Revista Agro Productividad
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Wildfire analysis in the Cobos-Parga Hydrographic Basin, Aguascalientes, through satellite images: impacts and solutions: Wildfires in Cobos-Parga Basin
No full textObjective: Detect and analyse forest fires happening in the Cobos-Parga Hydrographic Basin.
Design/methodology/approach: For this analysis, the methodology that was followed ranges from the extraction of satellite images to the calculation of the Normalised Burn Ratio, thus enabling the detection of combusted zones. All this work was done thanks to the use of Geographic Information Systems.
Results: frequent occurrence of fires was found in the area, mainly of anthropogenic origin and registered chiefly from January to May. The increasing trends in annual accumulated precipitation and extreme maximum temperature are also evident in the study area. Therefore, climatic conditions do not exhibit a clear correlation between them and fires, supporting the idea that forest fires are mostly caused by anthropogenic reasons.
Limitations on study/implications: Finally, it is suggested that the CHCP is not suitable for the construction of real estate complexes, since it is estimated to be a zone of high fire risk.
Findings/conclusions: This highlights the necessity of establishing protection measurements that could control illegal activities, as well as monitoring fires and along with it, guarantee the biological and cultural preservation of the area.Objective: Detect and analyse forest fires happening in the Cobos-Parga Hydrographic Basin.
Design/methodology/approach: For this analysis, the methodology that was followed ranges from the extraction of satellite images to the calculation of the Normalised Burn Ratio, thus enabling the detection of combusted zones. All this work was done thanks to the use of Geographic Information Systems.
Results: Frequent occurrence of fires was found in the area, mainly of anthropogenic origin and registered mainly from January to May. The increasing trends in annual precipitation and extreme maximum temperature are also evident in the study area. Therefore, climatic conditions do not exhibit a clear correlation between them and fires, supporting the idea that forest fires are mostly caused by anthropogenic reasons.
Limitations on study/implications: Finally, it is suggested that the CPHB is not suitable for the construction of real estate complexes, since it is estimated to be a zone of high fire risk.
Findings/conclusions: This highlights the necessity of establishing protection measurements that could control illegal activities, as well as monitoring fires and along with it, guarantee the biological and cultural preservation of the area
Agronomic and morphological evaluation of six genotypes and two hybrids of Poblano peppers in field conditions
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Objective: To evaluate the agronomic and morphological characteristics of six genotypes of poblano pepper, compared with a commercial hybrid and an experimental hybrid, in order to select genotypes with the potential to continue with a genetic improvement program.
Design/methodology/approach: The design of treatments and the statistical model was complete randomized blocks, with eight treatments (six genotypes F2, Carranza F1 and F402 F1), analyzed with an ANVA at p≤0.05, Tukey's test of means p≤0.05 and an analysis of Pearson correlation.
Results: In yield per plant, number of fruits per plant (NFP), average weight per fruit, plant height, stem thickness and leaf length and width (AH), no statistical differences were found. Regarding the width of the fruit base (WFB), the hybrids stand out, in the average width of the fruit the genotypes G4, G6 and the hybrids, in fruit length G2, G5 and G6 stand out, depth of the calyx G1, G3 and G4, peduncle length G4 was different from the others and mesocarp thickness (MT) genotypes G2, G4, G6 and hybrids stood out. The performance depends on NFP (0.66), MT (0.46), WFB (0.38) according to the Pear-son correlation coefficients.
Limitations on study/implications:
Findings/conclusions: The genotypes G2, G4 and G6 evaluated stand out for their agronomic potential compared to the hybrids tested, therefore, a genetic potential is inferred that could be useful to continue with the genetic improvement program.Objective: to evaluate agronomic and morphological traits of six Poblano-type pepper genotypes, compared to a commercial hybrid and an experimental hybrid, in order to select genotypes with potential to continue with a plant breeding program.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach: treatments and statistical model were arranged in randomized complete blocks, with eight treatments (six F2 genotypes, and two hybrids Carranza (commercial F1) and F402 (experimental F1). Treatments were analyzed with analysis of variance (p ≤ 0.05); then tested with Multiple Mean Comparison (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05) and Pearson Correlation Analysis.
Results: no statistical differences were found in yield per plant (RPP), number of fruits per plant (NFP), average weight per fruit (PPF), plant height (AP), stem thickness (GT), leaf length (AL) and leaf width (AH). Regarding width at the base of the fruit (ABF) the hybrids were superior; in average width of the fruit the genotypes G4, G6 and the hybrids were better; in fruit length G2, G5 and G6 stood out; in calyx depth G1, G3 and G4; in length of the peduncle G4 was different from the others; and in thickness of the mesocarp (GM) the genotypes G2, G4, G6 and hybrids were superior. According to Pearson's correlation, the yield depended on NFP (0.66), MG (0.46), ABF (0.38), as it is shown by their coefficients.
Limitations/ Implications of the study: F1 hybrids do include market features preferred by consumers and producers, since those hybrids were created to favor those traits; for this reason, those hybrids were compared to second generation (F2) genotypes obtained by directed manual pollination.
Findings/ Conclusions: The evaluated G2, G4 and G6 second generation (F2) genotypes are highlighted for their agronomic potential compared even to the tested hybrids. So, their genetic potential is inferred, and could be useful to continue selecting them within a plant breeding program
Regional hydro-climatic characterization for the efficient use and management of water Study case
Get PDFObjective: To analyze official information to project future groundwater availability and demand scenarios, based on the different consumptive uses of the Alto Atoyac aquifer, in Tlaxcala, Mexico.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodology used in this study included a bibliographic and documentary research. Likewise, based on the Penman-Monteith equation, quantitative research was used to calculate and estimate crop irrigation requirements.
Results: The results of the availability and demand of groundwater showed a surplus of ≈23.34% in 2020. This percentage will gradually decrease in the following years until it reaches a 24.71% deficit by 2070. Consequently, a groundwater deficit in the Alto Atoyac aquifer will take place throughout the whole period (2020-2070). From 2040 to 2050, this deficit will gradually increase.
Study Limitations/Implications: Measures for a sustainable use, exploitation, and conservation of the aquifer must be urgently implemented, as a regular and frequent measurements of aquifer depletion, through measures of phreatic and dynamic groundwater levels, also regular and frequent measures of groundwater extraction, water conduction through the conveyance and distribution system, and finally amounts of water applied to all crop pattern.
Findings/Conclusions: The integration of the consulted and generated data allowed the development of groundwater availability and demand scenarios in the aquifer. In addition, comparisons between the said scenarios were established and conclusions were drawn. The growing water demand in the region —required to meet the basic needs of the localities and inhabitants and to keep driving the economic activities in the region— would have negative effects on the environment and the inhabitants, due to the overexploitation of the aquifer groundwater
Low protein diets for pigs: where are we going?
Get PDFObjective: To update the trends with the advantages and disadvantages by using low-protein diets (LPD) for fattening pigs, as well as providing information on the direction of LPD in future research. Approach: Recent years have showed many great advantages by reducing dietary crude protein (CP) with free amino acids (AA) supplementation, and create a sustainable swine industry. Results: The PC reduction in diets for fattening pigs saves protein ingredients, decreases not only nitrogen excretion, but also feeding costs; without affecting growth performance compared to traditional diets. Implications: The good response by reducing the CP amount in pig diets is not unique; there are also unwanted effects to be considered. Therefore, the use of LPD for pigs needs further research to analyze the use of feed additives that may maintain the growth performance and/or to avoid their negative effects on pork. Conclusions: There are advantages and disadvantages feeding LPD for pigs; however, there is the need to study the issue focused on the reduction of feed cost and the protection of the environment from nitrogen excretion.Objective: To update the trends of advantages and disadvantages of using low-protein diets (LPD) for fattening pigs, as well as providing information on the direction of LPDs in future research.
Approach: The advantages and disadvantages of reducing dietary crude protein (CP) in the diet with supplementation of synthetic amino acids (AA) have been reported in recent years, in order to generate a sustainable swine industry.
Results: The reduction of CP in diets for fattening pigs saves protein ingredients, decreases not only nitrogen excretion but also feeding costs, without affecting growth performance compared to traditional diets.
Implications: The good response of reducing the amount of CP in pig diets is not unique; there are also unwanted effects in the pigs’ response to be considered. Therefore, the use of LPD for pigs needs further research to analyze the use of feed additives that maintain of improve the productive response and/or to avoid their negative effects on pork.
Conclusions: There are advantages and disadvantages of feeding pigs with LPD; however, there is the need to study the issue focusing on the reduction of the cost of feed and the protection of the environment from nitrogen excretion
Characterization of the scientific production on Moringa oleifera Lam. for the period 2013–2023
Get PDFObjective: The objective of this research was to characterize scientific production of M. oleifera in the Scopus database during the period 2013 - 2023.
Design/methodology/approach: The bibliographic data of the moringa publications were downloaded and the data were characterized through a bibliometric analysis.
Results: 5680 documents published in the period 2013-2023 were identified, which were classified as scientific articles (80.21%), bibliographic reviews (8.68%), papers presented at congresses (6.78%), book chapters (1.81%). and books (0.11%). The most researched areas were agricultural and biological sciences (21.92%), biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology (10.71%) and pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceuticals (10.51%). The following bibliometric data were identified: Keywords, ID keywords, countries with the most publications, journals with the most moringa publications, authors with the highest number of publications and citations, topic niche, basic topics, emerging or declining topics, and motor topics
Limitations on study/implications: Databases that do not have free access limit the development of bibliographic research.
Findings/conclusions: The bibliometric analysis allowed to know the scientific contribution in moringa and allows the development of topics of greater relevance.Objective: This study aims to map the scientific production on Moringa oleifera in the Scopus database over the period 2013–2023.
Design/methodology/approach: The bibliographic data of moringa publications was downloaded and data was characterized through a bibliometric analysis. The analysis identified key metrics, including the most productive countries, journals and authors with the highest number of publications and citations, topic niche, basic topics, emerging or declining topics, and motor topics.
Results: For the period 2013-2023,a total of 5680 documents were published, categorized as scientific articles (80.21%), bibliographic reviews (8.68%), conference papers (6.78%), book chapters (1.81%) and books (0.11%). Most of the research is embedded in areas such as: agricultural and biological sciences (21.92%), biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology (10.71%) and pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceuticals (10.51%).
Limitations on study/implications: This study is limited to the Scopus database, which means that additional publications on Moringa oleifera from the 2013–2023 period may exist in other databases not included in this analysis.
Findings/conclusions: The bibliometric analysis provided insights into the scientific contributions related to Moringa oleifera and supports the development of research on more relevant and hot spots topics
Social reproduction strategies and climate change in communal lands in the Sierra Nevada of Puebla, Mexico
Get PDFObjectives: To understand the socio-demographics of ejido communities in the Sierra Nevada region of Puebla, Mexico, their social reproduction strategies within domestic units, their perception of climate change and its impact, and their interest in training on the subject.
Methodology: A questionnaire was administered to a probabilistic sample of 334 ejidatarios from ten ejidos in the municipalities of Calpan, Chiautzingo, San Nicolás de los Ranchos, and San Salvador El Verde; 16.2% of the ejidatarios in the sample were women and 83.8% were men.
Results: Of the 334 ejidatarios in the sample, 70% were between 46 and 75 years old and 97% declared they knew how to read and write. Their social reproduction strategies are agriculture (55.7%), selling labor force (23.7%), housewifery (9.3%), commerce (4.5%), and other activities (6.8%). Such diversification is associated with the impacts of climate change on agricultural production. In terms of land, 71% is owned by the ejidatarios, themselves, with 65% having a working area of 1-2 ha. A percentage as high as 89.8% of ejidatarios have heard about climate change, with 93.4% indicating personal and domestic unit affectations; 99.4% identified climate transformations, and 88.6% declared interest in training on the subject.
Study implications: Participants in the study showed motivation to learn about five thematic axes of climate change, fostering a commitment to continue producing collaborative knowledge and designing strategies to enhance the adaptation strategies of ejidos in the region.
Conclusions: There was consensus among participants on the perception of climate change and its effects. Climate change requires them to strengthen and develop adaptation strategies applicable to reproduction strategies. To do so, they need access to training and participation in the production of collaborative knowledge on the subject in the region
Application and Effects of Rare Earth Elements in Agricultural Produc-tion Systems
Get PDFObjective: To review the history of rare earths and their practical applications, as well as to identify the effects of some rare earths on crops.
Design/methodology/approach: We performed an exhaustive review of the scientific literature related to the history of rare earth elements (REE), their chemical characteristics, composition in the Earth’s crust, and uses in industry, as well as of the effects of the light rare earth elements (LREE) on higher plants. The most relevant articles on the aforementioned topics of interest were then selected, analyzed, and discussed.
Results: In recent years, the industrial and technological use of REE has increased significantly. Their use in the automotive, aeronautical, and space industries, in medicine, in renewable energies, and in electronic and military technology is resulting in the accumulation of these elements in the environment and their bioavailability for crops. Importantly, REE have been reported to have both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on biological systems, including plants.
Limitations on study/implications: While some REE like lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce) have been extensively studied, others have been scarcely explored and, therefore, little information has been published on them in the international literature.
Findings/conclusions: The use of REE in technology, combined with poor waste management and recycling, cause contamination in soil and water, allowing REE bioavailability in plants. Further studies are needed to identify beneficial effects of REE in the face of biotic or abiotic stress factors
Valorization of prickly pear pericarp (Opuntia albicarpa Scheinvar) through aerobic fermentation
Get PDFObjective: To determine the change in the composition of 'Blanca cristalina' cactus prickly pear's pericarp (Opuntia albicarpa) subjected to aerobic fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Design/methodology/approach: The pH, total soluble solids, moisture, ashes, total carbohydrates and crude protein were determined on cactus prickly pear's pericarp before and after being fermented by S. cerevisiae. Data were compared through a paired t test.
Results: Significant difference (p<0.05) was found in the total soluble solids, carbohydrate content and crude protein content after the fermentation process. Total soluble solids and carbohydrates content both decreased from 12.67±0.58 °Brix to 6.33±1.53 °Brix and from 7.43±1.4 % to 0.83±0.06 %, respectively. Meanwhile, crude protein content increased from 0.47±0.42 % to 8.87±1.02 %.
Limitations on study/implications: Non-certified commercial yeast was used in this study, so the product obtained of process must be used for animal feeding, and for human food the process must be modified.
Findings/conclusions: The fermentation process described in this work is an alternative, to increase the protein content of cactus prickly pear byproducts, such as the fruit pericarp, making it possible to be used as an animal feeding with high nutritional quality. Objective: To determine the change in the composition of 'Blanca cristalina' cactus prickly pear's pericarp (Opuntia albicarpa Scheinvar) subjected to aerobic fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Design/methodology/approach: The pH, total soluble solids, moisture, ashes, total carbohydrates and crude protein were determined on cactus prickly pear's pericarp before and after being fermented by S. cerevisiae. Data were compared through a paired t test.
Results: Significant difference (p<0.05) was found in the total soluble solids, carbohydrate content and crude protein content after the fermentation process. Total soluble solids and carbohydrates content both decreased from 12.67±0.58 °Brix to 6.33±1.53 °Brix and from 7.43±1.4 % to 0.83±0.06 %, respectively. Meanwhile, crude protein content increased from 0.47±0.42 % to 8.87±1.02 %.
Limitations on study/implications: Non-certified commercial yeast was used in this study, so the product obtained of process must be used for animal feeding, and for human food the process must be modified.
Findings/conclusions: The fermentation process described in this work is an alternative, to increase the protein content of cactus prickly pear byproducts, such as the fruit pericarp, making it possible to be used as an animal feeding with high nutritional quality.
Inclusion of Hydroponic Green Forage in Rabbit Feeding
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Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of inclusion of hydroponic green forage corn (FVHM) in the diet of rabbits and its effect on growth and carcass conformation characteristics.
Design/methodology/approach: Five inclusion treatments were established, in the daily diet of tepexpan® brand commercial balanced feed (ABC) and hydroponic green corn fodder (FVHM), in the following proportions (ABC:FVHM): T1:100:00, T2: 75:25, T3:50:50, T4: 25:75, and T5: 00:100. The FVHM was harvested and used 10 days after planting. The treatments were evaluated in 45 weaned rabbits, in a completely randomized design for 30 days. The productive performance variables were daily weight gain, live weight, carcass weight and carcass yield. Digestive tract organs were measured.
Results: Higher productive performance and better carcass conformation were found in the rabbits of T1, fed with concentrate, followed by T2 and T3 in a 75:25 y 50:50 ratios. The T3 rabbits presented lower productive performance during growth and carcass yield.
Limitations on study/implications: It is suggested to continue investigating the inclusion of FVHM below 50% in the diet.
Findings/conclusions: The inclusion of hydroponic green corn forage in ranges of 25 to 50% maintains the productive performance of rabbits, higher percentages of inclusion affect feeding efficiency.
Keywords: feeding, rabbits, hydroponic fodderObjective: The study aimed to evaluate the inclusion level of hydroponic corn green forage (HCGF) in rabbit diets and its effect on growth and carcass conformation characteristics.
Design/methodology/approach: Five inclusion treatments were established, in the daily diet of Tepexpan® brand commercial balanced feed (CBF) and hydroponic corn green forage (HCGF), in the following proportions (CBF:HGCF): T1:100:00, T2: 75:25, T3:50:50, T4: 25:75, and T5: 00:100. The HCGF was harvested and used 10 days after planting. The treatments were evaluated in 45 weaned rabbits, in a completely randomized design for 30 days. The productive performance variables were daily weight gain, live weight, carcass weight and carcass yield. Additionally, measurements of digestive tract organs were recorded.
Results: Higher productive performance and better carcass conformation were found in the rabbits from T1, fed with concentrate, followed by T2 and T3 in a 75:25 and 50:50 ratios, repectively. Rabbits in T3 exhibited lower productive performance during growth and carcass yield.
Limitations on study/implications: Further research is recommended on the the inclusion of HCGF at levels below 50% in rabbit diets.
Findings/conclusions: The inclusion of hydroponic corn green forage at levels of 25 to 50% maintains the productive performance of rabbits, while higher inclusion levels negatively impact feeding efficiency
Current status and socioeconomic importance of capulín (Prunus serotina Ehrh) in the Sierra Nevada of Puebla, Mexico
Get PDFObjective: To determine the distribution, survival conditions, and socioeconomic and environmental importance of black cherry or capulín populations in the Sierra Nevada of Puebla, Mexico.
Methodology: Ethnographic and qualitative methods were used to estimate and describe capulín populations in transects, backyards, and orchards. Twenty-six informal interviews were conducted across 10 circuits covering 32 sites in the Sierra Nevada region.
Results: In three circuits, more than 3,600 trees were found to be well-managed. In the remaining circuits, there were between 16 and 74 neglected adult specimens.
Study limitations/implications: The cultivators’ assessments of capulín populations differ from technical methods.
Findings/Conclusions: Capulín populations are concentrated in three circuits where they hold notable socioeconomic and environmental importance