Revista Agro Productividad
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Thrips species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and their abundance on avocado (Persea americana Mill.) in Tetela del Volcán, Morelos, Mexi-co
Get PDFObjective: To determine the thrips population behavior found in two avocado orchards and their distribution over time.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Twenty trees were sampled from each orchard. Four 1.5-2 m tall inflorescences or plant sprouts (covering all four cardinal points) were taken randomly from each tree. Insects collected in the field were quantified and characterized in the laboratory. Thrips were identified based on their morphological characteristics. Analysis of variance and comparison of means were carried out. Various simulations were also performed to determine the number of predatory thrips that should be released to control the pest population.
Results: Two phytophagous thrips species (Frankliniella difficilis and Scirtothrips perseae) and two predatory thrips species (Frankliniella difficilis and Leptothrips sp.) were identified in Orchard 1. In Orchard 2, only phytophagous thrips (Frankliniella difficilis and Scirtothrips perseae) were identified. Releasing 525 predatory thrips would control the initial pest population in the study orchards.
Study Limitations/Implications: Further research should be carried out regarding the use of morphological identification, which by itself may result in an underestimation of the specific diversity of thrips.
Findings/Conclusions: Only phytophagous thrips species were initially identified in this study, while predatory thrips species were subsequently observed. The simulation indicated that the number of predators was insufficient to control the pest populatio
Biosecurity in livestock farming: strategic use of lime by-products to prevent infectious diseases and improve animal health
Get PDFObjective: To provide an expanded understanding of lime and its strategic uses, promote best-use practices, and reduce problems associated with livestock diseases. These measures will strengthen biosecurity in the livestock sector and protect public health.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A systematic review was carried out to update essential knowledge for everyone interested in the livestock sector, strengthening biosecurity in livestock farms and safeguarding public health.
Results: Lime and its by-products are some of the most widely used disinfectants to prevent and control infectious livestock diseases. As one of their action mechanisms, lime-based disinfectants can affect vital components of bacterial cells, reducing the risk of antimicrobial resistance.
Study Limitations/Implications: Applying different disinfectants depends on environmental factors and animal and human safety considerations.
Findings/Conclusions: Applying biosecurity measures throughout the production chain reduces the risk of introducing and spreading new pathogens on livestock farms. Meanwhile, the affordability of lime and its by-products facilitates disinfection and carcass management in facilities. Lime slurry and lime water are useful as remarkable facilitators of carcass decomposition and space disinfection
Bibliometric analysis of scientific research carried out on cocoa in Mexico
No full textAbstract
Objective: To analyze the scientific contributions made in Mexico on cocoa cultivation during the 1999-2022 period and quantify the contribution by gender.
Design/methodology/approach: The scientific articles were compiled from the main publishers (Elsevier, MDPI, Wiley, and Springer), database of articles from open access journals (Conricyt, Scielo, Redalyc, Latindex, Claryvate Analytics, Periodica, and DOAJ), and the open-access web search engine Google Scholar. The Gephi software was used to build networks of the researchers’ affiliation institutions and co-authorship networks.
Results: Scientific production showed an exponential growth of scientific texts at the national level where cocoa was the research topic. In the last 22 years, productivity was concentrated in three main topics: biotechnology (18.51%), economics (15.26%), and diseases (13.31%). The research was focused on the Mexican southeast, and was led by the Colegio de Postgraduados, the National Institute of Forest, Agricultural, and Livestock Research, and the Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco. The male gender presented a higher percentage of articles published as first and corresponding author.
Limitations of the study/implications: The documents analyzed are exclusively scientific articles.
Findings/conclusions: There is a lack of research regarding species propagation techniques, ethnobotany, irrigation, plant physiology, and the influence of indigenous cultures and groups on the transfer of knowledge.
Keywords: Theobroma cacao, bibliometric analysis, co-authorship networks, gender.RESUMEN
Objetivo: Analizar los aportes científicos realizados en México sobre el cultivo de cacao durante el periodo 1999-2022 y cuantificar la aportación por género.
Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Los artículos científicos fueron recopilados de las principales editoriales (Elsevier, MDPI, Wiley y Springer), base de datos de artículos de revistas de acceso abierto (Conricyt, Scielo, Redalyc, Latindex, Claryvate Analytics, Periodica y DOAJ), y el motor de búsqueda web de libre acceso Google Scholar. El software Gephi se utilizó para construir redes de las instituciones de adscripción de los investigadores y redes de coautoría.
Resultados: La producción científica mostró un crecimiento exponencial de textos científicos a nivel nacional donde el cacao fue tema de investigación. En los últimos 22 años, la productividad se concentró en tres tópicos principales: biotecnología (18.51%), economía (15.26%) y enfermedades, (13.31%). La investigación estuvo focalizada en el sureste mexicano, y estuvo liderada por el Colegio de Postgraduados, el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias y la Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco. El género masculino presento un porcentaje mayor de artículos publicado como primer autor y de correspondencia.
Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Los documentos analizados son exclusivamente artículos científicos.
Hallazgos/conclusiones: Existe un vacío de investigación en técnicas de propagación de la especie, etnobotánica, riego, fisiología vegetal y la influencia de las culturas y grupos indígenas en la transferencia de conocimiento.
Palabras clave: Theobroma cacao, análisis bibliométrico, redes de coautoría, genero
Production and quality of meat from hair sheep grazing on Tanzania grass and supplemented with different protein levels
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the effect of a supplementary feeding (with different crude protein (CP) levels) in the yield and growth performance and meat characteristics of hair lambs grazed on Tanzania grass.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A 120-d-1 experiment was conducted; it included four treatments and seven replications in a completely randomized design. Twenty-eight hair lambs (22.6 ± 1.6 kg LW) were allowed to graze on Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum) and were provided concentrate feeds (with 10, 12, 14, and 16% crude protein). The aim was to assess the effects of the latter food on growth, carcass characteristics, and meat quality.
Results: Compared with the lambs fed with 10, 12, and 14% CP, the heaviest carcasses (P<0.05) were obtained from lambs fed with 16% CP. The percentage of crude protein and fat of the biceps femoris linearly increased (P<0.05) as the CP percentage increased in the concentrate feed. Meat color, water retention capacity, and cutting force were not impacted by the CP percentage of the concentrate feeds. Compared with the lambs fed with 10, 12, and 14%, the lowest palmitic acid percentage and the highest oleic acid percentage were found in the meat of lambs fed with 16% CP.
Study Limitations/Implications: A high area was selected to avoid excessive rain.
Findings/Conclusions: Compared with the lambs fed with 10, 12, and 14% CP, the lambs grazed on Tanzania grass and supplemented with 16% CP grew more, recorded a higher carcass yield, and their meat had a better unsaturated fatty acids ratio
Carcass yield and primal cuts of lambs fed on different diets in the humid tropics
Get PDFIn the humid tropics of Mexico, sheep production is an important economic activity, mainly focused on the sale of barbacoa and barbacoa tacos; however, no primal cuts of lambs are offered.
Objective: To assess carcass yield and primal cuts of lambs fed on different diets in Loma Bonita, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Five diets were assessed to measure carcass yield and primal lamb cuts: corn stover, corn silage, Chinese hibiscus (locally known as tulipán), cracked corn, and grazing. A completely randomized experimental design was used. The following variables were measured: hot and cold carcass weight, hot and cold carcass yield, neck weight, leg weight, shoulder weight, loin weight, rib weight, rib eye area determination, and fat thickness.
Results: Lambs fed on cracked corn achieved a higher carcass yield (44.2%) than the other treatments (P≤0.05), a leg weight of 3.87 kg, and loins 2.57 kg heavier than the other treatments, in average (P≤0.05).
Study Limitations/Implications: It was difficult to obtain homogeneous groups of lambs in terms of age and weight.
Findings/Conclusions: Lambs fed on cracked corn recorded higher carcass yields and better leg and loin primal cuts than lambs fed on the other diets
Insecticide resistance level of Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) in northern Mexico
Get PDFObjective: To determine the response of the larvae of three Ae. aegypti populations from the Mexican North Pacific region to insecticides with different mode of action.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Three colonies were obtained placing ovitramps in peridomestic sites in Guadalajara (Jalisco), Culiacan (Sinaloa), and La Paz (Baja California Sur). Based on the methodology proposed by WHO, the bioassays were carried out with F1 larvae in the early fourth instar.
Results: The larvae from the three field colonies had high resistance to permethrin and low resistance to deltamethrin; however, they were susceptible to Spinosad and Bacillus thuringiensis var. Israelensis. The Culiacan strain showed a high resistance to the malathion and propoxur insecticides.
Study Limitations/Implications: The results provided valuable information about the response of these populations to insecticides, which are useful to establish resistance in the lab. Consequently, further studies should be carried out to complement the information obtained in these field tests.
Findings/Conclusions: The data indicated resistance levels to pyrethroid insecticides (mainly permethrin), as well as to organophosphates and carbamates
Physicochemical characteristics of milk sold in family production units in the Atoyac River Basin in Puebla and Tlaxcala, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: To determine the physicochemical characteristics and possible adulteration of raw milk marketed in dairy family systems located in the Atoyac River Basin in Puebla-Tlaxcala.
Design/methodology/approach: The physical characteristics of milk were determined: pH, acidity and freezing point; and chemical characteristics: fat, protein, lactose, minerals, non-fat solids, total solids and water content. This milk is produced and sold by 264 family production units to three cheese companies in the Atoyac River Basin in the states of Puebla and Tlaxcala. The data were analyzed by company and subsequently grouped with the Cluster technique of the SAS software.
Results: Significant differences (p<0.05) were found in the physical and chemical characteristics of the milk marketed by the producers with the three processing companies. In general, the milk is acid and adulterated with an average of 11.49% water; this results in a loss of $0.67/liter and in a dilution of its components, particularly protein and lactose, which leaves it outside the parameters established by normativity. The multivariate analysis generated four groups of producers and suggests the possibility that a group of producers adulterates with water, but also adds some kind of compound to increase the fat content to mask the adulteration.
Limitations on study/implications: The study of this topic, where the economic interests of the primary actors in the production chain can be affected, is delicate and difficult to carry out; however, it is necessary in order to know the quality of the products that are generated and their implication in the economy and the health of consumers.
Findings/conclusions: This study showed that the milk marketed by producers to processing companies does not comply with current regulations due to adulteration with water and the possible addition of compounds that replace fat; therefore, verification programs for compliance of the regulations are required, hoping with this that producers will receive a fair price for their production and will not have the need to adulterate the milk
Typology of sheep farmers benefited by the Program for the Improvement of indigenous Production and Productivity
Get PDFObjective: To identify the typology and describe the sheep farmers benefited by the Programa para el Mejoramiento de la Producción y Productividad Indígena (PROIN: Program for the Improvement of Indigenous Production and Productivity) of the Instituto Nacional de Pueblos Indígenas (INPI: National Institute for Indigenous Peoples), in Campeche.
Design/Methodology/Approach: One-hundred ninety-nine sheep farmers registered as beneficiaries in the Program were interviewed. They belonged to 27 sheep farms (SF), located in seven municipalities. A questionnaire including socioeconomic and technical questions and 15 quantitative and qualitative variables was conducted. Variables were correlated and a principal components analysis was carried out to define types of farms. The variables that explained the highest variability in the data set were number of sheep, number of sheep sold per year, annual income from sheep sales, productive purpose of the sheep farming, and feeding system. These variables were then used to perform a cluster analysis in order to identify and cluster the sheep farms.
Results: Three groups of farmers were identified: Conventional (C, 74%) with 70 sheep and annual sales for 36,680.00; and those in business (B, 11%) with 142 sheep and annual sales for $48,443.00. All the producers (100%) carry out extensive grazing. The breeds used by C and T are Pelibuey × Black Belly (78%), while B uses Pelibuey × Kathadin (21.7%).
Study Limitations/Implications: Implemented support strategies must differentiate according to the type of farm.
Findings/Conclusions: Three types of sheep farmers were identified: Conventional, Transitional, and Enterprise. Farmer types were differentiated by the number of sheep, sales, income, sheep production system, and feeding system they use
Developing a Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) for Risk Mapping
Get PDFcommunity, in Jilotepec, State of Mexico, with risk mapping purposes.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was developed based on sociodemographic indicators, housing characteristics, and the conditions of the production systems. The information sources for the SVI indicators were obtained from official Basic Geostatistical Area (AGEB) censuses and from an online survey carried out in the community under study. The SVI was cross-referenced with data from four previously published natural hazard studies for risk mapping purposes.
Results: The methodological proposal uses equal weight index statistical techniques to develop the SVI. Using online surveys is a clearly viable option for research studies that require to obtain more detailed data on housing characteristics, as well as the population’s perception of certain changes in precipitation and temperature patterns that are happening in their community and the measures, they take to face these natural phenomena.
Study Limitations/Implications: Online surveys are relatively recent, which implies the need to design and implement validation and sampling mechanisms for the results.
Findings/Conclusions: Risk mapping enabled the territorial visualization and identification of the communal vulnerability conditions, which facilitates a conceptual approach to the social reality of the population and will allow the formulation of potential future scenarios of climate change and the implementation of public policies
Current status of the global production chain of giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
Get PDFObjective: To meet the current state of the Macrobrachium rosenbergii productive chain at the international level, identifying its links and the characteristics of the techniques used.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A review and analysis of M. rosenbergii literature focused on the production chain was carried out, which included a period of 20 years, from 2001 to 2022. The information of the productive chain was analyzed, by link. The information was synthesized in tables and the most relevant data related to the production of this crustacean through its cultivation are presented.
Results: The links in the productive chain identified are: production, processing and marketing. The cultivation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii is described, as well as the main technologies used to improve production.
Limitations/Implications: There is limited information on the productive chain of M. rosenbergii from a systemic approach. The topics are addressed from the particular of the activities, productive, processing and marketing.
Findings/Conclusions: It is detected that to improve the productive chain of M. rosenbergii, the supply of PL must be guaranteed, the development of better monoculture practices, and the integration of the crop with other species of commercial importance, as well as the organization of the productive chain considering the direct and indirect actors that integrate it.Objective: To determine the current state of the global production chain of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, identifying its links and the characteristics of the techniques used.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Studies over a period of 20 years (2001-2022) about the production chain of M. rosenbergii were reviewed and analyzed. The information was synthesized in tables and the most relevant production and farming data are offered as an output.
Results: The following links of the production chain were identified: production, processing, and commercialization. The Macrobrachium rosenbergii farming and the main technologies used to improve its production are described.
Study Limitations/Implications: There is limited systemic information about the M. rosenbergii production chain. The topics addressed the specifics of production, processing, and marketing.
Findings/Conclusions: To improve the M. rosenbergii production chain, the following aspects must be guaranteed: the supply of post-larvae (PL) specimens, the development of better monoculture practices, and its integration with other species of commercial importance. The organization of the production chain must also be reviewed, considering its direct and indirect participants