: Since it is a case study, its generalization is not appropriate. However, there are elements that can be suggested as a general premise, such as the recommendation of the use of mixed methods in the assessment of programs and projects.
Findings/conclusions: The Theory of Change (ToC) is a valuable tool in identifying change variables through the design of the route or pathway change; however, this exercise has great validity and wealth if it is constructed in a participative way. The use of mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) is suggested for this type of assessment
Social interactions and business portfolio among vegetable produc-ers in central Mexico
Get PDFObjective: Analyze social interactions and business portfolio of vegetable producers in Central Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: we worked with 16 small vegetable producers. Semi-structured questionnaires and periodic monitoring were used in field to collect data. A Social Network analysis was carried out to know social interactions between producers, and the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) and Ansoff matrix for the business portfolio.
Results: We found that the products with potential in the market were lettuce and nopal. Broccoli and squash represent low sales and low utility. Producers with a higher degree of centrality grow lettuce, broccoli and squash, so we suggested to develop strategies for introducing nopal.
Limitations on study/implications: It was necessary to deep in market and consumers analysis.Objective: To analyze the social interactions and business portfolio of vegetable producers in central Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: Work was conducted with 16 small-scale vegetable producers. Semi-structured questionnaires and periodic monitoring were used in the field to collect data. A Social Network analysis was carried out to understand the social interactions between producers, and the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) and Ansoff matrix was used for the business portfolio.
Results: The study found that the products with potential in the market were lettuce and nopal. Broccoli and squash represent low sales and low utility. Producers with a higher degree of centrality grow lettuce, broccoli and squash, so we suggested developing strategies for introducing nopal.
Limitations on study/implications: It was necessary to delve into market and consumers analysis
Morphometric, weight, viability, and germination analysis of castor bean seeds (Ricinus communis) under two temperature and relative humidity conditions
Get PDFObjective: Morphometric evaluation, weight, viability and germination under two conditions of temperature and relative humidity in sixteen local varieties of castor beans (Ricinus communis) from various states of Mexico (E1-E16) including two commercial varieties (k75B and k93B) were analyzed.
Design/methodology/approach: The morphometric characteristics were: area, Elongation Index (IE) and Feret's diameter (DF), by means of a vision system. The viability and germination tolerance (germination percentage (% germination), germination speed (VG) and emergence speed index (IVE)), were evaluated under two conditions of relative humidity and temperature (T1- HR 80%/T20ºC ; T2- HR 30%/T40ºC), under a randomized complete block experiment design with four replicates of 75 seeds.
Results: There are morphometric differences (IE, area and DF) between and within the study varieties. There is a significant difference between T1 and T2 in days of radicle emergence (11.6 in T2 and 44.71 in T1), germination percentage (T1: 48.37 and T2: 56%), IVE (T1:34.07+12.72 and T2: 77.02+ 23.78) and VG (T1: 9.93 and T2: 24.60). The results obtained show that there is a positive correlation between the morphometric properties and the germination percentage under T1; but in T2 no correlation was observed.
The Limitations on study/implications: The study did not imply limitations.
Findings/conclusions: Two local varieties E4 and E15 with productive potential higher than 93% under T1 were found; and under T2 the local varieties E3 and E16 with a productive potential greater than 78%, with respect to the commercial variety k75B showed a better performance under T1 (89.75%) than under T2 (78.67%).Objective: To analyze the morphometric, weight, viability, and germination evaluation under two temperature and relative humidity conditions, in sixteen local varieties of castor bean (Ricinus communis) from several states of Mexico (E1-E16), as well as two commercial varieties (k75B and k93B).
Design/Methodology/Approach: The following morphometric characteristics were analyzed using a vision system: area, elongation index (EI), and Feret's diameter (FD). Viability and germination tolerance (germination percentage (GP)), germination speed (GS), and emergence speed index (ESI)) were evaluated under two conditions of relative humidity and temperature (T1 - RH 80%/T 20ºC; T2 - RH 30%/T 40ºC), using a completely randomized block experiment design, with four replicates of 75 seeds.
Results: There are morphometric differences (EI, area, and FD) between and within the study varieties. There are significant differences between T1 and T2 regarding the following variables: days of radicle emergence (T1: 44.71 and T2:11.6), germination percentage (T1: 48.37 and T2: 56%), ESI (T1: 34.07+12.72 and T2: 77.02+ 23.78), and GS (T1: 9.93 and T2: 24.60). The results obtained show a positive correlation between the morphometric properties and the germination percentage in T1; however, there was no correlation in T2.
Study Limitations/Implications: There were no limitations to carry out this study.
Findings/Conclusions: The E4 and E15 local varieties obtained a >93% productive potential in T1, while the E3 and E16 local varieties obtained a >78% productive potential in T2. Meanwhile, the k75B commercial variety had a better performance in T1 (89.75%) than in T2 (78.67%)
Productive potential and typology of the bean agroecosystem in the Papaloapan basin, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: in this research, we assessed the level of organic inputs usage in contrast to chemical inputs in sugarcane producers at the ejido Jareros, Veracruz, in the municipality of Ursulo Galvan.
Design/methodology/approach: Through surveys, a descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the main socioeconomic aspects of the sugarcane producers in the ejido and an analysis of the means significance of the level of usage of agricultural inputs (chemical / organic) divided into five variables: pesticides, fungicides, acaricides, fertilizers and weed control.
Results: The significance value of the five variables analyzed was: pesticides (p=0.1774); fungicides (P = 0.2090); acaricides (0.3625); fertilizers (P = 0.0005) and weed control (P = 1.0000).
Limitations on study/implications:
Findings/conclusions: Based on the significance values and mean difference of the five assessed variables, it is concluded that the excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers is the factor with the greatest potential to negatively impact the environmental and edaphic deterioration of arable soils in the Jareros ejido, State of Veracruz, Mexico.Objective: analyze the municipal level production potential using simulation methods and typification of the bean agroecosystem based on the edaphoclimatic, socioeconomic, and technological characteristics present in the basin.
Design/methodology/approach: the potential yield of beans was mapped, the SWAT model set a total of 8423 HRU'S within the basin surface. Based on this, three clusters were generated for high (1-65-2.75 t ha-1), medium (0.87-1.64 t ha-1), and low (0-01-0.86 t ha-1) yield.
Results: regarding the variables used to analyze the typology of clusters of the bean agroecosystem, Natural Resources (RN) had a P = 6.842e-08 value; Technological Development (DT) a P = 1.01e-06 value and Infrastructure Development (DI) a P = 8.284e-06 value, while the Economic Development (DE) variable obtained a value of P = 0.3564 and the Social Development variable (SD) a P = 0.04867 value, therefore, in these last two, there were no significant differences among the three clusters.
According to the P values, the high cluster agroecosystem presents the ideal conditions to produce comapa black beans, while the medium cluster can be improved to optimize it. For its part, the low cluster must be addressed in the RN, DT, and DI variables to improve its potential and sustainability.
Findings/conclusions: High cluster areas, despite containing fewer municipalities, present a higher production biophysical potential (RN). The agroecosystem of the high and medium-yield clusters has a surface with edaphoclimatic, socioeconomic, and technological characteristics suitable for the productive development of the bean agroecosystem
Vitrification of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) oocytes with sucrose or trehalose for in vitro maturation and fertilization.
Get PDFObjective: Evaluate the White-tailed Deer (WTD) in vitro embryo production (IVP) and oocytes vitrified with Trehalose (TH) or Sucrose (SC).
Design/methodology/approach: Total vitrified oocytes were placed into two different groups: TH (n=60) and SC (n=61). Samples were selected and analyzed for viability evaluation TH (n=5) and SC (n=5), nuclear status (NS) TH (n=4) and SC (n=5), Germinal Vesicle (GV), Metaphase I, or not evaluable (NE) after warming. In vitro maturation (IVM) was conducted for 36 h in supplemented TCM-199 medium. Immediately afterwards, oocyte NS was evaluated (n=88) [(GV, MI=immature), (MII=mature)]. In vitro fertilization (IVF) was performed in supplemented TALP medium for 24 h using frozen WTD semen (3x106 sperm/mL), NS was classified [Fertilized (F), Not fertilized (NF), or NE].
Results: After warming, viability for the TH group (n=5) was 60% versus 40% for SC group (n=5), however, oocytes in both groups were immature (GV and MI stage). For IVM, NS evaluations of the TH group (n=38) revealed no maturation versus 2% in the SC group (n=50) (MII stage=matured). IVF evaluations for the TH group (n=10) revealed no fertilization compared to 20% in the SC group (n=5). A statistical difference (p>0.05) was not found between the TH and SC groups.
Limitations on study/implications: White-tailed Deer in vitro embryo production is not well documented.
Findings/conclusions: Future research with a larger number of WTD oocytes is needed for further evaluation of oocyte vitrification IVP techniques as a model for endangered cervids
LD50 and GR50 estimation with gamma rays (60 Co) IN Arachis pintoi Var. amarillo
Get PDFObjective: To estimate the median lethal dose (LD50) and mean reductive dose (GR50) due to gamma radiation in Arachis pintoi var. Amarillo seeds.
Design/methodology/approach: Ten doses were used (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 Gy) plus a control (without radiation). The experimental design was completely random with three replications and 50 seeds per repetition. Seed germination was evaluated 29 days after sowing (das) and plant survival, plant height, root length and leaf area at 60 das. The LD50 and GR50 for survival and plants height were estimated by linear regression.
Results: There was a significant reduction of seed germination and plant survival from 300 and 200 Gy doses compared to the control (61.64 and 49.15 % each); for the plants height the dose was of 100 Gy (35.22 %). There were no differences in the root length and leaf area with 100 and 200 Gy regard to the control. The LD50 was estimated at 212.54 Gy and the GR50 at 162.16 Gy.
Findings/conclusions: The gamma radiation doses to induce genetic variation in A. pintoi var. Amarillo seeds were between 162 and 212 Gy.Objective: To estimate the median lethal dose (LD50) and mean reductive dose (GR50) due to gamma radiation in Arachis pintoi var. Amarillo seeds.
Design/methodology/approach: Ten doses were used (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 Gy) plus a control (without radiation). The experimental design was completely random with three replications and 50 seeds per repetition. Seed germination was evaluated 29 days after sowing (das) and plant survival, plant height, root length and leaf area at 60 das. The LD50 and GR50 for survival and plants height were estimated by linear regression.
Results: There was a significant reduction of seed germination and plant survival from 300 and 200 Gy doses compared to the control (61.64 and 49.15 % each); for the plants height the dose was of 100 Gy (35.22 %). There were no differences in the root length and leaf area with 100 and 200 Gy regard to the control. The LD50 was estimated at 212.54 Gy and the GR50 at 162.16 Gy.
Findings/conclusions: The gamma radiation doses to induce genetic variation in A. pintoi var. Amarillo seeds were between 162 and 212 Gy
Evaluation of the commercially important clam fishery in the Alvarado Lagoon System, Veracruz, México
Get PDFObjective: to evaluate the historical trends of clam fishery in Alvarado, Veracruz, to determine the current state of its populations and to promote the incorporation of aquaculture activities, to conserve the resource and reduce the negative impact of its fishery.
Design/methodology/approach: data were obtained through the CONAPESCA on the arrival notices of clam fishery production from the offices in Alvarado, Veracruz. After analyzing this information, graphs on trends, composition, and proportion by species were made about the capture between the years 1998 to 2021 of the three most important species in the region (Rangia cuneata, Rangia flexuosa and Polymesoda caroliniana.)
Results: the three clam species hit peak production in the years 2006 (P. carolineana with 700 t), 2012 (P. carolineana and R. cuneata with 650 t), and 2015 (P. carolineana with 800 t), respectively. Nevertheless, the trend in the last years shows an extraction decrease. Representing more than 50% of the composition, P. carolineana predominates the captures, even though this species enjoys special protection under NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010.
Limitations of the research/implications: there were no limitations.
Findings/conclusions: the increase of clam fishery is not recommended due to the diminishing trend and the signs of overexploitation observed in the three species, maintaining less than 50% of peak production.
Keywords: Rangia cuneata, Rangia flexuosa, Polymesoda caroliniana, trends, artisanal fisheryObjective: to evaluate the historical trends of clam fishery in Alvarado, Veracruz, Mexico, to determine the current state of its populations and to promote the incorporation of aquaculture activities, to conserve the resource and reduce the negative impact of its fishery.
Design/methodology/approach: data were obtained through the CONAPESCA on the arrival notices of clam fishery production from the offices in Alvarado, Veracruz. After analyzing this information, graphs on trends, composition, and proportion by species were made about the capture between the years 1998 to 2021 of the three most important species in the region (Rangia cuneata, Rangia flexuosa and Polymesoda caroliniana.)
Results: the three clam species hit peak production in the years 2006 (P. carolineana with 700 t), 2012 (P. carolineana and R. cuneata with 650 t), and 2015 (P. carolineana with 800 t), respectively. Nevertheless, the trend in the last years shows an extraction decrease. Representing more than 50% of the composition, P. carolineana predominates the captures, even though this species enjoys special protection under NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010.
Limitations of the research/implications: there were no limitations.
Findings/conclusions: the increase of clam fishery is not recommended due to the diminishing trend and the signs of overexploitation observed in the three species, maintaining less than 50% of peak production
Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) fed with mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves and cow’s milk: SILKWORM FED ON MULBERRY LEAVES AND COW'S MILK
No full textABSTRACT
Objective: In this research, the effect of cow's milk as a protein supplement to improve the growth and expression of productive parameters in the B. mori silkworm was evaluated.
Design / methodology / approach: Four silkworm treatments were fed with mulberry foliage supplemented with milk, as well as a control treatment that was fed with only fresh mulberry leaves. Feeding was determined for the last two larval instars. The groups were: Treatment 1: V instar- TD, Treatment 2: V instar-DI, Treatment 3: IV and V instar- TD, and Treatment 4: IV and V instar- D1.
Results: The larvae fed with milk supplemented foliage obtained increased growing and larval weight rates, as well as spinning a cocoon sooner than the ones in the controlled treatment. Additionally, differences were also noticed on the weight of the cocoon, silk percentage and weight of the pupae, relevant characteristics for the production of silk.
Limitations of the study / implications: In the literature review, it was found that there are very few published works on the silkworm fed with cow's milk and mulberry leaves.
Findings / conclusions: We conclude that supplementing has a positive effect over the growing rates and evaluated characteristics, directly influencing on the enhancement of the performance for silk production.
Keywords: silkworm, milk, mulberry, economic parameters, supplementation.Objective: To evaluate the effect of cow’s milk as a protein supplement to improve growth and expression of productive parameters in the silkworm (Bombyx mori L.).
Design/Methodology/Approach: Four treatments with mulberry foliage supplemented with milk were used, plus a control (which was fed with fresh leaf). Feeding was determined for the last two larval instars, resulting in the following groups: Treatment 1: V instar-TD, Treatment 2: V instar-DI, Treatment 3: IV and V instar-TD, and Treatment 4: IV and V instar-DI.
Results: Larvae fed with foliage supplemented with milk obtained an increase in growth rate and larval weight and formed their cocoons faster than the control. Additionally, there were differences in cocoon weight, silk percentage, and pupal weight, relevant traits for silk production.
Study Limitations/Implications: Very few works have been published about silkworms fed with mulberry foliage supplemented with milk.
Findings/Conclusions: Supplementation has a positive effect on growth and the evaluated traits, improving the yield of silk production
Effect of the elicitation with magnetic field of corn seeds on the development and nutrition of sprouts
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the effect of exposing corn seeds to a 100 mT magnetic field (MF) on their sprout development. Design/methodology/approach: A completely randomized design was used, with five treatments (0, 10, 15, 30, and 60 minutes of MF exposure) with three repetitions (72 experimental units). From the germination process, the gibberellic acid concentration (GA3) and α-amylase activity were determined, morphometric and biochemical parameters of the foliar tissue from the sprouts were measured, such as total phenols, flavonoids, and catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and phenylalanium ammonium lyase (PAL) activities. Finally, some nutritional quality parameters of the sprouts were quantified, such as protein and ash content.
Results: The results showed that the treatment of corn seeds with a MF had a favorable effect on the germination process increasing the GA3 concentration. Also, improvement in the development and quality of the sprouts, by increasing the growth of the shoot, root length, concentration of phenolic compounds and ash content in corn sprouts was found.
Limitations on study/implications: escalate elicitation to the field level.
Findings/conclusions: The elicitation of corn seeds with a magnetic field generates positive changes that transcend the corn sprouts
Effect of halophilic bacteria as a sustainable strategy to reduce soil salinity in raspberry (Rubus idaeus) cultivation
Get PDFThe raspberry (Rubus idaeus) is the main crop of Jocotepec municipality, being dedicated to protected agriculture, chemical fertilization causes soil salinization, which results in the crop´s not developing its maximum potential. To evaluate the effect of halophilic bacteria as a sustainable strategy to reduce soil salinity in raspberry cultivation, the present research assessed a production unit located at the Jocotepec Municipality, Jalisco state, Mexico. The evaluated halophilic bacteria treatments were doses of 7 L/ha, 5 L/ha, and 3 L/ha plus an absolute control, on three intervals - of 15 days application in saturated furrow irrigation. The assessed soil variables were pH and EC; in the plants: plant height, number of loaders, stem diameter, and number of boxes produced. The evaluation of the effect of halophilic bacteria on the quantitative variables was carried out with an ANOVA in the SAS® Studio 2023 software, in a completely randomized block design, after complying with normality of residuals and homogeneity of variances assumptions associated with the Tukey means comparison statistical test (p < 0.05). The results show a direct effect of the halophilic bacteria dosage on the soil EC decrease, from 2.35 ds/m (Control) to 1.81 ds/m (Dose 5 L/ha), values equivalent to light salinity (< 2 ds/m). Regarding the agronomic variables, improvements were evident in the evaluated characteristics