Revista Agro Productividad
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Some factors affecting the reproductive capacity of hair rams in the American Tropics: Reproductive characterization of hair rams
No full textreproductive capacity of hair rams in the American Tropics.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach: Scientific databases as Web of Science, PubmEd, Scopus, Redalyc, Scholar Google, Dialnet, SciELO and Latindex containing scientific information were reviewed and analyzed to describe nutrition, libido and semen characteristics in hair rams.
Results: nutrition has been reported to affect sperm production, libido, testosterone, and testicular development. Rams start puberty at varying age, therefore with different weight, scrotal circumference, and semen characteristics. In regard to breed, scrotal circumference and semen characteristics are very diverse. Regarding age, semen quality is lower in young rams than in adults. According to the season, there were better semen characteristics in dry seasons in Mexico and in Brazil in the humid season.
Study limitations/ Implications: information on nutrition, libido, semen characteristics, and scrotal circumference of hair ram breeds is poorly known or non-existent.
Findings/ Conclusions: the onset of puberty in hair rams is highly variable. The Blackbelly and Santa Inés rams had the best semen characteristics. Young rams have inferior semen quality. In Mexico, rams have better semen characteristics in the dry season, while in Brazil this occurs in the humid season
Topic modeling analysis of Community Savings Groups: evidence from the combined literature
Get PDFObjective: To identify topics of study related to Community Savings Groups (CSGs) from the literature available.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Some phases of natural language processing were implemented. The data were obtained from scientific databases and gray literature. The analysis included 228 abstracts of papers, theses, working papers, and reports. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation model was used to identify the topics.
Results: Six topics have been the focus of the discussion about the existence and impact of CSGs in the last two decades.
Study Limitations/Implications: Texts without abstracts in English were excluded.
Findings/Conclusions: The topics found deal with various aspects on which CSGs have had an impact, such as health, empowerment, primary sector, violence, and other aspects related to existence. Additional evidence is required to consider CSGs as an effective and sustainable mechanism that facilitates well-being
Efficacy of chemical fungicides against the anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Carica papaya fruits
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate severity, effectiveness, and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of chemical four fungicides (A+F=azoxystrobin + fludioxinil, C+F=cypronil + fludioxinil, B+P=boscalid + pyraclostrobin and T=tiabendazole) at 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in papaya. At 12 days after inoculation (dai) A+F achieved a range of effectiveness between 63.0 (250 ppm) to 77.52 (1000 ppm); while the range of effectiveness for T was 12.8% (250 ppm) to 74% (1000 ppm). Both fungicides achieved the highest effectiveness at 1000 ppm that C+F (38.5%) and B+P (55.6%). The AUDPC achieved the same value at the four studied concentration in A+F, C+F, and B+P. Only 750 and 1000 ppm of T achieved the lowest AUDPC than 250 and 500 ppm. In conclusion, A+F and T achieved adequate control of anthracnose in papaya fruits.Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of chemical fungicides against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in papaya fruits.
Design/methodology/approach: The effect of four chemical fungicides (A+F=azoxystrobin + fludioxinil, C+F=cypronil + fludioxinil, B+P=boscalid + pyraclostrobin and T=tiabendazole) at 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg kg-1 were assessed on severity and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides inoculated on papaya fruits.
Results: At 12 days after inoculation (dai) A+F achieved a range of effectiveness between 63.0 (250 mg kg-1) to 77.52 (1000 mg kg-1); while the range of effectiveness for T was 12.8% (250 mg kg-1) to 74% (1000 mg kg-1). Both fungicides achieved the highest effectiveness at 1000 mg kg-1 that C+F (38.5%) and B+P (55.6%). The AUDPC achieved the same value at the four studied concentration in A+F, C+F, and B+P. Only 750 and 1000 mg kg-1 of T achieved the lowest AUDPC than 250 and 500 mg kg-1.
Findings/conclusions: The fungicides A+F and T achieved adequate control of anthracnose in papaya fruits and the use of the diagrammatic logarithmic scale is easy to use to give a quick estimate of the disease, as well as being easy to reproduce
Agrochemicals and crop productivity losses: Agroquímicos
No full textObjective: The aim of this research is to reflect briefly on the importance of the use of agrochemicals in the productivity of some crops according to their contribution to yield, and some implications of their agricultural consumption.
Design/methodology/approach: Based on related literature and some experiences in the field on the use and consumption of pesticides.
Results: Pesticides are synthetic, microbial or derived organic compounds used in plant growth programs to prevent or control pests, diseases, and weeds. Also, mineral nutrition (with macro and micronutrients) is considered as agrochemicals. However, the effects on the contamination of soils, groundwater, lakes, seas and oceans due to its use is increasing. Mexico is a large consumer of fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers and herbicides for agricultural uses.
Limitations on study/implications: Unmeasured use of any type of pesticide can produce tons of pesticide-trash. Some traces of active or inert ingredients can be detected in bodies of water.
Findings/conclusions: The constant risk of agronomic yield losses can be substantial without the use of agrochemicals. Without the application of pesticides, yield losses can reach 100%.Objective: to reflect briefly on the importance of the use of agrochemicals in the productivity of some crops according to their contribution to yield, and some implications of their agricultural consumption.
Design/methodology/approach: based on related literature and some experiences in the field on the use and consumption of pesticides.
Results: pesticides are synthetic, microbial, or derived organic compounds used in plant growth programs to prevent or control pests, diseases, and weeds. Also, mineral nutrition (with macro and micronutrients) is considered as agrochemicals. However, the effects on the contamination of soils, groundwater, lakes, seas, and oceans due to its use is increasing. Mexico is a large consumer of fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, and herbicides for agricultural uses.
Limitations on study/implications: unmeasured use of any type of pesticide can produce tons of pesticide-trash. Some traces of active or inert ingredients can be detected in bodies of water.
Findings/conclusions: the constant risk of agronomic yield losses can be substantial without the use of agrochemicals. Without the application of pesticides, yield losses can reach 100%
Geographic distribution prediction of an invading species in Mexico: the case of the monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus): Distribution of the Argentine parrot in Mexico
No full textObjective: Determine the potential distribution of the monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) in Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: We generated the model with confirmed presences of the species, the MaxEnt algorithm, layers of bioclimatic and elevation information. The evaluation, calibration and selection were carried out with the kuenm package in R. Finally, we projected the model to the geographic space of Mexico.
Results: The model estimated the most favorable areas for the species in Mexico based on the similarity of the climatic conditions and elevation of the sites with its natural distribution. The most favorable sites for the species are distributed especially in the central–southern portions of the country. Variables influencing its distribution are derived from temperature, precipitation, and elevation.
Limitations on study/implications: The model can contribute to the planning of management and monitoring strategies that mitigate the invasion of this species.
Findings/conclusions: The areas of Mexico where the risk of invasion of the Argentine parrot is high were identified.Objective: To determine the potential distribution of the monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) in Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach: The study generated the model with confirmed presences of the species, the MaxEnt algorithm, and bioclimatic and elevation information. The evaluation, calibration and selection were carried out with the kuenm package in R. The model generated was projected to the geographic space of Mexico.
Results: The model estimated the most favorable areas for the species in Mexico, based on the similarity of the climate and elevation conditions of the sites with its natural distribution. The most favorable sites for the species are distributed in the central–southern regions of the country. Variables influencing its distribution are derived from temperature, precipitation and elevation.
Limitations on study/implications: The model can contribute to the planning of management and monitoring strategies that mitigate the invasion of this species.
Findings/conclusions: The areas in Mexico where there is a high risk of invasion by the monk parakeet were identified
Characteristics of the white-tailed deer hunting exploitation (Odocoileus virginianus) in Chihuahua, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: To describe the characteristics of the number of hectares (located in the UMAs registered in the state of Chihuahua) used for the white-tailed deer free-range production, the level of exploitation of the species, and its economic value.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This study determined the number of Units for the Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use of Wildlife (UMAs) registered in the state of Chihuahua, where white tailed deer had been exploited since 2015. Forty-three municipalities in the state of Chihuahua, with a total of 159 UMAs, were analyzed. Twenty-three randomly selected UMAs were characterized, taking into account the hectares and the presence of white-tailed deer per municipality. Finally, the exploitation value of the species use per community was established in order to determine its exploitation and economic value.
Results: The total area used for the exploitation of the white-tailed deer reaches 1,067,380 hectares. Thirty-two municipalities had potential for the exploitation of white-tailed deer. Thirty-three deer were hunted per season in the 23 UMAs under study, which accounts for a 30,000 to $34,000 Mexican pesos for each white-tailed deer specimen.
Study Limitations/Implications: The study provides an overview of the current state of the UMAs in the state of Chihuahua that have a permit for the white-tailed deer hunting exploitation. Each of the UMAs under study has specific characteristics, including: the services offered, the associated hunting species, and the exploitation populations under an integrated sustainability arrangement. This study does not include the benefits of exploiting associated species, such as the collared peccary (Dicotyles tajacu) and the wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).
Findings/Conclusions: Based on the number of registered UMAs, 32 out of 40 municipalities use 100% of their registered area for the exploitation of white-tailed deer. The white-tailed deer hunting exploitation increases the profitability and productivity of livestock ranches
Fungi diversity in roots of Guarianthe skinneri in urban condition: velamen versus cortex
Get PDFObjective: To Identify the endophytic fungal community of the G. skinneri root in urban populations, showing differences in composition between velamen and cortex to better understand the fungus-root interaction in these orchids.
Design/Methodology/Approach: We collected tissues from velamen and root from five specimens of G. skinneri growing on urban trees in Tapachuala, Chiapas. We extracted DNA, PCR amplified the ITS marker, sequenced on the Illumina platform followed by diversity analyses and taxonomic assignment.
Results: We detected 845 OTUs that were assigned to the Fungi kingdom. Velamen and cortex share 403 OTUs, 402 were found exclusively in velamen and 40 in cortex. Besides orchid mycorrhiza forming fungi, we detected other species (e.g Alternaria sp., Beauveria sp., Fusarium sp., Glomus sp. and Tricoderma sp.) that could be involved in root physiology during development and defense against pathogens and predators
Study Limitations/Implications: Metagenomic studies provide substantial amounts of data that go beyond conventional studies. However, the information generated is still limited regarding the role of each endophyte.
Findings/Conclusions: Despite these limitations, our work fills a knowledge gap because we detected endophytes that were previously unknown for G. skinneri, leading to new research questions about root-endophyte relationships
Genotype by Environment Interaction of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrid Yield in Guanajuato, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate phenological and yield parameters in experimental maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids across different environments.Design/Methodology/Approach: The trials were conducted under gravity irrigation conditions with 21 experimental maize crosses and four commercial hybrids. The experiment was established in three communities in Guanajuato, Mexico, during the spring-summer agricultural cycle. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used in each environment. Genotype by environment interaction analysis was performed using the AMMI model.Results: Genotypes 23, 21, and 16 achieved the highest yield, followed by genotypes 22, 6, 17, and 5, while genotypes 8 and 13 showed the lowest yield.
Limitations of the Study/Implications: The promotion of these hybrids in environments within the state of Guanajuato is desirable.Findings/Conclusions: The genotypes exhibited high genetic divergence in the expression of yield parameters and their components. The outstanding hybrids were 23, 21, and 16, showing higher yields across all locations and demonstrating better adaptation to the three evaluation environments
Physicochemical and biological properties of honey samples from Melipona beecheii Bennett collected in Hopelchén, Campeche
Get PDFObjective: Contribute to the establishment of physicochemical and biological parameters of Melipona beecheii honey produced in the state of Campeche, as a basis for a future proposal for the establishment of an official mexican standard for melipona honey.
Design/methodology/approach: Honey samples of Melipona beecheii from the community of Hopelchén, Campeche, were analyzed. The results showed an acid honey with pH 3.89 ±0.13, free acidity 49.85 ±1.74, total acidity 68.09 ± 2.12, Brix 76.95%, humidity 21.38%, HMF 6.43 ±0.84, diastase index 8.58 ±0.25, and color intensity 187.33 ±7.9.
Results: The honey had a low phenolic content 28.45 ±1.14 mgEAG/kg and flavonoids 0.072 ±0.01 mg/kg. The low phenolic content interfered with the antioxidant activity revealing an EC50 of 0.76, the honey showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomona aeruginosa and Pseudomonas syringae. Chromatographic profiles of the honey obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were evaluated by chemometrics in order to classify the honey in relation to the similarity of the chromatographic profiles.
Limitations on study/implications: The great variability that exists among the small number of samples analyzed that are produced in the state of Campeche, despite being at close distances, makes it necessary to characterize the honeys by geographic zones.
Findings/conclusions: The parameters determined in this study contribute to the understanding of the variability in values, which is crucial for establishing quality and authenticity standards for honey. These standards will not only be applied to honey produced by the M. beecheii species, which is widely used in the southeast of Mexico, but also to other types of honey.Objective: To determine the physicochemical and biological parameters of Melipona beecheii honey produced in the state of Campeche, as the basis for a future proposal for the establishment of an official Mexican standard for Melipona honey.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Samples of Melipona beecheii honey from the community of Hopelchén, Campeche, were analyzed. The results showed an acid honey with 3.89±0.13 pH, 49.85±1.74 free acidity, 68.09±2.12 total acidity, 76.95% °Brix, 21.38% humidity, 6.43±0.84 HMF, 8.58±0.25 diastase index, and 187.33±7.9 color intensity.
Results: The honey had a low phenolic (28.45±1.14 mgEAG/kg) and flavonoid (0.072±0.01 mg/kg) content. The low phenolic content interfered with the antioxidant activity, revealing an EC50 of 0.76. The honey showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomona aeruginosa, and Pseudomonas syringae. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the chromatographic profiles of the honey; the said profiles were evaluated by chemometrics to classify the honey, according to the similarity of the chromatographic profiles.
Study Limitations/Implications: Despite being produced at a close distance from each other, the great variability among the small number of samples from the state of Campeche requires the characterization of the honeys by geographic zones.
Findings/Conclusions: The parameters determined in this study help to understand the variability in values, which is crucial for establishing quality and authenticity standards for honey. These standards will not only be applied to honey produced by the M. beecheii species, which is widely used in southeastern Mexico, but also to other types of honey
Pre and postharvest treatments to reduce the chilling injury in Lilium stems
Get PDFObjective: To increase cold tolerance in floral stems of Lilium sp. 'Indian Summerset' stored for two and four weeks using pre- and postharvest treatments. Design/Methodology/Approach: In the first phase, ascorbic acid (AA; 4 mM), glycine betaine (GB; 100 mM), and distilled water (T) were applied, and pre-conditioning was carried out at 0 ºC for 24 h, then the steems were stored (6 ºC; 85% RH). In the second phase, pulse solutions of AA, GB, or T were applied for 24 h after harvest and stored (7 °C; 92 % RH) for two weeks. The variables evaluated were: fresh weight, solution absorption, foliage yellowing, floral opening, flower color, and vase life (VL). Results: Cold storage causes leaves yellowing, deformation, flower color fading, and reduces VL. Findings/Conclusions: Preharvest treatments did not have a significant effect on cold tolerance. In the second phase, the AA pulse solution delayed floral opening and maintained the flowers color, while GB only reduced the leaves yellowing