Revista Agro Productividad
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Methods to improve the fraction of nondegradable protein in the rumen: A review
Get PDFObjective: To investigate methods to reduce dietary protein degradability at the ruminal level and to analyze their effects on ruminal fermentation based on the analysis of available literature.Design/methodology/approach: The protection of dietary protein leads to a lower degradation at the ruminal level and an increase in the supply and utilization of amino acids.Limitations of the study/implications: The efficacy of the processing method depends on the ingredients used in the diet.Conclusions: The use of physical, chemical, or combination treatments is justified on raw materials with high protein value and degradability; these efficiently protect the protein from ruminal degradation and provide a better supply to the small intestine
Shrimp aquaculture, absorption capacity and competitiveness: an analysis based on the case of Ahome, Mexico
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Objective: To present empirical evidence of the effect that knowledge Absorptive Capacity (AC) and its dimensions have on the competitiveness of the shrimp farming companies
Design/methodology/approach: It is performed a multiple linear regression analysis to determine the degree of influence of the independent variables (AC dimensions) on the dependent variable (farm competitiveness).
Results: The results show that there is a positive effect between the dimensions of AC and competitive performance, with the knowledge transformation dimension having the strongest effect
Limitations on study/implications: Due to time and resource limitations, the study is based on a survey applied to a small number of aquaculture enterprises in the municipality of Ahome, México, so they could be specifics to both the activity and the region.
Findings/conclusions: Studies like the present one represent a shift in exposing the importance of conceiving AC as a complex and multidimensional construct, contemplating the processes of acquisition, assimilation, transformation and exploitation of knowledgeR
Objective: to present empirical evidence of the effect that the Knowledge Absorption Capacity (AC) and its dimensions have on the competitiveness of shrimp farming companies.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach: a multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the degree of influence of the independent variables (AC dimensions) on the dependent variable (competitiveness).
Results: There was a positive effect between AC dimensions and competitive performance. The capacity for transformation of knowledge was the strongest effect.
Study limitations/ Implications: due to time and resource constraints, this study was based on a survey limited to a small number of businesses in the municipality of Ahome (Sinaloa), Mexico. Therefore, these results could be specific to the activity evaluated and to that region.
Findings/ Conclusions: studies such as this represent a turning point in exposing the importance of conceiving AC as a complex and multidimensional construct that contemplates the processes of acquisition, assimilation, transformation and exploitation of knowledge
Harvest age of Urochloa hybrids regarding yield, chemical composition, and in vitro biogas production
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the chemical composition, fermentation, and in vitro biogas production of the Cayman and Cobra cultivars, at different cutting ages.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HEM), and cellulose (CEL) were determined at 28, 35, 42, and 49 cutting days. In vitro dry matter degradation (IVDMD), pH, and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) were determined during fermentation. The biogas volume was estimated at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours; the volume of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Cobra and Cayman forages was determined at 72 hours. A completely randomized design was used for the experiment.
Results: There were no differences (P>0.05) in DM production during the different cutting ages. CP was higher (P<0.05) in both cultivars, at 28 and 35 days after the cutting. The NDF, ADF, HEM, and CEL percentages were different in both cultivars. IVDMD was higher (P<0.05) between day 28 and day 42. Finally, CH4 production was lower (P<0.05) at 28 and 35 days after the cutting.
Study Limitations/Implications: The chemical composition of pastures is influenced by climate and, therefore, further analysis must be carried out during different periods or seasons of the year.
Findings/Conclusions: The optimal cutting age of the Cobra and Cayman cultivars under drought conditions is between day 28 and day 35 of regrowth. During that period, they have the best chemical and fermentation characteristics
Growth and yield models for black beans under magnetization and pH variation in a greenhouse
Get PDFObjective: To estimate growth and yield variations in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) treated with a magnetized nutrient solution considering two factors: magnet exposure time and pH level. The significance of this crop lies in its nutritional and economic value.
Design/Methodology/Approach: We used a hydroponic system with magnetized Steiner nutrient solution. The design was completely randomized, with a 4 x 6 factorial treatment arrangement and three replications. Factor A comprised exposure times (0.333 hours, 2 hours, chronic, and without magnetization), while Factor B covered solutions with different pH levels (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8). We then applied a multiple regression analysis using the SAS software.
Results: Models for vegetative growth variables (plant height, root length, root dry weight, and foliar biomass) and seed yield components (number of pods, number of grains per pod) were statistically significant (p<0.0001). Coefficients of determination ranged from 59.7 % to 82 %, percentages considered appropriate to explain the observed variability.
Study limitations/Implications: While the models showed acceptable coefficients of determination, it is essential to consider other factors that were not assessed in this study: exposure to sunlight, insect influence, and diseases that could impact the responses of the bean crop.
Findings/Conclusions: Appropriate models to describe vegetative growth and seed yield of the common bean, concerning magnetization time and nutrient solution acidity, include variables such as plant height, root length, root dry weight, foliar biomass, total biomass, number of pods, and number of grains per pod
Blood disorders caused by hypophosphatemia in dairy cows
No full textObjective: To describe the main blood disorders caused by hypophosphatemia (low level of phosphorous (P) in the blood) in dairy cows.
Design/methodology/approach: An analysis of published research on blood disorders caused by hypophosphatemia in dairy cows was performed.
Results: In addition to decreasing milk production and causing various reproductive and metabolic disorders, hypophosphatemia can cause alterations in blood cells, mainly erythrocytes, due to the decrease in P to generate ATP and alterations in the cell membrane phospholipids.
Study limitations/implications: There are few studies that describe how P affects different blood cells or their components.
Findings/conclusions: Hypophosphatemia has been associated with structural and functional alterations in blood cells.O
Objective: To describe the main blood disorders caused by hypophosphatemia (low P level in the blood) in dairy cows.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Publications about blood disorders caused by hypophosphatemia in dairy cows were analyzed.
Results: In addition to a decrease in milk production and several reproductive and metabolic disorders, hypophosphatemia can cause alterations in blood cells, mainly in erythrocytes, as a consequence of the decrease of the phosphorus (P) needed to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the alterations of the cell membrane phospholipids.
Study Limitations/Implications: Few studies have described how P affects different blood cells or their components.
Findings/Conclusions: Hypophosphatemia has been associated with structural and functional alterations in blood cells
Characterization of production units of cured foods in the Isthmus Region, Oaxaca, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: Characterize the family production units (UPF) that produce and market cured foods in the Isthmus region.
Design/methodology/approach: The approach was descriptive and correlational. The methodology was proposed by Chayanov (1925), which proposes the evaluation of six factors. A survey was applied and 75 variables were evaluated, Spearman's correlation test, chi-square, and contingency tables were generated, with the most significant variables.
Results: The higher the level of studies of the head of the family, the greater the number of members, and the more participation of women in decision-making. The production of cured foods is a tradition inherited from one generation to another, 73% learned the activity from a family member. The workforce is family-based, in 95% of the UPF only family members are involved.
Limitations on study/implications: The vastness of the region makes it difficult to cover other municipalities and insecurity makes it difficult to obtain information.
Findings/conclusions: The family structure at UPF is nuclear. The woman directs the elaboration of cured foods, which is why it is considered that she plays an important role in conserving artisanal production.Objective: To characterize the family production units (FPUs) that produce and market cured foods in the Isthmus Region.
Design/methodology/approach: The approach was descriptive and correlational. The methodology used was proposed by Chayanov (1925), which proposes the assessment of six factors. A survey was applied and 75 variables were evaluated, Spearman’s correlation and chi-square test were carried out, and contingency tables were generated with the most significant variables.
Results: With a higher the level of studies of the head of the family, the number of members was greater and women participated more in decision-making. The production of cured foods is a tradition inherited from one generation to another, and 73% learned the activity from a family member. The workforce is family-based and only family members are involved in 95% of the FPUs.
Limitations on study/implications: The vastness of the region makes it difficult to cover other municipalities and insecurity makes it difficult to obtain information.
Findings/conclusions: The family structure at the FPUs is nuclear. The woman directs the elaboration of cured foods, so it is considered that she plays an important role in conserving artisanal production
Root density and accumulation of Myrobalan plum tree grafted with Methley Japanese plum
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Objective: to determine the root phenology of Myrobalan plum tree grafted with Methley Japanese plum. Materials and methods: a quota sampling was used to select five trees from the experimental orchard. Within the volume of soil adjacent to tree´s roots, 330 cm3 of soil were sampled and collected each month, in order to identify root type, quantify their fresh and dry weight, and carry out statistical analyses. Results:The highest densities of growing and absorbing roots were observed at 0-25 cm soil depth during the phenological cycle. A higher density of intermediate and conducting roots was recorded at 25-50 cm soil depth, just at the beginning of the ecodormancy. Conclusions: the highest root accumulation was recorded when moisture and soil temperature were not optimal but the cultivar did not record a significant vegetative and reproductive growth
Evaluation of orange peel (Citrus sinensis) bioplastic through morphological and thermo-mechanical characteristics
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the morphological and thermo-mechanical properties of a biofilm obtained from orange peel.
Design/methodology/approach: Pectin, a polysaccharide obtained from orange peel, has the potential to be used as a raw material in the bioplastics industry. The samples obtained were characterized by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique, mechanical tension and by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Results: The elastic modulus was in the range of 7.7 to 29.9 MPa, depending on the plasticizer content. The thermogravimetric analysis showed a thermal decomposition between 134.42 to 153.98 °C depending on the plasticizer content and up to five events were identified.
Limitations of the study/implications: During the process, a pectin yield of 75% of orange peel was obtained.
Findings/conclusions: In developing countries such as Mexico, waste originating from agricultural and agro-industrial activities represents an important source of natural carbohydrate polymers that can be used to produce bioplastics, intended to replace petroleum-derived materials. In the case of orange peel, it can become a potential raw material to obtain value-added products in sectors of the food industry. These results indicated that our pectin has suitable properties to be used as raw material for the manufacture of bioplastics.Objective: To evaluate the morphological and thermo-mechanical properties of a biofilm obtained from orange peel.
Design/methodology/approach: Pectin, a polysaccharide obtained from orange peel, has the potential to be used as a raw material in the bioplastics industry. The samples obtained were characterized by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique, mechanical tension and by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Results: The elastic modulus was in the range of 7.7 to 29.9 MPa, depending on the plasticizer content. The thermogravimetric analysis showed a thermal decomposition between 134.42 to 153.98 °C depending on the plasticizer content and up to five events were identified.
Limitations of the study/implications: During the process, a pectin yield of 75% of orange peel was obtained.
Findings/conclusions: In developing countries such as Mexico, waste originating from agricultural and agro-industrial activities represents an important source of natural carbohydrate polymers that can be used to produce bioplastics, intended to replace petroleum-derived materials. In the case of orange peel, it can become a potential raw material to obtain value-added products in sectors of the food industry. These results indicated that our pectin has suitable properties to be used as raw material for the manufacture of bioplastic
Distribution of minerals in the organs of green pea and snap bean plants that could be used in Industry 4.0
Get PDFObjective: Know the composition of minerals, essential trace elements and toxic trace elements of the organs of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants for their possible use in industry 4.0.
Design/methodology/approach: The concentration of mineral elements was determined through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the relationship of the amount of minerals with the flours of the different organs (root, stem, leaves and fruits of peas (P. sativum L.) and green beans (P. vulgaris).
Results: The leaves represent an important fraction of the dry matter (30-40%) in the plants evaluated and are rich in minerals (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium), essential trace elements (manganese, iron, selenium, zinc) , toxic trace elements (aluminum, strontium, boron, tin, ba-rium) and rare earth elements (cerium, yttrium, lanthanum and neodymium).
Limitations on study/implications: The production condition of the crops is unknown, on which the content of mineral elements largely depends.
Findings/conclusions: The organs of pea and snap bean plants represent an alternative as raw material in the production of foods and biomaterials enriched with minerals, essential trace elements, toxic trace elements and rare earth elements, since these accumulate and biocontain -focus on these organs and these plants can be used as indicators or as phytoextractors to be selected as inputs in industry 4.0 processes
Applications of nanoparticles in veterinary science: A promising technology for animal health
No full textObjective: Review and describe the importance of nanoparticles in veterinary science to improve the health and welfare of animals.
Approach: The use of nanoparticles in veterinary sciences aims to utilize the unique properties of these structures at the nanometer level to solve medical and therapeutic problems in veterinary medicine.
Study limitations/implications: Although nanoparticles have great potential in veterinary medicine, they also have certain limitations that must be considered in their application. We can highlight bioavailability, distribution, toxicity, immunological interactions, and costs among these.
Conclusions: The field of veterinary medicine is constantly evolving, which is why nanoparticles have become cutting-edge tools with transformative potential. Their application in diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases offers a way to improve animal health and welfare. The continued search for solid research and solutions to overcome limitations will allow the full potential of these technologies to be realized.
Keywords: nanoparticles, veterinary sciences, animal health.Objective: To revise and describe the importance of nanoparticles in veterinary sciences to improve the health and welfare of animals.
Design/methodology/approach: The use of nanoparticles in veterinary sciences has the aim of using the unique properties of these structures at the nanometer level in order to solve medical and therapeutic problems in the field of veterinary medicine.
Limitations on study/implications: Although the nanoparticles have great potential in veterinary medicine, they also have certain limitations that must be considered in their application, among which the following stand out: bioavailability, distribution, toxicity, immunologic interactions, and costs.
Conclusions: The field of veterinary medicine is in constant evolution, which is why nanoparticles have become a cutting-age tool with transforming potential. Their application in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases offers ways to improve animal health and welfare. The continuous search for solid research and solutions to overcome the limitations will allow taking advantage of all the potential of these technologies