Revista Agro Productividad
Not a member yet
2268 research outputs found
Sort by
Clonal micropropagation and ex-situ conservation of Rhyncholaelia digbyana (Lindley) Schltr
Get PDFObjective: To obtain protocols for clonal micropropagation, crop planning, and in vitro conservation of Rhycholaelia digbyana (Lindley) Schltr. Methodology: The effects of the Kundson C basal medium and benzylaminopurine concentration were evaluated for clonal micropropagation. The treatment with the greatest number of shoots formed per apex was selected for crop planning. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of basal medium Murashige and Skoog concentration at 2.2 gL-1 and 4.4 gL-1; sorbitol, mannitol, and sucrose at 1, 2, and 3% on slow growth. Results: The best treatment for clonal micropropagation and crop planning was identified as 21.60 gL-1 Knudson C with 8.80 µM benzylaminopurine. This treatment resulted in uniform-sized shoots produced. The multiplication process can yield 10,240 seedlings in 12 months. Slow growth was achieved using Murashige and Skoog basal media at 2.2 gL-1 with 1% mannitol. Implications: More experiments must be conducted to determine the best shoot induction conditions and improve resource efficiency. Conclusions: These findings represent the first report on micropropagation and ex-situ conservation to preserve germplasm for this species as an important resource for the floriculture industry.
Objective: To obtain protocols for clonal micropropagation, crop planning, and in vitro conservation of Rhycholaelia digbyana (Lindley) Schltr.
Methodology: The effects of the Kundson C basal medium and benzylaminopurine concentration were evaluated for clonal micropropagation. The treatment with the greatest number of shoots formed per apex was selected for crop planning. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of basal medium Murashige and Skoog concentration at 2.2 gL-1 and 4.4 gL-1; sorbitol, mannitol, and sucrose at 1, 2, and 3% on slow growth.
Results: The best treatment for clonal micropropagation and crop planning was identified as 21.60 gL-1 Knudson C with 8.80 µM benzylaminopurine. This treatment resulted in uniform-sized shoots produced. The multiplication process can yield 10,240 seedlings in 12 months. Slow growth was achieved using Murashige and Skoog basal media at 2.2 gL-1 with 1% mannitol.
Implications: More experiments must be conducted to determine the best shoot induction conditions and improve resource efficiency.
Conclusions: These findings represent the first report on micropropagation and ex-situ conservation to preserve germplasm for this species as an important resource for the floriculture industry
Acute toxicity induced by treated sewage to zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Get PDFObjective: Acute toxicity markers in zebrafish caused by exposure to treated sewage from two sewage treatment plants were evaluated in order to obtain accurate and relevant information on the potential environmental health risks associated with these waters.
Design/methodology/approach: The acute toxicity assessment was performed according to the guidelines proposed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Five proportions of each type of water treated with dechlorinated tap water (20, 40, 60, 60, 80 and 100%) were tested to determine the Median Lethal Dilution (LDil50). The dechlorinated tap water was the negative control and as a positive control potassium dichromate at Mean Lethal Concentration (0.065 mg/L). The description of the teratogenic effects was carried out using the spine biomarker, which consists of dividing the fish into three sections to identify the damaged area.
Results: The results revealed that the mixture of treated sewage (mCl) and treated sewage disinfected with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) caused toxic effects in zebrafish embryos. On the other hand, treated sewage from the Macroplanta de Bahía de Banderas (BBdClO) was not toxic at 96 hours of exposure.
Limitations on study/implications: It would be advisable to characterize the treated sewage from these two sewage treatment plants.
Findings/conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of assessing the toxicity of treated sewage and its short- and long-term effects on aquatic organisms, providing valuable information for water resource management and environmental protection.Objetivo: Se evaluaron marcadores de toxicidad aguda en pez cebra causados por la exposición a aguas residuales tratadas de dos plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales para obtener información precisa y relevante sobre los riesgos potenciales para la salud ambiental asociados con estas aguas.
Diseño/metodología/aproximación: La evaluación de la toxicidad aguda se realizó de acuerdo a los lineamientos propuestos por la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OECD). Para determinar la Dilución Letal Media (LDil50) se analizaron cinco proporciones de cada tipo de agua tratada con agua del grifo declorada (20, 40, 60, 80 y 100%). La descripción de los efectos teratogénicos se realizó mediante el biomarcador de columna vertebral.
Resultados: Los resultados revelaron que la mezcla de agua residual tratada (mCl) y el agua residual tratada desinfectada con hipoclorito de sodio (NaClO) causaron efectos tóxicos en los embriones del pez cebra, como letalidad, malformaciones y alteraciones cardiacas. Por otra parte, el agua residual tratada de la Macroplanta de Bahía de Banderas (BBdClO) no fue tóxica a 96 horas de exposición.
Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Sería recomendable caracterizar las aguas residuales tratadas de estas dos plantas de tratamiento.
Hallazgos/conclusiones: Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de evaluar la toxicidad de las aguas residuales tratadas y sus efectos a corto y largo plazo en los organismos acuáticos, proporcionando información valiosa para la gestión de recursos hídricos y la protección del medio ambiente
Hydrolysis of chicken feathers for their use as a protein additive in cattle feed
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate diverse protein hydrolysis methods of chicken feathers meal on ruminal digestibility for its possible use in the elaboration of protein additives for animal consumption.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Four protein hydrolysis methods of chicken feathers meal were evaluated: thermal hydrolysis (TH), chemical hydrolysis (CH), acid-enzymatic hydrolysis (AH) and allkaline-enzymatic hydrolysis (BH). These methods were compared to chicken feathers meal without any treatment as a control into a completely randomized design.
Results: All hydrolysis methods reduced the protein content in feathers meal when compared to control (p<0.05). Crude protein contents were 97.3, 70, 74.1, 75.5 and 87.7 for Control, TH, CH, AH and BH, respectively. However, the highest value in digestibility was observed in CH (p<0.05); whereas the other methods showed digestibility values lower to 20% (p<0.05).
Implications: Given results show that CH provide higher contents of soluble and digestible protein, as well as higher hydrolysis.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate that chicken feathers meal hydrolyzed by chemical methods shows optimal conditions which makes it suitable for elaboration of protein additives to animal consumptio
New electrostatic theory for the ascent of sap in tall trees
No full textObjective: To propose a new electrostatic theory for the rise of sap in tall trees.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A detailed review of the different theories presented regarding capillary rise in trees was carried out. The new theory proposed herein is based on the scientific works of physiologists, biophysicists, and other branches of science, which expose the scientific bases of the water movement in the plant, but who have not proposed an integrated work.
Results: The theory uses the knowledge generated and based on them; a new explanation of the movement of sap in trees is proposed.
Study Limitations/Implications: In this proposal, no field experiments were carried out to verify the increase in sap flow in trees with heights greater than 40 m.
Findings/Conclusions: The new theory helps to better explain water loss through transpiration and metabolic processes, since both are closely related to the water content in the mobile solution.
Objective: to propose a new electrostatic theory for sap ascent in tall trees.Design/Methodology/Approach: we accomplished a detailed review of the different theories publishedregarding sap ascent by capillary in trees. The new theory proposed herein is based on some scientific studiesof physiologists, biophysicists, and other branches of science, which expose the scientific bases of the watermovement in the plant, but who have not proposed an integrated framework.Results: the proposed theory analyzed prior knowledge, then based on it, a new explanation is proposed forthe ascent of sap in trees.Study Limitations/Implications: no field experiments were carried out to verify the increase in sap ascentin trees with heights greater than 40 m.Findings/Conclusions: this new theory helps to better explain water loss through transpiration and metabolicprocesses, since both are closely related to the water content in the mobile solution in conducting vessels
Adaptation of calves in the transition from intensive to dual-purpose system during extreme drought
Get PDFObjective: Evaluate the adaptation of calves in the transition from intensive to dual-purpose system during extreme drought.
Design/methodology/approach: The study was carried out in Tamaulipas, Mexico with calves in transition from an Intensive Production System (SPI) in Ciudad Victoria to a Dual-Purpose System (SDP) located in Altamira. Two groups of Swiss×Gyr×Holstein cross calves were analyzed, the first control group (CG; n = 8) born in SDP, and the second coming from SPI (GA; n =6), zoometric measurements were recorded: height at the withers, length of the animal, chest circumference, pelvis length, pelvis width, height at the rump, body condition and weight, the blood concentration of betahydroxybutyrates (BHB) and Glucose were measured. An ANDEVA was carried out with a factorial design and a correlation with a Pearson test.
Results: There were differences between GA and GC (P < 0.01), as well as in the date factor (P < 0.01). Blood concentrations of BHB and Glucose had no difference between groups (P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation (R = - 0.47; P < 0.05) between BHB and body condition.
Limitations on study/implications: Although the dual-purpose system is very versatile, in the study area only 33% of ranchers manage it, due to the accentuation of drought and climate change.
Findings/conclusions: The calves showed adequate development with good adaptation in the transition from SPI to SDP, although there was an effect of the factors, the calves responded favorably to management.
Keywords: cattle, growth, zoometric measurements, beta hydroxybutyrate.Objective: Evaluate the adaptation of calves in the transition from intensive to dual-purpose system during extreme drought.
Design/methodology/approach: The study was carried out in Tamaulipas, Mexico with calves in transition from an Intensive Production System (IPS) in Ciudad Victoria to a Dual-Purpose System (DPS) located in Altamira. Two groups of Swiss×Gyr×Holstein cross calves were analyzed, control group (CG; n = 8) born in DPS, and the adapted group coming from IPS (GA; n =6), zoometric measurements were recorded: height at the withers, length of the animal, chest circumference, pelvis length, pelvis width, height at the rump, body condition and weight, the blood concentration of betahydroxybutyrates (BHB) and glucose were measured. An ANDEVA was carried out with a factorial design and a correlation analysis.
Results: There were differences between GA and GC (P < 0.01), as well as in the date factor (P < 0.01). Blood concentrations of BHB and glucose had no difference between groups (P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation (R = - 0.47; P < 0.05) between BHB and body condition.
Limitations on study/implications: Although the dual-purpose system is very versatile, in the study area only 33% of ranchers manage it, due to the accentuation of drought and climate change.
Findings/conclusions: The calves showed adequate development with good adaptation in the transition from SPI to SDP, although there was an effect of the factors, the calves responded favorably to managemen
Effect of the Application Timing of VIUSID Agro® on the Growth of Coffea arabica L. Seedlings
Get PDFObjective: VIUSDI Agro® is a biostimulant that contains amino acids, vitamins and minerals. In Cuba its beneficial effect has been demonstrated mainly in vegetables, sugar cane and tobacco. There is little information about its use in coffee, which is why the investigation was carried out. to assess the effect of the moment of application on the growth of coffee seedlings.
Design/methodology/approach: Experiments were developed in the nursery of the Agro-Forest Research Institute in Tercer Frente, during December 2019 to July 2020 and October 2020 to June 2021 under saran mesh shade. In a completely randomized design, 4 treatments were studied: without VIUSID Agro® (Control); monthly application from the second to the fifth pair of leaves; application on the second, fourth and sixth pair of leaves; on the third and fifth pair of leaves. Height, stem diameter, dry mass, leaf area, posture quality index, as well as agronomic efficiency were evaluated. The data were processed using a simple classification analysis of variance. To compare the means, Duncan's test was applied.
Results: The coffee seedlings responded positively and significantly to the biostimulant. The applications increased the morphological variables evaluated and the efficiency of the applications.
Findings/conclusions: Foliar applications of VIUSID Agro® on the third and fifth pair of leaves were the most efficient and reduced the production costs of coffee plants.Objective: VIUSDI Agro® is a biostimulant that contains amino acids, vitamins and minerals. In Cuba, itsbeneficial effects have been primarily demonstrated in vegetables, sugarcane and tobacco. However, there islimited information regarding its use in coffee. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect ofapplication timing on the growth of coffee seedlings.Design/methodology/approach: The experiments were conducted at nursery of the Agro-Forest ResearchInstitute in Tercer Frente, from December 2019 to July 2020 and from October 2020 to June 2021, undersaran mesh shade. Using a completely randomized design, four treatments were evaluated: without VIUSIDAgro® (Control); monthly applications from the second to the fifth leaf pairs; application on the second, fourthand sixth leaf pairs; and applications on the third and fifth leaf pairs. Height, stem diameter, dry mass, leafarea, seedlings quality index, as well as agronomic efficiency were assessed. Data were analyzed using a onewayanalysis of variance, and Tukey test was applied to compare the means.Results: The coffee seedlings responded positively and significantly to the biostimulant. The applicationsenhanced the morphological variables and improved the application efficiency.Findings/conclusions: Foliar applications of VIUSID Agro® on the third and fifth pair of leaves were themost efficient, reducing the production costs of coffee plants
Neltuma laevigata and its influence on soil fertility in the Valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the presence of mesquite (Prosopis laevigata) and the soil fertility in the community of El Alberto, Municipality of Ixmiquilpan, State of Hidalgo.
Design/methodology/approach: The physicochemical parameters evaluated were based on NOM-021-SEMARNAT-2000 and covered four sampling sites (with and without mesquite) with 9 samples per site for a total of n=36. A paired student t test (p<0.05) was performed to determine the relationship between soil fertility and the presence or absence of mesquites.
Results: The results show a significant difference in the content of organic matter, humic substances, and humic acids which is larger in soils with natural vegetation with mesquite compared to soils with natural vegetation without mesquite. In agricultural soils, there is a difference in favor of soils with mesquites compared to soils without mesquites, but this difference is not significant.
Limitations on study/implications: The study does not describe changes in microbiological or other species that influence the organic mater and humic substances content.
Findings/conclusions: It is concluded that mesquite is a priority species that favors the fertility of the soils in the area, for this reason it is important to propose management strategies for this species in the Mezquital Valley.Objective: The physicochemical characteristics of soil fertility, based on the influence of mesquite (Neltumalaevigata) were evaluated in an agricultural community of Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo, Mexico.Design/Methodology/Approach: Based on NOM-021-SEMARNAT-2000, physical and chemicalparameters were evaluated. Nine samples were taken from each of the four sites with and without mesquite(n=36). The relationship between soil fertility and the presence or absence of mesquite mesquite was determinedwith a paired t- test (p<0.05).Results: A significant difference in organic matter content was recorded. Humic substances and acids arehigher in soils with natural vegetation with mesquite than in soils with natural vegetation without mesquite.Study Limitations/Implications: The study does not consider changes in microbiological biodiversity or theinfluence of other plant species in organic matter content and humic substances.Findings/Conclusions: Mesquite promotes soil fertility in the area; consequently, proposing managementstrategies for this species is fundamental in the Valle del Mezquital
Characterization and evaluation of a tray dryer with change of position: kinetics and thermodynamic properties of the process, preserving the nutraceutical properties in Golden Delicious apple slices.
Get PDFThe drying kinetics in apple slices between 45–55 °C was studied until reach a moisture ratio of 10±2%. 8 thin layer drying models were statistically fitted where the Midilli-Kucuk model presented the best performance, moreover its drying constant increased with the temperature, effective diffusivity was ranged from 68.16 E-10 – 2.28 E-08 m2 s-1, the Arrhenius factor and activation energy were 3.74 E-02 m2 s-1 and 28.11 kJ mol-1, the enthalpy decreased from 25.46–25.38 kJ mol-1, the entropy was ranged between (-0.2728 – -0.2730) kJ mol-1 K-1, and the Gibbs free energy increased from 112.25–114.98 kJ mol-1. The 45 °C treatment preserved the highest phenolic compounds (51.1±1.54 mg EAG 100 g-1), while the initial activity of elimination of radicals was 766.9±91.4 and 973.3±103.4 µg mg-1 according to the DPPH and ABTS methods, the antioxidant activity shows an inverse behavior to the drying temperature. This work will allow to establish the temperature, time, moisture ratio and energy to drying apple slices according to local weather or under controlled conditions
Nutritional evaluation of white corn grain for tortilla manufacturing
Get PDFObjective: Agronomic characteristics such as density, hectoliter weight, grain hardness and nutritional value of maize (Zea mays L.) grain in terms of protein, starch and oil content were evaluated.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Using the Dickey John INSTALAB 700® equipment, hybrid and native maize grains from different commercial houses that are planted in Durango, central region of northern Mexico. The seeds evaluated were of the certified type and evaluated in the Agricultural Biology laboratory of the Technological Institute of the Guadiana Valley. The grains were prepared following CIMMYT laboratory protocols in order to evaluate the nutritional and industrial quality of maize.
indings/Conclusions: Ten genotypes exhibited soft grain hardness, one showed intermediate hardness and six showed hard hardness with values higher than a hectoliter weight of 74 kg hL-1, the latter having the greatest potential to be planted extensively for use in the production of tortilla dough.
Conclusions: The protein content in the corn evaluated was not statistically significant, but the starch content varied from 52 to 62% with an oil content of 3.5 to 6.9%
Chemical Properties of a Water-Eroded Soil Amended with Mixtures of Dunaliella salina and Organic Fertilizers
Get PDFObjective: Evaluar el efecto de la incorporación de Dunaliella salina mezclada con fertilizantes orgánicos en un suelo erosionado hídricamente a través de algunas propiedades químicas, como una alternativa para mitigar los efectos causados por la erosión.
Design/methodology/approach: Se tomaron muestras de suelo erosionado, y este fue adicionando con dos dosis de fertilizante equino (C) y bovino (V) mezclado con D. salina, teniendo los tratamientos: C (control 0.2% de D. salina), Va (70,000 kg ha-1 y 0.2% de D. salina), Vb (35,000 kg ha-1 de abono y 0.2% de D. salina), Ca (70,000 kg ha-1 y 0.2% de D. salina), Cb (35,000 kg/ha-1 y 0.2% de D. salina). Después de la aplicación de cada tratamiento, se analizó materia orgánica, conductividad eléctrica, pH y mineralización de N a los 15, 30 y 45 días.
Results: Los tratamientos con mayor porcentaje de materia orgánica y conductividad eléctrica en todos los tiempos fueron Ca y Va. En los tratamientos Va y Ca, el pH se mantuvo neutro y con los valores más altos respecto a los demás tratamientos a los 15, 30 y 45 días después su incorporación.
Findings/conclusions: El tratamiento Va tuvo el mayor contenido de N desde los 15 días hasta los 45 días. Los resultados sugieren que la aplicación de abono orgánico con D. salina puede compensar los déficits en las propiedades químicas causados por la erosión hídrica