Revista Agro Productividad
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Productive behavior of rabbits fed with Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, foliage in the fattening phase
Get PDFObjective: To assess the productive behavior of rabbits fed with a diet that included 33% fresh Leucaena leucocephala foliage during the fattening phase.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Twenty 60-day-old New Zealand rabbits with an average live weight of 960 g were used. Using a completely randomized, 2×2 factorial design, five male and five female rabbits were distributed among the following treatments: ACCH treatment (300-g commercial feed for female rabbits), ACCM treatment (300-g commercial feed for male rabbits), ACFLCH treatment (200-g commercial feed with 100 g Leucaena foliage for female rabbits), and ACFLCM treatment (200-g commercial feed with 100 g Leucaena foliage for male rabbits). An analysis of variance and a Tukey's test were applied to determine the effect of the treatments on each of the variables analyzed.
Results: The rabbits that consumed the ACFLCM and ACFLCH diets with the addition of Leucaena gained more weight (P<0.05): 23.18±6.35 and 21.59±10.23 g/rabbit/day. Feed intake was higher (P<0.05) with a Leucaena foliage diet: 48.04.2±0.50 and 47.68±0.84 g/rabbit/day. A significant difference (P>0.05) in final weight was observed among treatments (ACCM, 1,971±256.6; ACFLCM, 2,211.8±197.7; ACCH, 2,012.4±275.6; and ACFLCH, 2,184.0±464.9).
Study Limitations/Implications: Proper and correct use of available forage must be made to guarantee that animals have access to food all year round.
Findings/Conclusions: The addition of Leucaena foliage in the diet did not generate a decrease in growth or feed intake
Induction of estrus as a strategy to improve the economic efficiency of the sheep flock
Get PDFProductivity and profitability in sheep production systems are strongly influenced by the reproductive capacity of the flock.
Objective: To evaluate the use of reproductive biotechnologies (e.g., the induction of estrus) and its impact on the economic efficiency and the productive and reproductive performance of technified sheep production systems, during the seasonal anestrus.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Four-hundred recently weaned (60 days postpartum) ewes of the Katahdin breed were randomly divided into two treatments: T1 = natural mating (n= 200) and T2 = induction of estrus (n=200). Estrus was induced through the application of intravaginal sponges, impregnated with 20 mg of chronolone, plus the injection of 400 IU of Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin. The aim was to evaluate the reproductive and economic efficiency of the flock.
Results: The induction of estrus during the seasonal anestrus recorded increases (p<0.001) in prolificacy (32%), fertility (86%), and kilograms of lamb weaned per year per ewe (48%), while decreases (p <0.05) were recorded in the number of open days (25%), calving interval (11%), cost per open days (23%), and the kilograms of lamb required per ewe per year (10%).
Study Limitations/Implications: The constant variations in the price of supplies and services caused changes in the economic indicators.
Findings/Conclusions: The use of reproductive biotechnologies (such as estrus induction) has a positive impact on production units, improving their profitability
A mixed-effects height-diameter model for Pinus douglasiana Martínez in temperate forests of Jalisco, Mexico
Get PDFpredicting tree-height of Pinus douglasiana in the natural forests of Jalisco, Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: For this study, we utilized 2,921 pairs of tree-height measurements collected from 65 permanent plots (each 50x50 m) in the study area. For each plot, we estimated the tree density as the number of trees per hectare (N, ha-1), the basal area per hectare (G, m2 ha-1) and the quadratic mean diameter (dg, cm). Subsequently, we tested several models from the literature and developed a generalized mixed-effects model for tree height prediction.
Results: The Gompertz base model outperformed the other local models, achieving an R² of 0.75 and an RMSE of 3.13. Including the stand variables (N, G, and dg) and incorporating random effects significantly improved the model fit, resulting in an R² of 0.89 and an RMSE of 2.09 m. Calibration and validation steps revealed that selecting the three thickest trees is effective for estimating random effects in new plots or stands, with the RMSE and R² being 2.59 and 0.83, respectively.
Limitations on study/implications: The present model can be applied in areas where P. douglasiana is naturally distributed. However, it is advisable to calibrate the model using a sub-sample to achieve more accurate predictions of tree heights in new plots or areas.
Findings/conclusions: The Gompertz function was used as the base function to develop the final generalized mixed-effects model for predicting the height of Pinus douglasiana. The inclusion of stand variables (N, G, and dg) along with random effects improved the model fit. This model represents a new and more accurate tool for predicting the height of P. douglasiana in areas where it is naturally distributed
Reproductive Response of Hair Sheep to Short or Long Duration Estrus Synchronization Protocols
Get PDFObjective: Evaluate the reproductive response of hair ewes treated with estrus synchronization protocols that included a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (CIDR) for a period of 7 or 12 days.
Methodology: During the end of winter, ewes were randomly allotted to one of two estrus synchronization protocols: 1) Short-term protocol (SD), ewes (n=24) received a CIDR on Day 1 and removed on Day 7, and received 400 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and 0.125 mg of cloprostenol; 2) Long-term protocol (LD), ewes (n=24) received a CIDR on Day 1, retired on Day 12 and received 400 IU eCG. Ewes showing estrous behavior were bred with a mature ram.
Results: There were no differences (P>0.05) in the estrus response in both groups of ewes (100 vs 95.8% for SD and LD, respectively), the pregnancy rate (87.5 vs 87.5%), prolificacy (1.95+0.1 vs 2.2+0.1 lambs/ewe), hours between CIDR removing and the beginning of estrus (34.4+8.1 vs 34.8+9.2 h), and estrus duration (39.7+2.9 vs 39.9+4.7 h). At CIDR removal, ewes in the PL group showed a greater diameter (P<0.05) for the largest follicle in both ovaries (5.42+0.3 and 5.42+0.4 mm for the follicle in the left and right ovaries, respectively) vs PC ewes (4.25+0.1 and 4.29+0.1 mm).
Limitations of study: Results observed in the follicle diameter could be due to low circulating progesterone levels in the LP group, which must be confirmed in future studies.
Conclusions: The short protocol for estrus synchronization can be used in hair ewes under temperate conditions, without affecting their reproductive response
Advances in the Characterization of Creole Cattle from Nayarit, Chihuahua, and Baja California Sur.
Get PDFObjective. This manuscript aims to contribute to disseminating the research conducted on creole cattle from Nayarit, Chihuahua, and Baja California, as these regions have been the focus of numerous studies. These studies include identifying the areas of opportunity that need to be addressed for the conservation of this zoogenetic resource present in Mexico.
Description. Cattle farming in Mexico began with the arrival of the first bovines from the Iberian Peninsula to New Spain over 500 years ago. These cattle established itself in various regions of the country, developing specific characteristics that have allowed it to adapt primarily to harsh environmental conditions. As a result, these bovines are considered a productive alternative in various agroecological environments to address the challenges of climate change and mitigate the negative effects on the ecosystem.
Limitations. To date, research on the morphological, productive, and genetic characterization, as well as the production environment of Creole cattle in Mexico, remains limited. Therefore, it is necessary to develop studies in this area to contribute to the conservation of this resource and, above all, to identify mechanisms for its rational use that justify its existence in a modern economic and productive environment.
Conclusions. The documentary review conducted to present the current state of research on creole cattle herds in Nayarit, Chihuahua, and Baja California Sur revealed that the studies have primarily focused on productive aspects in various environments. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage research directed towards other productive areas of cattle, such as reproduction, animal health, and adaptation, in order to develop strategies that contribute to the conservation of this zoogenetic resource
Evaluation of homeopathic treatments for the control of moniliasis (Moniliophthora roreri Samson & Benny), in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Get PDFObjective: evaluate homeopathic in low and high dilutions in the incidence of Moniliophthora roreri in cocoa plants.
Design/methodology/approach: Complete random blocks in plantation, three repetitions and six treatments: Agronosode 12C and 200C, Polypharmaceutical Cocoa 12C and 200C, Water Control and Absolute Control, with applications every 15 days. Variables: number of flowers, number of healthy and diseased chiillos, number of healthy and diseased ears, weight of ripe cob, weight of fresh grain and color of leaves.
Results: number of flowers presented significant difference with Polypharmaceutical Cacao 200C in November-December 2018. The leaf color variable presented a significant difference with Polypharmaceutical Cacao 200C during October 2018-January 2019 and with Polypharmaceutical Cacao 12C in October 2018. No significant difference was found in treatments for number of healthy and diseased chiillos, number of healthy and diseased ears, weight of ripe cob and weight of fresh grain.
Limitations on study/implications: Short period of application of treatments. Applications are suggested for one year prior to the evaluation, to obtain more convincing results.
Findings/conclusions: Polifármaco Cacao 200C had a positive effect on the number of flowers during the period in which flowering decreased due to environmental conditions and on leaf greenness during four consecutive months of evaluation. Polydrug Cocoa 12C showed a significant difference for this last variable only in October 2018. This suggests a better response of the cocoa plant with the low-dose homeopathic and high centesimal potency, in an acute disease such as moniliasis.
Objective: To evaluate low- and high-dilution homeopathic products in the incidence of Moniliophthora roreri in cacao plants. Design/Methodology/Approach: The plantation was studied using a randomized block design with three repetitions and six treatments: Homeopathic nosode 12C and 200C, Cacao homeopathic combination remedy 12C and 200C, water control, and control sample, with applications every 15 days. The studied variables were: Number of flowers, number of healthy and diseased cherelles, number of healthy and diseased pods, ripe pod weight, fresh grain weight, and leaf color.
Results: A significant difference was observed in the number of flowers with Cacao combined remedy 200C during November-December 2018. A significant difference was observed in leaf color with Cacao combined remedy 200C during October 2018-January 2019 and with Cacao combine remedy 12C in October 2018. No significant difference was found in treatments for number of healthy and diseased cherelles, number of healthy and diseased pods, ripe pod weight, and fresh grain weight.
Study limitations/Implications: The treatment application period was short. In order to obtain more convincing results, a one-year application period prior to evaluation is suggested.
Findings/Conclusions: The Cacao combined remedy 200C had a positive effect on the number of flowers during the period in which flowering decreases due to environmental conditions and on leaf greenness during four consecutive months of evaluation. Cacao homeopathic combination remedy 12C showed a significant difference for the latter variable only in October 2018. This suggests that the low-dose homeopathic medication and a high centesimal potency promotes a better response of the cacao plant to an acute disease such as moniliasis
Competitiveness of mexican pecans [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K.Koch] and almonds [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb] in the international market
Get PDFIn Mexico pecan nuts and almonds are two agricultural products that compete in the nut market due to their demand in the food industry and as nutraceutical food. With increasing competition on the international market, it is necessary to know the level of competitivity by means of appropriate indicators. The objective of this research is the measurement and analysis of the competitivity of Mexican pecan nuts and almonds in the international market with respect to the United States, during the period 2012-2021 using the Index of Revealed Comparative Advantage to identify the factors that influence their performance and propose strategies to improve their market position. The results show that the Mexican pecan towards the United States is competitive (0.68 to 0.94) over the years. It is concluded that the Mexican pecan nuts is competitive in the market of the United States of America while the competitivity of the almond is limited and not competitive with respect to the market.Objective: Measurement and analysis of the competitiveness of Mexican pecan nuts (Carya illinoinensis) and almonds (Prunus dulcis) in the international market with respect to the United States, during the period 2012-2021.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The Revealed Comparative Advantage Index was used to identify the factors that influence its performance and propose strategies to improve its market position.
Results: Mexican pecans to the United States are competitive (0.68 to 0.94) over the years. The IVCR of Mexican pecans to the United States remain consistently above zero (0.68 to 0.94) over the years.
Study Limitations/Implications: Information on the trade of Mexican pecan nuts and almonds may be limited, making it difficult to calculate the IVCR.
Findings/Conclusions: Mexican pecan nut shows favorable competitiveness in the U.S. market while almond its competitiveness is limited, it is not competitive with respect to the market
CO2 emissions from solid biofuel consumption in rural communities in Durango, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: In the present work, the amount of emissions expressed in kilotons (Kton year-1) of CO2 due to the consumption of firewood in rural communities of the state of Durango at the municipal level and Forest Management Units (UMAFOR) was calculated.
Design/methodology/approach: The consumption of firewood of each one of the UMAFOR and the 39 municipalities in which the state of Durango is divided was determined. The Greenhouse Inventory Software program was used to determine CO2emissions
Results: The annual balance of CO2 for firewood consumption in Durango was 268.05 Ktons of carbon dioxide. These emissions in relation to the national level represent 1.52% per year. The UMAFOR and the municipalities that are geographically located in the semi-arid zone of the State were the ones with the highest CO2 emissions.
Findings/conclusions: It is necessary to accompany the consumption of firewood with eco-technologies that favor its consumption efficiently and thereby mitigate CO2emissions.Objective: the objective of this study was to calculate the amount, in kilotons per year (kt a-1), of CO2 emissions from firewood consumption in rural communities of Durango in managed areas (UMAFOR– Forest Management Units) and at the municipality scale.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach: the firewood consumption was determined for each of the UMAFOR areas and the 39 municipalities into which the state of Durango is divided. Greenhouse Inventory Software® was used to determine CO2 emissions.
Results: the annual CO2 balance due to firewood consumption in Durango was 268.05 kt of CO2. These emissions in relation to the national scale represent 1.52% per year. Those UMAFOR and the municipalities that are geographically located in the semi-arid zone of the state of Durango were those with the higher CO2 emissions.
Findings/ Conclusions: it is necessary to couple the consumption of firewood with eco-technologies that favor its efficient consumption, thus mitigating CO2 emissions
Impact of Lippia palmeri S. Watson during kid suckling and growth
Get PDFThe goat kids raising is an important part of goat farms, since its development provides replacements for the dairy herd or the sale of meat. Therefore, a growth test of goats kids was carried out and the addition of oregano Lippia palmeri S. Watson and the synchronization of nutrients in the diets of the mothers was evaluated to determine its effect on the growth of their offsprings. Seventheen goats kids were valued which were those born under the 4 diets (treatments) consumed by their mothers, divided in 6 goat kids in (T1, ASYNC with ORE), 5 goat kids in (T2, ASYNC without ORE), 3 goat kids in (T3, SYNC without ORE) and 3 goat kids in (T4, SYNC with ORE), where the variables of weight gain (kg) and daily milk consumption (kg) were measured during 60 days. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found between treatments, showing an average daily weight gain in T1 (ASYNC with ORE= 0.0895±0.018 kg), T2 (ASYNC without ORE= 0.0892±0.026 kg), T3 (SYNC without ORE= 0.0934±0.035 kg) and T4 (SYNC with ORE= 0.118±0.026 kg) and average daily milk consumption in T1 (ASYNC with ORE= 0.509±0.240 kg), T2 (ASYNC without ORE= 0.580±0.205 kg), T3 (SYNC without ORE= 0.553±0.190 kg) and T4 (SYNC with ORE= 0.717±0.202 kg), without having a treatment that significantly outperformed the others, and a significant and positive correlation (r=0.879, p=0.0001) was also shown between the two variables studied.Objective: raising kids is a fundamental activity in goat production, since their development is the source of replacements for the dairy herd or the sale of meat. Therefore, the impact in the kids’ growth of adding Lippia palmeri S. Watson oregano to the goat diet was evaluated.
Materials and methods: a total of 17 kids born from mothers who consumed the four diets (treatments) were evaluated. They were divided as follows: 6 kids in T1 (ASINC with ORE); 5 kids in T2 (ASINC without ORE); 3 kids in T3 (SINC without ORE); and 3 kids in T4 (SINC with ORE). The weight gain (kg) and daily milk consumption (kg) variables were evaluated for 60 days.
Results: no significant differences were found (p>0.05) between treatments, showing an average daily weight gain of 0.0895 ±0.018 kg in T1 (ASINC with ORE), 0.0892 ±0.026 kg in T2 (ASINC without ORE), 0.0934 ±0.035 kg in T3 (SINC without ORE), and 0.118±0.026 kg in T4 (SINC with ORE). Meanwhile, the average daily milk consumption was 0.509 ±0.240 kg in T1 (ASINC with ORE), 0.580±0.205 kg in T2 (ASINC without ORE), 0.553±0.190 kg in T3 (SINC without ORE), and 0.717±0.202 kg in T4 (SINC with ORE).
Conclusions: no treatment was significantly higher than the others. A significant and positive correlation (r=0.879, p=0.0001) was detected between the two variables under study
Assessment of sustainability attributes of traditional and conventional maize cultivation in farmer agricultural systems
Get PDFABSTRACT
Objective: Carry out a comparative analysis of the sustainability of the traditional and conventional management systems of corn cultivation in Cuanacaxtitlán.
Design/methodology/approach: For the implementation of the proposal, a mixed methodological approach (qualitative-quantitative) was applied, with a predominance of qualitative research. The evaluation of the sustainability of the 23 peasant corn production systems in Cuanacaxtitlán was carried out based on the Framework for the Evaluation of Management Systems Incorporating MESMIS Sustainability Indicators.
Results: The level of sustainability between both types of agroecosystems does not differ much. Systems with traditional predominance have greater sustainability in the environmental and economic dimension. Systems where conventional management predominates are more sustainable in the social dimension. Average profitability in traditional systems is better due to the benefits of the milpa.
Limitations on study/implications: The fact that family production units do not own their own land is a limiting factor to improve profitability and sustainability in corn production. For this, it is important to distribute land or promote support programs for landless peasant farmers.
Findings/conclusions: In the 23 systems analyzed, critical values were obtained in two environmental indicators, the use of fertilizers and the use of pesticides. It is important to work on improving the use of these inputs.
Keywords: peasant systems, MESMIS, sustainability and agroecology.Objective: To carry out a comparative analysis of the sustainability of traditional and conventional maize cultivation systems in Cuanacaxtitlán.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The proposal was implemented through a mixed method approach in which a qualitative research predominated. A sustainability assessment for the 23 farmer systems of maize production in Cuanacaxtitlán was carried out, according to the Indicator-Based Sustainability Assessment Framework (Marco para la Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo Incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidad: MESMIS).
Results: The sustainability level between the two types of agroecosystems does not differ much. According to the chosen indicators, TMS is more sustainable in the environmental and economic aspect, while CMS is more sustainable in the social aspect. The average profitability of TMS is better as a result of the milpa profits.
Study Limitations/Implications: Family Production Units (FPUs) do not own their lands, which limits the improvement of profitability and sustainability in maize production. To this end, land distribution or support programs for landless farmers is important.
Findings/Conclusions: Among the 23 systems under analysis, critical values were obtained for two environmental indicators: fertilizer application and pesticide use. Therefore, improving the use of these inputs is an important task