Revista Agro Productividad
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Innovation and development of a new snack based on blue corn and grasshopper.
Get PDFObjective: Develop a similar snack to marzipan, with higher nutritional quality by adding protein to provide a healthy consumption alternative.
Design/methodology/approach: A snack made from blue corn flour, grasshopper, agave honey and cocoa was elaborated. The proportions of the aforementioned ingredients were modified in four different formulations. Acceptance tests were conducted with 140 individuals to determine the formulation with the highest degree of approval and laboratory tests were carried out to determine its nutritional quality.
Results: In this research it was possible to develop an innovative nutritional product such as marzipan containing protein, which had a 72% acceptance rate by the participants in the sensorial test. Furthermore, it was managed to use a carbohydrate source from blue corn, which is low on the glycemic index. On the other hand, an attractive packaging design was proposed to capture the consumer's attention, so not only a nutritious snack was developed, but also a marketing package was proposed for its commercialization.
Limitations on study/implications: During the development of this product, no preservatives were used, therefore the shelf life for this product is shorter if no preservatives are added.
Findings/conclusions: A considered functional snack was successfully developed which also has great potential for becoming a distinguished quality product since it is made with local ingredients from the region or country. The product was well accepted; besides it was suggested a packaging for its preservation and distribution.bjective: Develop a similar snack to marzipan, with higher nutritional quality by adding protein to provide a healthy consumption alternative.
Design/methodology/approach: A snack made from blue corn flour, grasshopper, agave honey and cocoa was elaborated. The proportions of the aforementioned ingredients were modified in four different formulations. Acceptance tests were conducted with 140 individuals to determine the formulation with the highest degree of approval and laboratory tests were carried out to determine its nutritional quality.
Results: In this research it was possible to develop an innovative nutritional product such as marzipan containing protein, which had a 72% acceptance rate by the participants in the sensorial test. Furthermore, it was managed to use a carbohydrate source from blue corn, which is low on the glycemic index. On the other hand, an attractive packaging design was proposed to capture the consumer's attention, so not only a nutritious snack was developed, but also a marketing package was proposed for its commercialization.
Limitations on study/implications: During the development of this product, no preservatives were used, therefore the shelf life for this product is shorter if no preservatives are added.
Findings/conclusions: A considered functional snack was successfully developed which also has great potential for becoming a distinguished quality product since it is made with local ingredients from the region or country. The product was well accepted; besides it was suggested a packaging for its preservation and distribution
Evaluation of protein sources in snail (Helix aspersa Müller) diets on the antioxidant bioactivity of peptides in meat and slime
Get PDFObjective: This work evaluates the effect of a dietary supply of amaranth, oats and lentils as a protein source on anthropometric measurements, the chemical composition in meat, as well as antioxidant activity in meat peptides and secretion of the snail (Helix aspersa Múller).
Design/methodology/approach: We worked with three groups of snails of 36 individuals and a control group fed with the same diet varying the protein source: amaranth, oats and lentils. A sample was taken every seven days and the shell's weight, width and length were measured. Five individuals from each group were sacrificed and the meat from which they were sacrificed was extracted: weight, moisture and protein. The hydrolysis soluble proteins in meat and slime were obtained and the antioxidant activity was measured using the reducing radicals DPPH• and ABTS•.
Results: Snail meat was obtained with an increase of more than double in weight when 10% of Am was supplied as a protein source.
Likewise, the dimensions of the shell will increase by 5%-11%. In FSM, it was obtained up to 79.8% moisture, 11.2% protein, 1.2% fat and 2.5% collagen. When obtaining snail meat flour, it was reduced to 12±1.9% humidity with up to 24.53 g/g of soluble protein. When hydrolyzing the proteins, it was observed that the peptides obtained presented the IC50 of DPPH scavenging activity of 21.58±2.7, 5.45± 1.8, 12.69±1.7 and IC50 of ABTS removal activity 8.86±0.9, 1.62±0.04, 10.84±1.0, for HFSM, HSMF and SS samples, respectively.
Limitations on study/implications: It is necessary to carry out other studies on the functionality of snail meat proteins and thus propose their implementation in food formulations to maximize their commercialization.
Findings/conclusions: Feeding snails with amaranth helps to increase the quality of protein in fresh meat and flour. Likewise, requests for soluble proteins from beef, flour and secretion are alternatives for preparing functional foods.Objective: This work evaluates the effect of a dietary supply of amaranth, oats and lentils as a protein source on anthropometric measurements, the chemical composition in meat, as well as antioxidant activity in meat peptides and secretion of the snail (Helix aspersa Múller).
Design/methodology/approach: We worked with three groups of snails of 36 individuals and a control group fed with the same diet varying the protein source: amaranth, oats and lentils. A sample was taken every seven days and the shell's weight, width and length were measured. Five individuals from each group were sacrificed and the meat from which they were sacrificed was extracted: weight, moisture and protein. The hydrolysis soluble proteins in meat and slime were obtained and the antioxidant activity was measured using the reducing radicals DPPH• and ABTS•.
Results: Snail meat was obtained with an increase of more than double in weight when 10% of Am was supplied as a protein source.
Likewise, the dimensions of the shell will increase by 5%-11%. In FSM, it was obtained up to 79.8% moisture, 11.2% protein, 1.2% fat and 2.5% collagen. When obtaining snail meat flour, it was reduced to 12±1.9% humidity with up to 24.53 g/g of soluble protein. When hydrolyzing the proteins, it was observed that the peptides obtained presented the IC50 of DPPH scavenging activity of 21.58±2.7, 5.45± 1.8, 12.69±1.7 and IC50 of ABTS removal activity 8.86±0.9, 1.62±0.04, 10.84±1.0, for HFSM, HSMF and SS samples, respectively.
Limitations on study/implications: It is necessary to carry out other studies on the functionality of snail meat proteins and thus propose their implementation in food formulations to maximize their commercialization.
Findings/conclusions: Feeding snails with amaranth helps to increase the quality of protein in fresh meat and flour. Likewise, requests for soluble proteins from beef, flour and secretion are alternatives for preparing functional foods
Biological Activity of Essential Oil from Two Aromatic Species on the in vitro Control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc.
Get PDFEssential oils (EO) from aromatic and medicinal plants (MAP) are considered a feasible alternative for the control of phytopathogenic fungi of agronomic importance, due to the active principles they possess. The present study evaluated in vitro the antifungal activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and rue (Ruta graveolens L.), on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, using the disc inhibition method in agar, concentrations from 10 to 100 % of each EO were used. The phytochemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS. Morphological observations were made with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A noticeable antifungal activity was observed from 50 to 100 % of the concentration of thyme EO. The rue EO showed a fungistatic effect for 6 days. The phytochemical analysis showed carvacrol (35.95 %) and p-cymene (41.18 %) as major components of thyme EO, and 2-nonanone (24.24 %) and 2-undecanone (68.69 %) for rue. The evaluated EO´s have a significant impact on morphological level at concentrations of 60 %. The strong antifungal activity of thyme on C. gloeosporioides could be used as a natural alternative for the control of the pathogen.
Objective: Essential oils (EO) from aromatic and medicinal plants (AMP) are considered a viable alternative for controlling phytopathogenic fungi of agronomic importance. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and rue (Ruta graveolens L.) essential oils against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The antifungal activity was assessed using the agar disk diffusion method, with concentrations ranging from 10% to 100% of each EO. The phytochemical composition was analyzed using GC-MS. Morphological observations were conducted with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Results: Significant antifungal activity was observed at concentrations of 50-100% of thyme EO. Rue EO exhibited a fungistatic effect for up to six days. Phytochemical analysis identified carvacrol (35.95%) and p-cymene (41.18%) as the major components in thyme EO, and 2-nonanone (24.24%) and 2-undecanone (68.69%) in rue EO.
Findings/conclusions: The evaluated EOs significantly impacted fungal morphology at 60% concentration. The strong antifungal activity of thyme EO against C. gloeosporioides suggests its potential as an eco-friendly control alternative.
Registry of mermithid (Mermithidae) parasites of spittlebug nymphs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) in sugarcane crops in Veracruz, Mexico
Get PDFSObjective: To make known the presence of parasite mermithids of the spittlebug nymph in different sugarcanelocalities of the state of Veracruz, Mexico.Design/methodology/approach: The nematodes were collected in sugarcane soils after observation of theemergence of the pest from the spittlebug nymphs (in situ), while some others were obtained after collectingspittlebug nymphs in the field and the pest’s emergence in the laboratory. The death of the nematodes wasprovoked with hot water (sterile distilled, 60 °C), and they were measured and stored in Eppendorf tubes of 1.5mL in formaldehyde 4% and kept in refrigeration at 4 °C.Results: This report is presented as evidence of pest mermithids that emerge from the spittlebug nymph hostin sugarcane crops in eight localities of the state of Veracruz. Although their identification at the species levelcould not be done, the length of each mermithid found was recorded, as well as its relationship with the host.Limitations on study/implications: When the presence of mermithids was verified and their location wasidentified in diverse localities, the opportunity of continuing with the collection of specimens was justified andtheir identification could be formally performed, as well as the implementation of biological control studieswith the use of these native nematodes; also, the exploration of their roles in the control of nymphs from thesugarcane crop.Findings/conclusions: The presence of mermithid parasites of spittlebug nymphs in the sugarcane crop ineight localities in the mountainous region of Veracruz was verified in situ. Their emergence was classifiedinitially on nymphs of the spittlebug (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) that belong to the genera Aeneolamia and Prosapi
Production Analysis of Corn (Zea mays L.) in Agricultural District VII Valle de Bravo, State of MexicoV
Get PDFObjective: Analyze corn production in the Rural Development District (RDD) 7 “Valle de Bravo”, State of Mexico, focusing on the relation between yield and sowed area, as well as on the identification of the factors that may affect said production
Design/methodology/approach: Data from the Agri-Food and Fisheries Information System (SIAP) on the sowed area, production, and yield of corn (2003-2021) were used; also, questionnaires were applied to DDR 7 producers. Statistical analysis were carried out with SPSS software and simple linear regression models were used to evaluate productivity and associated factors.
Results: Corn yield had a linear growth, however, the sowed area decreased as farmers have dedicated themselves to producing more profitable alternative crops. Guaranteed prices per ton were considered inadequate and high input costs hampered agricultural production.
Limitations: Farmers faced challenges, such as high production costs and lack of access to economic resources. Government programs provide some support to corn production; however, this is not enough to address the structural problems of the sector.
Conclusions: There is a need for a comprehensive strategy that addresses the systemic challenges facing the corn sector. This includes measures to improve productivity, reduce production costs, ensure fair prices; as well as promoting crop diversification, improving access to resources and technologies that guarantee the long-term sustainability of the agri-food sector.
Keywords: Corn, production, yield, government subsidies.Objective: Analyze corn production in Rural Development District (RDD) 7 “Valle de Bravo”, State ofMexico, focusing on the relationship between yield and sown area, as well as identifying factors that may affectthis production.Design/methodology/approach: Data from the Agri-Food and Fisheries Information System (SIAP) onsown area, production, and yield of corn (2003-2021) were used. Additionally, questionnaires were providedto RRD 7 producers. Statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS software and simple linear regressionmodels were applied to evaluate productivity and associated factors.Results: Corn yield showed linear growth; however, the sown area decreased as farmers have dedicatedthemselves to producing more profitable crops. Guaranteed prices per ton were deemed inadequate and highinput costs hindered agricultural production.Limitations: Farmers faced challenges such as high production costs and limited access to financial resources.Government programs offer some support for corn production; however, this is insufficient to address thestructural problems of the sector.Conclusions: A comprehensive strategy is needed to address the systemic challenges facing the corn sector.This includes measures to improve productivity, reduce production costs, ensure fair prices, promote cropdiversification and enhance access to resources and technologies that guarantee the long-term sustainability ofthe agri-food sector
Morphology, density and population fluctuation of new records of orthopterans associated with four agroecosystems
Get PDFObjective: To determine orthopterans taxonomically, to calculate the population dynamics and fluctuation based on collections carried out in four agroecosystems in the Experimental Unit of the “Presidente Juárez” Agrobiology School in Uruapan, Michoacán, Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: The research was conducted from August to December 2019. The agroecosystem was divided into four sectors, and for each sector a hectare of land with different crops was assigned. A completely randomized experimental design was established, with four treatments and five repetitions. Five collections were made in each sector, every 14 days. The field information was analyzed with the SAS software ver. 3.8, with Tukey’s means comparison test (0.05).
Results: Two thousand hits were carried out with an entomological net and 2024 orthopterans were collected. The outstanding genera and species were: Schistocerca nitens, Sphenarium purpurascens and Achurum sumichrasti.
Limitations on study/implications: Only five months of the year were evaluated, so the species determined can vary in their relative abundance.
Findings/conclusions: New records were found in seven families, 19 genera and 16 species: Acanthorintes tauriformis, Achurum sumichrasti (Saussure, 1861); Aidemona azteca (Saussure, 1861); Arphia conspersa Scudder, 1875; Brachystola mexicana Bruner, 1906; Ceuthophilus pallidipes Tomás, 1872; Conocephalus cinereus Thunberg, 1815; Dichromorpha prominula (Bruner, 1904); Ducetia japónica (Thunberg, 1815); Gryllus spp., Linnaeus, 1758; Melanoplus differentialis (Thomas, 1865); Neoconocephalus triops (Linnaeus, 1758); Rhammatocerus viatorius (Saussure, 1861); Schistocerca nitens (Thunberg, 1815); Sphenarium purpurascens (Charpentier, 1841); Stilpnochlora azteca (Saussure, 1859); Taeniopoda stali Bruner, 1907; Pyrgocorypha spp., Stal 1873; and Stenopelmatus spp., Burmeister, 1838
Nutritional potential value of Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers., La-blab purpureus (L.) Sweet, and Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek in two sowing methods
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the agronomic performance and nutritional potential of Sesbania grandiflora, Lablab purpureus, and Vigna radiata in two sowing methods.
Design/methodology/approach: The morphological and bromatological parameters of leaves and stems of S. grandiflora, L. purpureus, and V. radiata sown flat and in beds were determined. The forages of leaves and stems of the three species were classified according to their quality parameters. Data for morphological and bromatological parameters were analyzed with a completely randomized design with a 3x2 factorial arrangement and least squares means were compared with Tukey (p<0.05).
Results: Sesbania grandiflora in flat and bed sowing presented greater height, higher percentage of leaf dry matter, and percentage of stem dry matter. While V. radiata in flat sowing presented greater plant weight, leaf weight and stem weight. Sesbania grandiflora leaf forages in flat and bed sowing obtained a higher percentage of crude protein, while V. radiata in flat and bed sowing obtained a lower percentage of neutral detergent fiber. For stem forage, the three species in flat and bed sowing presented high percentage values of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. The leaf forages in bed sowing were classified as excellent quality, as were the leaf forages of S. grandiflora and V. radiata in flat sowing, which also had excellent quality.
Findings/conclusions: The forage of S. grandiflora leaves in flat and bed sowing was of excellent quality, related to its higher percentage of dry matter and crude protein and its lower percentage of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) yield and quality depending on the osmotic potential and the number of stems
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the biochemical components, physical characteristics (number of stems and fruit), and yield of Saladette tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Var. Cid F1, grown under greenhouse conditions and its response to a constant increase (from 1 to 2.5 dS m-1) of the osmotic potential of a nutrient solution, during three phenological stages (transplantation, 2nd cluster fruiting, and 6th cluster fruiting) of plants subjected to a single- and two-stem training system.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A sampling was carried out in the 5th cluster to determine the physical characteristics (firmness, size, number, color) and biochemical components (total soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamin C, lycopene, pH, electrical conductivity, and ripening index) of the fruits. The experiment was established in 2018, under a greenhouse hydroponic system at Colegio de Postgraduados. The experiment was set as randomized complete block design with four replicates.
Results: The increase of osmotic potential and pruning had a positive effect on yield and number of fruits without affecting the biochemical components. Regarding the physical characteristics, T1 had 76% large fruits, 19% medium-sized fruits, 4% small fruits, and 1% tiny fruits.
Study Limitations/Implications: This methodology should be evaluated to other tomato varieties using different substrate mixtures and rates of chemical and organic fertilizers to evaluate water response and crop yield.
Findings/Conclusions: Increasing the osmotic potential of the nutrient solution, during phenological stages of maximum water and nutrient demand and the removal of old leaves had a positive response by increasing fruit number, size, and yield
Physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters of soil under different tillage types.
Get PDFObjective: To determine the effect on the chemical, physical and biological properties of soils under minimum tillage and conservation tillage in different locations in Sinaloa.
Design/methodology/approach: The treatments were evaluated using a completely randomized experimental design, with a total of eight treatments or sampling sites, where five samples per site were collected at a depth of 30 cm. A total of 40 samples were obtained, which were preserved in a thermal box and were transferred to the microbiology laboratory of the Faculty of Agronomy (UAS). The variables evaluated included the quantification of bacteria on plates, where the number of total bacterial colonies (TB), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NF) and indole-promoting bacteria (IPB) were determined. In addition, organic matter, electrical conductivity and pH were determined.
Results: Soils under minimum tillage modality significantly promoted higher percentage of organic matter, a greater number of bacterial colonies and higher electrical conductivity compared to soils with conventional tillage modality.
Limitations on study/implications:
Findings/conclusions: Agricultural tillage intervenes in the physical, chemical and microbiological properties of soils, as the sampling sites where minimum tillage is practiced show a higher concentration of organic matter and therefore leads to greater microbiology and electrical conductivity in those evaluated soils
Potentially mineralizable nitrogen: Estimation of the labile and stabilized pools under woodland and cultivated soils in Mexico
Get PDFObjective: The aim of this work was to evaluate nitrogen pool and its variation due to land uses in different soil orders.
Design/methodology/approach: Alfisols, Entisols and Inceptisols under different uses (woodland and cultivated soils) were incubated for 20 weeks under controlled temperature and humidity. The mineralizable N (NO3--N and NH4+-N) was obtained and the potentially mineralizable nitrogen (N0) was estimated by the method of iterative adjustment. Nitrogen from 0 to 5 weeks was considered as labile nitrogen, and from 5 to 20 weeks was the stabilized nitrogen. The labile nitrogen was described by a potential model, while the stabilized nitrogen was described by a logistic model. The labile nitrogen and stabilized nitrogen pools were estimated after obtaining the first derivate and solving the integral of the potentially mineralizable nitrogen equation.
Results: The greatest estimated amounts of labile and stabilized nitrogen were detected in an Alfisol under woodland use, and the minimum values were obtained in an Entisol under agricultural use. Similar results were obtained for the estimated amount of labile and stabilized nitrogen pool.
Limitations on study/implications: It is important to measure the labile and stabilized fraction of nitrogen, which requires long-term incubations to obtain models of soil N pools, so other methods realiable and faster need to be considered.
Findings/conclusions: The potentially mineralizable nitrogen was positively related to the different fractions of labile and stabilized nitrogen under the different land uses