Revista Agro Productividad
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Stenotrophomonas sp. LIMN, Enterobacter sp. LCMG, and Rhizobium sp. WFRFC: A Bacterial Consortium in the Production of Zea mays L. Under Different Agronomic Management Practices.
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the effect of the bacterial consortium Enterobacter sp. LCMG, Rhizobium sp. WFRFC, and Stenotrophomonas sp. LIMN on three different agronomic management practices in maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation, with the question: Does the consortium of bacterial strains have a positive influence on maize production under different cultivation practices in the Ciénega region, Jalisco?
Design/methodology/approach: Treatments evaluated were TM= 100 % traditional management + bacterial consortium (BC), TM+AM= 50 % traditional management + 50 % agroecological management + BC, and AM= 100 % agroecological management + BC. A randomized complete block design was established, and agronomic and yield variables were evaluated.
Results: The MT+MA treatment generated a 6.03 % increase in grain yield; generated a 10.35 % increase in ear height, a 4.87 % decrease in plant height, and a 50 % decrease in the consumption of synthetic products.
Limitations on study/implications: The agronomic management was carried out according to the practices of the region's farmers.
Findings/conclusions: The bacterial consortium Enterobacter sp. LCMG, Rhizobium sp. WFRFC, and Stenotrophomonas sp. LIMN had a positive effect on maize cultivation for grain production, particularly when combined with agronomic management consisting of 50 % traditional management + 50 % agroecological management. The bacterial consortium could be used as a bio-stimulant in maize production in the Ciénega region, Jalisco
Physical-chemical and nutritional parameters of liquid porcine effluent from a biodigester supplemented with a lagoon system.
Get PDFObjetive. Determining the concentration of physical-chemical and nutritional parameters of the wastewater derived from a biodigester complemented with lagoon train.
Metodology. A study was carried out in the CEAJAL livestock production module, 12 gestating sows, fresh solid excreta was collected manually (shovel and wheelbarrow), the lagoon-type biodigester was fed daily with two levels of organic load (CO), CO5% and CO15%. The biogas and wastewater were evaluated in four periods of 40 days each. The Influent washing water (INF) entered the biodigester, then the liquid effluent (EFL) was subjected to complementary treatment of EFL stabilization pits, Pit 2, Pit 3 and Pit 4, determining physical-chemical parameters such as TSS, pH, CTE and COD, and nutritional parameters such as NT and FT. The data were analyzed using descriptive and differential statistics.
Results. The methane content in the biogas was 59.8%; CO5% and 60.2%; CO15% (p>0.05). The physical-chemical parameters of INF such as SST ml/L was 67.4; CO5% and 81.3; CO15%. EFL was 23.2 and 48.0, respectively, in COD ml/L of INF was 738.7; CO5% and 1807.7; CO15%. EFL was 1444.2 and 2522.5, respectively, in NT ml/L of INF was 128.3; CO5% and 111.9; CO15%. EFL was 436.9 and 554.6, respectively.
Conclusions. Despite a lower CO, methane production is in the normal range and the physical-chemical and nutritional parameters of the wastewater as it passes into stabilization lagoons can be taken as a reference to determine the CO that should enter to the biodigester with the purpose of providing complementary treatment of the wastewater generated in pig farms
Time to flowering of ornamental orchids
Get PDFObjective: To analyze features of time to flowering of orchids and some strategies for its control in cultivation for ornamental purposes.
Design/methodology/approach: Information from various authors and our own data is shown, in relation to the management of flowering time of ornamental orchids, based on treatments of environmental effects, plant growth regulators (PGRs) and nutrition.
Findings/conclusions: It is possible to reduce the flowering time of orchids by environmental modifications, mainly temperature and photoperiod. This can also be achieved by nutritional management, mainly macro-nutritional, and through organic nutrition and PGRs. However, much more information is needed, especially for native orchid species with ornamental potential. 
The Application and advancement of crop simulation models in sugarcane cultivation
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Objective: Describe the approach of agricultural simulation models and their potential application in sugarcane in some regions in Mexico.
Methodology: A review and classification of scientific articles indexed in the main databases such as SCOPUS, ELSEVIER, related to agricultural and sugarcane simulation models was carried out.
Results: A set of scientific articles in relation to the topic of agricultural simulation models for sugarcane was analyzed. Subsequently, a description of the approach and application of the models for this crop and its potential use in some regions of Mexico was developed.
Limitations on study: There are few literature related to the application of agricultural simulation models for sugarcane in Mexico in recent years.
Conclusions: Crop simulation models are recognized, and widely used, as an indispensable tool in agricultural research. Also, it is important to consider that many of the models use climate information to simulate better results; therefore, true and reliable climate information is necessary to obtain reliable and useful results that can be applied to the relevant agricultural areas.
Keywords: agricultural simulation models, sugarcane, yield, APSIM, DSSAT.Objective: This study aims to describe the approach of agricultural simulation models and their potentialapplication in sugarcane crops in various regions of Mexico.Methodology: A comprehensive review and classification of scientific articles indexed in major databases, suchas SCOPUS or ELSEVIER, was conducted. The focus was on articles related to agricultural and sugarcanesimulation models.Results: A collection of scientific articles concerning agricultural simulation models for sugarcane crops wasanalyzed. A detailed description of the models’ approaches and application for this crop, along with theirpotential use in certain regions of Mexico was developed.Study Limitations: The literature of the application of agricultural simulation models for sugarcane inMexico in recent years is limited.Conclusions: Crop simulation models are recognized and widely used as indispensable tools in agriculturalresearch. It is crucial to note that many of the models rely on climate information to produce accurate results.Therefore, obtaining reliable and accurate data is essential to achieve trustworthy and useful results applicableto the relevant agricultural areas
Physiological diversity in native Mexican tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Get PDFObjective: Evaluate biodiversity in photosynthetic attributes and postharvest fruit quality of eight native tomato varieties vs. two commercial hybrids.
Design/methodology/approach: A randomized complete block experimental design with four replicates and four plants per plot was used to allocate treatments. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS 9.4 using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparison of means by Tukey (p ≤ 0.05).
Results: Varietal diversity in transpiration rate (E) was detected, but not in net photosynthesis rate (A) nor in water use efficiency (WUE). Native var. Oax-131 outstands because of its high photosynthetic parameters: Amax, saturation point, and a carboxylation efficiency similar to the El Cid® hybrid. On fruit weight losses after harvest five native varieties losses were less than 7 %, the conventional limit, and on fruit firmness var. Oax-131 was similar to the hybrids during the first 6 days.
Limitations on study/implications: The small sample of eight native varieties for measuring gas exchange rates and photosynthetic parameters..
Findings/conclusions:
The native variety Oax-131 outstand in photosynthetic characteristics and postharvest quality which equal to or better than the commercial hybrids.
Key words: Solanum lycopersicum, native varieties, photosynthetic parameters, postharvest quality of the fruit.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the biodiversity in postharvest fruit quality and photosynthetic attributes of eight native tomato varieties compared to two commercial hybrids.Design/Methodology/Approach: A randomized complete block design with four replicates and four plants per plot was used to allocate treatments. Statistical analysis was conducted with SAS 9.4 using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mean comparison of by Tukey (p≤0.05).Results: Varietal diversity in transpiration rate (E) was detected, but not in net photosynthetic rate (A) nor in water use efficiency (WUE). The Oax-131 variety stood out for its high photosynthetic parameters, such as Amax, for its saturation point, and for having carboxylation efficiency similar to the El Cid® hybrid. In terms of fruit weight loss postharvest, five native varieties had losses below the conventional limit of 7%, while the Oax-131 variety-maintained firmness similar to the hybrids during the first 6 days.Study Limitations/Implications: The study was limited to eight native varieties and the diversity measuredin gas exchange rates and photosynthetic parameters may not represent all native varieties.Findings/Conclusions: The native Oax-131 variety excelled in photosynthetic traits and postharvest quality, demonstrating equal or superior performance compared to commercial hybrids
Production and commercialization of flowers in the municipality of Texcoco, Estado de México
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Objective: To characterize the production and commercialization of flowers in the municipality of Texcoco, State of Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: Seventy-eight flower growers from 11 different localities were interviewed and asked about the general characteristics of their production unit and their level of innovation. Based on these variables, a typology of flower growers was constructed.
Results: Four groups of flower growers were found, which are statistically differentiated (P<10) by their level of infrastructure, their level of innovation, the number of family members working in the production unit and the number of clients they have, in addition to the gender of the growers.
Limitations on study/implications: The type of sampling used does not allow us to generalize the results found. In addition, due to the diversity of flowers produced in the area, it is difficult to homogenize the innovations used to measure their level of innovation, so what is presented here is an approach to it.
Findings/conclusions: The production and commercialization of flowers in the municipality of Texcoco is carried out by traditional flower growers. The groups identified have mainly production-oriented infrastructure, so the highest level of innovation is in technological innovations, with commercial and organizational innovations as an area of opportunity.
Keywords: cluster, local floriculture production, floriculture market, technological innovation.Objective: To characterize the production and commercialization of flowers in the municipality of Texcoco, Estado de México.Design/methodology/approach: A total of n=78 floriculturists from 11 different localities were interviewed and asked about general characteristics of the production unit, and for each person their level of innovation was also identified with the aim of constructing a typology of floriculturists.Results: Four groups of floriculturists were found, which were differentiated (P<0.10) by their level of infrastructure, innovation, number of family members that work in the production unit and number of clients which they have, in addition to gender.Limitations on study/implications: The type of sample used does not allow generalizing the results found. In addition, due to the diversity of flowers that are produced in the zone, it is difficult to homogenize the innovations and level of innovation, so an approach is presented.Findings/conclusions: The production and commercialization of flowers in the municipality of Texcoco is carried out by traditional floriculturists. The groups identified mainly have infrastructure directed toward production, so the highest levels of innovation are found in technology, with the opportunity area of commercial and organizational innovations
Scientific research on crustacean farming in Mexico: a scientometric scenario
Get PDFObjective: The objective of this article is to evaluate the research effort developed by Mexican scientists in relation to the study of native and exotic crustacean species, based on articles hosted in Scopus.
Design/methodology/approach: Species were selected based on documentary research and personal communication with researchers related to the subject. All scientific articles published between 1993 and 2023 related to culture, which included the species name in the title, abstract and keywords, were selected from the Scopus® database. The number of publications, publication timelines, topics addressed, institutions, sponsors and type of access were obtained.
Results: The search yielded a total of 1,240 articles published by Mexican institutions, penaeid shrimps representing 85% of the total, and P. vannamei represents almost 75%. In general, UNAM and CIBNOR lead scientific production followed by the IPN and the CIAD. The most common topic areas include nutrition, aquaculture, morphophysiology and genetics. The main source of financing is CONAHCYT and 46% of the publications are available in open access.
Limitations on study/implications:The study is restricted to the Scopus database, recognized for including the largest number of journals worldwide, although the omission of other data-bases could cause bias in the results. However, we consider that this limitation will not significantly affect the identified trends.
Findings/conclusions: Research has predominantly focused on the marine shrimp P. vannamei, reflecting significant technological development in its culture, while other species such as C. quadricarinatus and the genus Macrobrachium have received limited attention. It is crucial to encourage research and technological development in native and alternative species, secure funding and institutional support, promote equitable access policies, and improve regulation for sustainable practices.Objective: The objective of this article is to evaluate the research effort developed by Mexican scientists inrelation to the study of native and exotic crustacean species, based on articles hosted in Scopus.Design/methodology/approach: Species were selected based on documentary research and personalcommunication with researchers related to the subject. All scientific articles published between 1993 and 2023related to culture, which included the species name in the title, abstract and keywords, were selected from theScopus® database. The number of publications, publication timelines, topics addressed, institutions, sponsorsand type of access were obtained.Results: The search yielded a total of 1,240 articles published by Mexican institutions, penaeid shrimpsrepresenting 85% of the total, and P. vannamei represents almost 75%. In general, UNAM and CIBNOR leadscientific production followed by the IPN and the CIAD. The most common topic areas include nutrition,aquaculture, morphophysiology and genetics. The main source of financing is CONAHCYT and 46% of thepublications are available in open access.Limitations on study/implications: The study is restricted to the Scopus database, recognized for includingthe largest number of journals worldwide, although the omission of other data-bases could cause bias in theresults. However, we consider that this limitation will not significantly affect the identified trends.Findings/conclusions: Research has predominantly focused on the marine shrimp P. vannamei, reflectingsignificant technological development in its culture, while other species such as C. quadricarinatus and thegenus Macrobrachium have received limited attention. It is crucial to encourage research and technologicaldevelopment in native and alternative species, secure funding and institutional support, promote equitableaccess policies, and improve regulation for sustainable practice
Agrobiodiversity and food security: challenges and sustainable solutions
Get PDFObjective: Agricultural biodiversity, also known as agrobiodiversity, encompasses the variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms that are directly or indirectly involved in agriculture. This diversity is the result of millennia of selection, management, and domestication of species, which has allowed societies to adapt to different environmental and cultural conditions. However, in recent decades, the loss of agrobiodiversity, accelerated by industrial agriculture, the expansion of monocultures, and the reduction of varieties, has put global food security at risk. This diversity is crucial to ensuring the resilience of agricultural systems in the face of challenges such as climate change, emerging pests, and the depletion of natural resources. This paper examines the importance of conserving agricultural biodiversity from the perspective of food security. It emphasizes how agrobiodiversity not only contributes to the stability of food production but also improves human diets by diversifying crops and providing essential micronutrients. Design/Methodology/Approach: A search was conducted on the following scientific information platforms: Web of Science database and Google Scholar. A systematic search for publications related to agrobiodiversity systems was carried out in the WoS database and Google Scholar over the last 49 years (1975–2024). Results: Genetic erosion is particularly concerning because genetic diversity is essential for crops to face environmental challenges such as climate change, pests, and diseases. The loss of traditional varieties, which are selected by local farmers to adapt to specific conditions, increases agriculture's vulnerability to external disruptions. These landraces, having been cultivated in genetically diverse mosaics, offer protection against catastrophic losses in the event of crop failures due to extreme conditions or diseases. Findings/Conclusions: Genetic diversity allows for the development of sustainable solutions to pests and diseases, reducing dependence on pesticides and promoting more environmentally friendly farming practices. However, challenges related to biodiversity conservation persist, making it essential to implement public policies that promote agrobiodiversity and address the socioeconomic issues that limit its adoption
Profitability of biogas production as a source of energy for tequila distilleries from the anaerobic treatment of tequila vinasses
Get PDFObjective: To analyze the financial profitability of biogas production from tequila vinasse in an anaerobic packed-bed (AP) plant for the use of biogas as a substitute fuel for heavy fuel (fuel oil) in boilers of the tequila industry.
Design/methodology/approach: First, financial information was collected for biogas production. Next, a traditional approach was utilized to evaluate investment projects for two reactor volumes, 7 m3 and 10 m3. Finally, profitability was determined by the following financial indicators: Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR).
Results: The study results indicate that biogas production is cost-effective from a reactor volume of 7 m3 and is more favorable when scaling up the process to 10 m3. These results were obtained for a volume of 7 m3 and 10 m3 at an update rate of 12% (NPV 5 062 685.22), (BCR 1.21), (IRR 14% and 26%), respectively.
Study limitations /implications: The results are based on values achieved in a laboratory-scale AP plant with a capacity of 445 L, assuming that the yield and removal values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) are not modified by scaling the process to 7 m3 and 10 m3.
Findings/conclusions: The findings demonstrate that using tequila vinasse to generate renewable energy for self-consumption in an AP anaerobic plant is profitable.Objective: To analyze the profitability of biogas production from tequila vinasses in an anaerobic packed bed reactor (PBR) plant to use biogas as substitute of heavy fuel (fuel oil) in boilers of the tequila industry.Design/methodology/approach: Financial information for biogas production was gathered; the methodology with the approach of investment project evaluation was used for two reactor volumes, 7 m3 and 10 m3, and the profitability was determined through the following financial indicators: Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C R).Results: Biogas production is profitable starting from a reactor’s volume of 7 m3 and it is more favorable when the process is scaled to 10 m3. It was obtained for a volume of 7 m3 and 10 m3 at an updating rate of 12% (NPV 5 062 685.22), (B/C R 1.21), (IRR 14% and 26%).Limitations on study/implications: The results are based on values reached in a PBR plant at laboratory scale with a capacity of 445 L, assuming that the values of yield and removal of the chemical demand for oxygen (CDO) are not modified when scaling the process to 7 m3 and 10 m3.Findings/conclusions: Analysis of the results showed that the use of tequila vinasses to generate renewableenergy for auto-consumption in an anaerobic PBR plant is profitable
Relationship of season with milk characteristics, yield, and shelf life of cheese in a hot climate
Get PDFThe objective of the study was to determine if there is a relationship between environmental conditions on cheese yield and shelf-life of pasta filata cheese (Oaxaca) made in a production unit in the Valle de Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. In this geographical zone, there is a desert climate with extreme temperatures that are delimited in two seasons of the year, cold with a temperature and humidity index (THI) lower than 77 and hot. To assess whether there is a relationship, environmental data (temperature and relative humidity), characteristics of the milk used at the time of reception (temperature, acidity, density, cheese yield, somatic cell count and microorganism count) were recorded for eleven months. and the shelf life of Oaxaca-type pasta filata cheese. The variables recorded were evaluated by analysis of variance (α=0.05), the difference between means with Tukey's test (p<0.05) and the relationship of the season of the year using Pearson's correlation. Significant differences were observed in density, acidity, temperature, somatic cell count of milk and cheese yield. In addition, a decrease of approximately 11% in cheese yield was recorded as the maximum ITH exceeded 77 units. For its part, the useful life did not present differences due to the ITH, but due to the pasteurization of the milk. Therefore, it is concluded that there is a negative relationship in the yield of milk for the production of Oaxaca cheese, during the warm season. What emphasizes the mitigation of heat stress of dairy cattle during that time.E
Objective: the objective of the study was to identify whether there is a relationship between the environmental conditions of high temperature and humidity with the parameters of cheese yield and shelf life of Oaxaca-type cheese, made throughout two different times of the year, delimited by environmental temperature, in the Mexicali Valley, Baja California, Mexico.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach: from January to November, ambient temperature and relative humidity, characteristics of the milk used at the time of reception (temperature, acidity, density, somatic cell count and microorganism count), yield, and shelf life of the cheese were recorded. These variables were related to season (summer and winter) and to different Temperature and Humidity Index– THI intervals. An analysis of variance was performed, also, the relationship among sets of variables by Pearson correlation, and the multiple mean difference with the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05).
Results: significant differences were observed in the density, acidity, temperature, somatic cell count and cheese yield of milk due to the effect of the time of year. In addition, an 11% decrease in cheese yield was found as the maximum THI exceeded 77 units. The shelf life showed positive significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) when milk was pasteurized, but it was not affected by the THI.
Limitations/ Implications of the study: this study was limited to a single period of analysis; so, it is necessary to monitor, and include additional milk quality variables.
Conclusions: heat environmental conditions negatively impact the characteristics of the milk, therefore reducing the yield of Oaxaca-type cheese. The microbiological characteristics are unfavorable during the hot season; the pasteurization of milk is the main factor that increases the shelf life of the cheese