Revista Agro Productividad
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Agroecological Alternatives for Pest and Disease Management in Mexican Lime [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle] Cultivation
Get PDFagroecological alternatives for the integrated management of recurrent pests in Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia); as well as to establish possible synergies with the commercial bioinsecticide.
Design/methodology/approach: This experiment was conducted in two phases: 1) visual monitoring and pre-identification of pests and fungal diseases in the Mexican lime crop, and 2) application and evaluation of the effect of application of commercial bioinsecticide (Biocanela) and mineral broths (bordeaux broth and sulfocalcium broth) alone and mixtures.
Results: The pests with highest incidence were thrips (Pezothrips kellynus), Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), and red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), while the main fungal diseases were sooty mold (Capnodium citri), red algae (Cephaleuros virescens), citrus greasy spot (Mycosphaerella citri), and anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum). The mixture of mineral broths with the bioinsecticide Biocanela showed the highest fungicide and insecticide activity, and repellency on various pests and diseases of the Mexican lemon crop.
Limitations on study/implications: Generate scientific knowledge regarding to the best agroecological alternatives for the integrated management of citrus pests and diseases that are economically and environmentally profitable.
Findings/conclusions: Application of the mixture of sulfocalcium broth and Biocanela showed repellency effectiveness against pests such as thrips (Pezothrips kellyanus), Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), and fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). Likewise, it was effective against sooty mold (Capnodium citri), red algae (Cephaleuros virescens), and citrus greasy spot (Mycosphaerella citri), while the effect was lighter against anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum). Additionally, it induces new, healthy shoots in Mexican lemon trees
Revealed comparative advantage and competitiveness of Mexican mango exports
Get PDFIn 2020, Mexico positioned itself as the fourth producer and the main exporter of mango, supplying around 18.44% of the world market and 88.28% of the US market, being the main importer. An analysis of the competitiveness of the Mexican mango in the world market was carried out from 1994 to 2020, by calculating the index of revealed comparative advantage (IVCR) and normalized revealed comparative advantage (IVCRN), with the purpose of knowing the export specialization of Mexico and thus be able to determine the presence of comparative advantages in exports. The average values obtained for the US market were 1.09 (IVCR) and 0.04 (IVCRN), for the Canadian market it was 6.33 (IVCR) and 0.69 (IVCRN), reflecting that the Mexican mango export sector is competitive and has comparative advantages. because the indices are positive.
Keywords: comparative advantage, competitiveness indices, production, market.Objective: The analysis of competitiveness of Mexican mango in the global market from 1994 to 2020 was conducted.
Design/methodology/approach: The revealed comparative advantage index (RCAI) and the normalized revealed comparative advantage index (NRCAI) were calculated, with the aim of understanding the exporting specialization of Mexico and thus determine the presence of comparative advantages in exports.
Results: The average values obtained for the USA market were 1.09 (RCAI) and 0.04 (NRCAI), and for the Canadian market 6.33 (RCAI) and 0.69 (NRCAI).
Conclusion: The export sector of Mexican mango is competitive and has comparative advantages because the indices are positive
Use of native corn (Zea mays L.) from two edaphoclimatic regions of Veracruz with potential as hydroponic green forage
Get PDFObjective: evaluate native corn from two different edaphoclimatic regions, with potential for hydroponic green forage (HGF) without nutrient solution.
Design/methodology/approach: A completely randomized experimental design was used with 5 treatments: T1 hybrid (HR), T2 Almolonga (ALF), T3 Coyutla (CPC), T4 Coyutla (CFJ) and T5 Coyutla (CMJ) each with 3 repetitions.
Results: The ALF treatment was superior in the variables of height (28 cm) and root length (14.7 cm). For leaf width and length CMJ presented the highest values (2.8 and 20.5 cm). However, ALF was superior in yield (36.80 kg·m2), dry biomass (4.89 kg·m2), protein content (29.88%), crude fiber (39.28%) and mineral content (4.95% N, 4.95 P, 5.95 K and 1.97 Kg dry biomass).
Limitations on study/implications: An alternative of native genetic materials is given to be used as HGF.
Findings/conclusions: Native ALF corn with irrigation without nutrient solution presented the best results in agronomic variables, yield, protein content, crude fiber and mineral content in biomass, being an alternative to be used as HGF.Objective: To evaluate native corn from two different edaphoclimatic regions, with potential as hydroponicgreen forage (HGF) without nutrient solution.Design/Methodology/Approach: A completely randomized experimental design was used with 5 treatmentsand 3 repetitions each: T1 hybrid (HR), T2 Almolonga (ALF), T3 Coyutla (CPC), T4 Coyutla (CFJ), and T5Coyutla (CMJ).Results: The ALF treatment was superior in the height (28 cm) and root length (14.7 cm) variables. For itspart, CMJ recorded the highest leaf width (2.8 cm) and length (20.5 cm) values. However, ALF had higher yield(36.80 kg m2), dry matter (4.89 kg m2), protein content (29.88%), crude fiber (39.28%), and mineral content(4.95% N, 4.95% P, 5.95% K, and 1.97 kg of dry matter).Study Limitations/Implications: Native corn from two different regions are proposed as an alternativeHGF.Findings/Conclusions: Native ALF corn with irrigation and without nutrient solution recorded better resultsas an alternative HGHGF in the following agronomic variables: yield, protein content, crude fiber, and mineralcontent in biomass
Empowerment processes in management and self-management in two rural communities
Get PDFObjective: To make visible the empowerment in management and self-management that rural women can achieve.
Design/methodology/approach: Two workshops were held with the participation of 77 people from the Tepexilotla and Carrizal communities; to identify the skills and abilities that provide rural women with a better quality of life, greater personal and collective power.
Results: Greater empowerment was found in the community of Tepexilotla unlike in Carrizal, because, in Tepexilotla they were trained by educational institutions while in Carrizal they did not.
Limitations on study/implications: Machismo, as a part of the patriarch, limits the participation and assistance of women in training workshops.
Findings/conclusions: Capabilities, strategies, and protagonism are factors that fosters greater empowerment in rural women, promoting their participation in management and self-management.Objective: To draw attention to the empowerment in management and self-management that rural womencan achieve individually and collectively.Methodology: Two workshops were conducted with the participation of n77 people of the communities ofTepexilotla and Carrizal, in order to identify the abilities and capacities that facilitate a better life quality, andgreater personal and collective power for rural women.Results: There is a greater empowerment in the community of Tepexilotla than in Carrizal, because the firsthad training by academics from educational institutions, as opposed to Carrizal.Limitations on the study: Machismo as part of the patriarchy limits the participation and attendance ofwomen to the training workshops.Conclusions: The capacities, strategies and prominence are factors that foster the empowerment process inrural women, driving their participation in management and self-management
Biochemical and functional characterization of milk from alpina and tog-genburg goat breeds
Get PDFObjective: This work aimed to evaluate the biochemical and functional properties of milk from two goat breeds (Alpina and Toggenburg) which could give goat's milk a higher added value and market, making it an attractive option for milk producers.
Design/methodology/approach: Several biochemical analyses were performed to both breed milks: Total Fat (Gerber); Total Protein (Lowry); Lactose (reducing sugars); Fatty acid composition (Mass-mass coupled gas chromatography) and antihypertensive activity (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition). To determine possible applications, functional characteristics of yogurt and cheese were also evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using NCSS software.
Results: Fat content of Alpina breed was higher than Toggenburg’s (4.76% vs. 2.96%, α=0.00013), as was lactose (8.26% vs. 5.37%, α=0.003), while Toggenburg presented higher protein content (5.53% vs. 4.77%, α=0.00016). Potential biologically active fatty acids were found in both milks in similar concentrations. Toggenburg milk sowed higher antihypertensive activity than Alpina (100% vs 77.27%), which was maintained and in some cases increased, when fermented to obtain different derivatives such as cheese and yogurt.
Limitations on study/implications: Further study is still needed to determine the entire biofunctionality of goat’s milk and provide milk producers with options to increase market and added value of their products.
Findings/conclusions: Both, Alpina and Toggenburg goat’s milk showed a high Biofunctional potential due to their fat and protein fractions; The fact that biofunctionality can be transferred to derivatives such as yogurt or cheese may increase producers' interest in producing and commercializing it, since the products can be marketed as “functional foods”.Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the biochemical and functional properties of milk from two goat breeds (Alpina and Toggenburg) which could give goat's milk a higher added value and market, making it an attractive option for milk producers.
Design/methodology/approach: Several biochemical analyses were performed to both breed milks: Total Fat (Gerber); Total Protein (Lowry); Lactose (reducing sugars); Fatty acid composition (Mass-mass coupled gas chromatography) and antihypertensive activity (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition). To determine possible applications, functional characteristics of yogurt and cheese were also evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using NCSS software.
Results: Fat content of Alpina breed was higher than Toggenburg’s (4.76% vs. 2.96%, α=0.00013), as was lactose (8.26% vs. 5.37%, α=0.003), while Toggenburg presented higher protein content (5.53% vs. 4.77%, α=0.00016). Potential biologically active fatty acids were found in both milks in similar concentrations. Toggenburg milk sowed higher antihypertensive activity than Alpina (100% vs 77.27%), which was maintained and, in some cases, increased, when fermented to obtain different derivatives such as cheese and yogurt.
Limitations on study/implications: Further study is still needed to determine the entire biofunctionality of goat’s milk and provide milk producers with options to increase market and added value of their products.
Findings/conclusions: Both, Alpina and Toggenburg goat’s milk showed a high Biofunctional potential due to their fat and protein fractions; The fact that biofunctionality can be transferred to derivatives such as yogurt or cheese may increase producers' interest in producing and commercializing it, since the products can be marketed as “functional foods”
Spatio-temporal analysis of scientific research on models to estimate water balance in hydrographic basinsV
Get PDFObjective: The objective of this study is to identify the main models or tools used to evaluate changes in water regulation for various reasons, through a bibliometric review in the Scopus database, in order to know the main variables evaluated that affect the hydrological regime of The basins.
Design/methodology/approach: With the help of bibliometric techniques, scientific articles available until December 2022 in the Scopus database were collected using the SUBJAREA (envi) TITLE-ABS-KEY ("water balance" AND "land use") AND (LIMIT-TO (OA, "all")) AND (LIMIT-TO (DOCTYPE, "ar")).
Results: 407 scientific articles were collected from 1965 to 2022, this scientific production shows an exponential growing trend that was concentrated above all in countries with agricultural traditions such as the United States (89 publications), China (33), Germany (28), the United Kingdom (25) and Australia (21).
Limitations on study/implications: Most of the research was developed on topics associated with land use change (82 texts), climate change (48), hydrological processes (44), subsoil water (34) and evapotranspiration calculation (33). The most recurrent models for calculating the water balance were the Direct Water Balance (230 texts) and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (83)
Findings/conclusions: No research development was found in Latin American and African countries, so these results can help redirect efforts in the research centers of these countries, with the aim of generating new knowledge that helps make decisions about how to improve the efficient use of water in the face of climate change scenarios and dynamics of land use change.Objective: To identify in the world the main models or tools used to evaluate changes in water regulation,through a bibliometric review in the especialized in scientific information, Scopus database, in order to knowthe main variables evaluated that affect the hydrological regime of the basins.Design/methodology/approach: With the help of bibliometric techniques, scientific articles available untilDecember 2022 in the Scopus database were collected using the SUBJAREA (envi) TITLE-ABS-KEY (“waterbalance” AND “land use”) AND (LIMIT-TO (OA, “all”)) AND (LIMIT-TO (DOCTYPE, “ar”)).Results: 407 scientific articles were collected from 1965 to 2022, this scientific production shows an exponentialgrowing trend that was concentrated above all in countries with agricultural traditions such as the UnitedStates (89 publications), China (33), Germany (28), the United Kingdom (25) and Australia (21).Limitations on study/implications: Most of the research was developed on topics associated with land usechange (82 texts), climate change (48), hydrological processes (44), subsoil water (34) and evapotranspirationcalculation (33). The most recurrent models for calculating the water balance were the Direct Water Balance(230 texts) and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (83).Findings/conclusions: No research development was found in Latin American and African countries, sothese results can help redirect efforts in the research centers of these countries, with the aim of generating newknowledge that helps make decisions about how to improve the efficient use of water in the face of climatechange scenarios and dynamics of land use chang
Effect of Vermicompost and Phyto-regulator on Zucchini Fruits (Cucurbita pepo L.) Grown in Shade Houses
Get PDFObjective: To assess the influence of vermicompost (LC) and phytoregulator (AMP) in the cultivation of zucchini, under shade house conditions.
Design/methodology/approach: A randomized block experimental design with eight treatments and six repetitions was used.
Results: The treatments did not affect fruit diameter and pH variables. The Jacobo+LC+AMP treatment induced fruit length, and all treatments where the phytoregulator was applied increased fruit weight and commercial yield. For fruit firmness and total soluble solids, the trend was not clear due to the effect of the treatments.
Findings/conclusions: The application of the phytoregulator induced fruit weight and yield
Social network of producers of dehydrated products with thermosolar technology in Zacatecas, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: analyze the social networks and the trust that exists among the producers of dehydrated products with solar thermal technology in the agricultural strip of Zacatecas, in order to determine the organizational potential through prevailing levels of trust among the producers.
Design/methodology/approach: a survey was applied to 30 dehydrated producers who have received training and information on the use of the solar thermal plant, all belonging to the state of Zacatecas. Indicators were used for the analysis of social networks.
Results: the results confirmed the importance of direct and indirect links, of the total number of producers, eighteen of them had no relationship with any producer, however, the rest showed at least one interaction with another producer. The producers have notable characteristics and acceptable trust relationships.
Limitations on study/implications: the results apply to the selected sample; the thermosolar food dehydration technology is still unknown among the producers.
Findings/conclusions: trust relationships must be strengths and strategies must be created to disseminate knowledge in a timely and efficient manner with key stakeholders and strengthen their pre-existing interactions.Objective: To analyze the social networks and the trust there is among the producers of dehydrated productswith thermosolar technology in the agricultural strip of Zacatecas, in order to determine the organizationalpotential through prevailing levels of trust between producers.Design/methodology/approach: A survey was applied to 30 producers of dehydrated products who havereceived training and information about the use of the thermosolar plant, all belonging to the state of Zacatecas.Indicators were used for the social networks analysis.Results: The results confirmed the importance of direct and indirect links; of all the producers, eighteenhad no relationship with any other producer, although the rest showed at least one interaction with anotherproducer. The producers have notable characteristics and acceptable trust relationships.Limitations on study/implications: The results apply to the selected sample; thermosolar food dehydrationtechnology is still unknown among the producers.Findings/conclusions: Trust relationships must be strengthened and strategies should be created to disseminateknowledge in a timely and efficient manner with key stakeholders and thus boost their pre-existing interactions
Selection of Advanced Bread Wheat Lines for Their Response to Premature Ripening Caused by Fusarium sp.
Get PDFObjective: Screen a bread wheat trial for resistance to Crown root rot.
Design/methodology/approach: one hundred and fifty experimental wheat lines with different genetic and physiological characteristics, were inoculated under greenhouse conditions with a mixture of five species of Fusarium, which were isolated from wheat commercial fields. The response of the wheat germplasm to the disease was scored through a disease index.
Results: Sixty-three bread wheat experimental lines were identified with a disease severity of 1 to 9%, which are considered as resistant.
Limitations on study/implications: The evaluation of wheat germplasm for disease resistance in the field presents important variables, which cannot be controlled, mainly for the spatial distribution of pathogens; hence, a better option is to carry out the trials under a controlled environment.
Findings/conclusions: Eleven genotypes were selected based on their resistance to Crown rot and to a better grain yield per spike
Relationship between feeding protocols and their cost with body development of lactating calves in family milk-production units
Get PDFObjective: Characterize the feeding protocols and feeding costs, as well as their relationship with the body development of lactating calves until weaning in family milk-production units (FMPU).
Methodology: A prospective observational cohort study was carried out. The feeding protocol, and its cost were recorded, in addition, the daily gains in weight (DWG) and height (DHG) between birth and weaning of 193 calves (n=12 FMPU). The information was subjected to descriptive statistics and analysis of variance.
Results: In some FMPU, up to 5 feeding protocols were used, and calves with 49 and 138 days until weaning. The predominant feeding consisted of milk replacer plus starter concentrate (28.5%). The costs of the feeding protocols (1162 to 2395 pesos), as well as the DWG (0.346 to 0.721 Kg/day) and DHG (0.114 to 0.216 Cm/day), were statistically different between FMPU (P<0.01). The most expensive feeding protocol had a DWG of 0.555 kg/day and a DHG of 0.161 cm/day.
Limitations of study/implications: The nutrient contributions of the feeding protocols were not determined, consequently, whether they covered the calves' nutritional requirements.
Conclusions: In FMPU, there is a lack of standardization in feeding protocols and a high variation in their costs, as well as in the duration to weaning. The body development of the calves is suboptimal, influenced by the feeding protocol, where the highest cost is not reflected in the best body development rate