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Generative design principles and algorithmic thinking in architectural plan variations: human to machine approach [keynote lecture] [plenarno predavanje po pozivu štampano u celini]
No full textThe design process based on analogue architectural plan variations has been analysed in order to determine generative principles for its automation. It has been presumed that the limitations of the current artificial plan generator models could be mastered and overcome by establishing a closer relationship between the natural design process and the artificial one. Since it has been claimed that artificial models are still incapable of having real-person insight and consequently completely autonomously and critically present and decide upon high-quality architectural design proposals in regard to presented spatial tasks, no matter the number of examples which they have been trained on, the author aimed to document and deconstruct her own design process so as to determine the main reasons based on which human-controlled processes deliver better results in certain aspects when compared to their artificial (AI) counterparts, as well as how they can be measured, parametrized, and transferred into the algorithmic patterns. Some aesthetic aspects of both approaches will also be examined. The case study has been chosen from the author’s practice. Simple in terms of the programmatic requirements and additionally highly constrained by urban locational parameters considering formal boundaries, this case appeared to be appropriate for examining possibilities of internal morphing and variation based on values defined by the architect herself from both professional and critical perspectives while also following the standard contextual parameters. The study of the design process grounded on architectural plan variability, versioning, and optimization, had a specific focus on decision-making during these operations. Having been of the key importance for determining protocols for the contrasted artificial behaviour, the act of decision making and architectural design intentions have been taken for central concerns within the debate on differences in design performance of humans and machines. Design options have been documented in an elaborate map-diagram. The applied model utilized the branching logic of variations alongside main arguments that directed their course of development. Through such representational and analytical forms, the complete evolutive footprint of the investigated design and different architectural scenarios have been recorded within a common scene or an image, following dynamic changes and adaptations to the bounding conditions and design parameters toward the final solution that best responds to all of them and to the architect’s design intentions. The main objective of the procedure, which can be situated in the field of algorithmic thinking, has been to convert this map into the set of instructions for an artificial architectural plan generator, or, in other words, to determine possible generative formulas in the recorded design process pattern that can properly address spatially expressed programmatic aspects besides the formal and structural features that have up to date taken the dominant position in similar kinds of research.Keynote Lecture: Invitation by Prof. Celestino Sodd
Modern Transformations of City Riverfront - Comparison of the Riverfronts of Belgrade and Zagreb
No full textCity riverfronts are parts of urban areas that have become increasingly interesting in space
reconstruction and revitalization in the last few decades. This situation has occurred due to several
different factors. The most important factor is undoubtedly the value of the land along the river and
the possibility of forming high-quality spatial landscapes. In these parts of the city, in urban centres
worldwide, attempts are being made to organise the entire life of the city. This research seeks to
examine changes in the examples of the city riverfronts of Belgrade and Zagreb. These two cities
are attractive for research because they were formed on the banks of the same river and have
similar spatial-geographical characteristics. To research the mentioned changes in the paper, the
spatial planning and urban documentation will be analyzed, focusing on the transformations of the
riverfront of the two mentioned cities. It is important to emphasise that this paper seeks to examine
the transformations in the last twenty years, i.e. in the 21st century. This research tries to
summarise all the changes made to the city riverfronts and their effects on the spatial configuration
of Belgrade and Zagreb. It also seeks to answer whether such space transformations are favourable or not, or what impact do they have on changing the broader image of the city. Based on the results, proposals and guidelines for future transformations of urban riverfronts will be given at the end of the paper
Perception of Heritage Values: Experiential Qualitative Model for Assessing the Urban Potential
Get PDFModern-day is defined as a period of globalization, a complex construct that can pose a threat to maintaining the uniqueness of a place and creating a distinctive city identity. The hypothesis of this paper is that, while the phenomenon of globalization is researched within different disciplines, a common interdisciplinary theme stands out - the experience and perception of urban space that further builds a unique impression of the observed scene. The assumption will be investigated through the formation of a qualitative model for examining the urban potential with the aim of affirming the visual quality of the place as an important factor in the construction of local identity. The established model is examined through case studies of the 20th-century heritage. This period was chosen because it represents the subject of a contemporary global discussion about the conservation, activation and use of heritage in urban structures. The premise is that the qualitative model can be adequately applied to architecture from this period and contribute to its visibility and understanding, as well as to the examination of its role in the creation of contemporary local identity. The research is significant because it enables an interdisciplinary consideration of heritage as a key factor in building the modern city identity based on its visual impression.Савремени тренутак дефинисан је као период глобализације, сложен конструкт који може представљати опасност по неговање јединствености места и изградњу препозантљивог идентитета града. Хипотеза овог рада је да се, упркос истраживању феномена глобализације уразличитим дисциплинама, издваја заједничка интердисциплинарна тема – искуство и доживљај простора који даље гради јединствен утисак о посматраном месту. Претпоставка ће бити истражена кроз формирање квалитативног модела за испитивање урбаног потенцијала са циљем афирмисања визуелног квалитета места као значајног фактора у изградњи локалног идентитета. Постављени модел испитује се кроз студије случаја наслеђа 20. века. Овај период је изабран јер представља предмет опште дискусије на глобалном нивоу о начину конзервације, активирања и коришћења наслеђа у урбаним структурама. Претпоставка је да се квалитативни модел може адекватно применити на артефакте из овог периода и допринети њиховој видљивости и разумевању, као и испитивању њихове улоге у креирању савременог локалног идентитета. Истраживање је важно јер омогућава интердисциплинарно разматрање наслеђа као важног фактора изградње савременог идентитета места утемељеног на визуелном утиску простора
Dispositif between Philosophical Category and Architectural Concept
Get PDFOdgovor na pitanje o tome postoji li napetost između uvida da nam koncept dispozitiva otkriva promjenljivost objektivne stvarnosti i teorije da projektiranje arhitektonskog objekta
zavisi od različitih elemenata koji su obuhvaćeni konceptom dispozitiva. Glavna je teza
ovoga članka da primjena dispozitiva u polju arhitekture pomaže boljem razumijevanju tog
koncepta – od Michela Foucaulta, preko Gillesa Deleuzea do Giorgia Agambena. U članku iznosim argumente u prilog tvrdnji da se nestabilan filozofski koncept dispositifa može
precizirati iskustvima arhitektonske prakse i teorije. Pokazat ću ne samo zašto je arhitektu
potrebna filozofija nego i obratno, zašto arhitekt i njegova praksa mogu pomoći filozofima.The answer to the question of whether there is a tension between the insight that the concept of dispositif reveals to us the variability of objective reality and the theory that the design of an architectural object depends on the various elements captured by the concept of dispositif The primary thesis of this paper is that the application of dispositifs in the field of architecture helps us to better understand this concept – from Michel Foucault to Gilles Deleuze to Giorgio Agamben. In other words, the paper presents arguments that the unstable philosophical concept of dispositif can be made more precise through the experiences of architectural practice and theory. On this occasion, I would like to show not only why architects need philosophy, but also, conversely, how an architect and his practice can help philosophers
The Conceptual Act of (Non)Instrumentality
Get PDFThis paper aims at hypothesizing that the issue of technology could never be con sidered separate from the creative act. We develop the hypothesis starting from Heidegger’s
opposition of technology and the poietic, which we interpret through the dialectic between the
performative and constative function of the hand. To overcome the Heideggerian problem of
Enframing, we introduce the question of singularity inherent in every poietic activity which,
however, does not result in conceiving technology as an instrument. When defining the nature
of such poietic singularization we employ Spinoza’s concept of an inadequate idea – an idea
that involves its cause but does not explain it. The inherent negativity of the inadequate idea
generates the sphere in which the new appears as radical otherness. But in order to produce the
new, that is, to perform it, technology has to be conceptualized and thus made an instrument
– a singular instrument of the creative act
Discrete Continuities: Generative Design Explorations of Spatial Structures in Architecture
Get PDFThis paper contributes to the research in the field of generative computational design of discrete assemblies and their implementations in constructing spatial structures in architecture. Works and research on discrete architecture and architectural ontology suggest that the considerable promise for a complex, open-ended, adaptable architecture could be a digital form of assembly based on parts. In this study, the topic of compositions made of discrete elements is researched from the perspective of the creative process. Respectively, the paper explores the possibility of using generative systems based on graph grammar formalism in the creation of adaptable spatial configurations in an architectural context. We tested this approach through design research in which a computational generative system was used as an embedded system for formal explorations. Starting from the specification of discrete elements/modules and their inherent attributes, then the definition of the composition rules and constraints, we applied the graph grammar formation procedure which, by a random selection of the modules and rules on each iteration of the additive process, generated a variety of complex spatial structures. The emergent discrete continuities exhibit new and unanticipated detail, materiality, structure, functionality, and aesthetics inherent to the design process augmented by human-machine interaction. The structural performance of these structures was evaluated using software based on the Finite Element Method (FEM), while the constructability was tested through the construction of small-scale prototypes. This theme enabled us to study specific design methodology, as well as to investigate the potential of digitally intelligent architecture.Изазови са којима се архитектонско пројектовање суочава у дигиталној ери подразумевају повећање комплексности пројеката и захтевима за примену за ефикасних пројектантских методама и алата. Овај рад доприноси истраживањима у области генеративног рачунског пројектовања дискретних склопова и њиховој примени у изградњи просторних структура у архитектури. Дискретна архитектура је приступ који се односи на рачунарско манипулисање дискретним елементима архитектонских објекта који су репрезентовани у форми вишезначних, адаптибилних и скалабилних дигиталних података. Дискретна архитектура користи предности дигиталне економије и аутоматизације како би допринела демократизацији производње и повећању доступности, препознајући потенцијалне економске, социјалне и културне импликације. Истраживања и пројекти орјентисани на тему дискретне архитектуре и архитектонске онтологије указују на потенцијале које нуде комплексне, прилагодљиве архитектоничне структуре који настају као резултат дигиталног склапања елемената. У оквиру овог рада, тема композиција од дискретних елемената истражује кроз креативни процес. С тим у вези, рад испитује могућност употребе генеративних система заснованих на формализму граматике графова у стварању прилагодљивих просторних конфигурација у архитектонском контексту. Приступ је тестиран коришћењем методе истраживања кроз пројекат у коме се рачунски генеративни систем користи као уграђени систем за истраживања форме просторних структура. Као генеративна процедура у истраживању се користи граматика графа. У овој процедури полазећи од спецификације дискретних елемената / модула и њихових атрибута, затим дефиниције правила и ограничења њихове композиције, стохастички алгоритам случајним одабиром модула и правила на свакој итерацији адитивног процеса генерише различите просторне структуре. Просторне структуре од дискретних елемената генерисане на овај начин поседују особину емергенције, континуитета, али и нови ниво материјалности, детаља, структуре, функционалности и естетике који су својствени процесу пројектовања који је заснован на интеракцији дизајнера и рачунара. Структурне перформансе композиција оцењене су помоћу софтвера заснованог на Методи коначних елемената (МКЕ), такође конструкција је у одређеној мери проверена и кроз израду прототипа у малој размери. Предметно истраживање је омогућило проверу специфичне пројектантске методологије, као и испитивање потенцијала дигитално интелигентне архитектуре.Поглавље објављено у тематском зборнику међународног значаја ”Уметност и наука у примени: искуство и вивзија” (”Art and Science Applied: Experinece and Vision") чији су уредници Весна Круљац и Бојан Јокић, а које чини селекција радова презентованих на скупу SmartArt 2021 одржаном септембра 2021 године у САНУ у Београду.
https://smartart-conference.rs/thematic-proceedings
Making Cities More Resilient Through Urban Design: Case of Recreational Complex in “Block 44”, New Belgrade
Get PDFThroughout history, cities have faced risks but have also demonstrated their resilience to
different kinds of disturbances and changes. Today, the scale and the unpredictability of urban risks
are increasing due to the complexity of city systems and the uncertainty associated with many
hazards, including climate change. The need to make cities more resilient affects how we plan,
design, and build our cities. Urban design is a discipline that links architecture, landscape, and
urban planning to provide meaningful, safe, functional, and pleasant places for people. As such, it is recognized as an essential tool for adapting cities to climate change and responding to other risks and disturbances.
This paper explores how urban design can be used to improve the recreational quality of
abandoned urban spaces while, at the same time, helping to make cities more resilient. The case of
a planned but only partially built and abandoned recreational complex in New Belgrade is chosen as
a context and a starting point of the study, being an example of the absence of resilience thinking in
urban development. The study uses research by design method (in the context of an urban design
studio) to identify new urban design models through which links between cultural landscape, urban
recreation, and climate change adaptation can be established and analyzed. The results indicate
that, although all identified urban design models enable the introduction of measures to adapt to
climate change, the level of their contribution varies concerning spatial scales as well as different
dimensions of urban resilience
Regulatory and Controlling Mechanisms on UAV/UAS that Influence Efficient Architectural Heritage Praxis: Actual Situation in Serbia
Get PDFWorldwide quickly enacted UAV/UAS legislative is permanently improving to prevent unpredicted and potentially hazardous activities. Serbian regulations have generally been harmonized with those of the EU and strictly implemented. This Paper investigates Serbian regulatory mechanisms negatively affecting surveying effectivity/efficiency. Respecting the methodology, valorisation criteria are set and problems identified. Research results are graphically presented to mutually compare them and obtain sustainable conclusions
From invariance to difference: architectural drawing in the digital age between structuralism and post-structuralism
Get PDFRadical changes in architectural thinking resulted in shifting the role of drawing in the architectural design process. This paper examines the act of reading the architectural drawing in contemporary design practice. Focusing on the field of humanities, this paper aims to define different perspectives of understanding and interpreting the work of drawing. Various positions of contemporary architectural drawing can be traced by following two parallel lines of development, whose theoretical settings are still important and relevant in the present-day. These pathways share their common ground in Ferdinand de Saussure’s setting of linguistic theory from the late nineteenth century. Architects engaged in the academic work, as well as practitioners, showed great interest for philosophy and new philosophical practices, which later contributed in re-examining the architectural discipline and establishing a new theoretical framework. In the 1960s, due to a change in the architectural paradigm caused by the current anthropocentrism and the breakthrough of the humanities into the architectural discipline, architecture articulated its own trends, building on the premises of French philosophers. The rising interest for philosophers who based their doctrines on the development of linguistic theory generated two overriding methodological directions – structuralism, with a focus on the idea of establishing universal internal structures as cultural foundations, and poststructuralism - as its critique, which shifts focus to radical articulation of the specificity of individual elements. Considering the terms invariance and difference as the basic concepts, the subject of analysis of this paper is an architectural drawing which in the contemporary architectural education as the most meritorious field of research in architectural design, occupies different forms and enjoys manifold interpretations in different contexts
Importance of environment-behavior knowledge in rehabilitation of mass housing: case of Belgrade [predavanje po pozivu štampano u izvodu]
Get PDFThe relevance of this topic reflects the need for redefining the approach to rehabilitation of mass housing as a contribution to social equality in accordance with the current environmental and social issues, as well as with the current environmental and social issues. Recent decades have seen a constant emphasis on the importance of behavioral knowledge and interpretation within architectural theory and practice in order to achieve environmental and cultural sustainability. The assumption is that environment-behavior knowledge can continuously improve architectural response to aspects of the environment, as well as to the needs of contemporary society and culture, the unpredictability of human behavior and the characteristics of the local context.
What this elaboration shows is that the role of the environment-behavior knowledge in the rehabilitation of Belgrade mass housing settlements is reflected in understanding the complexity of applied architectural and urban approaches, and also in the understanding of user needs and the overall complexity of the environment and culture. Mentioned relations are considered at different spatial scales, from the level of the housing unit to the level of neighbourhood and block, both in the inner and outer space. Further, the lecture shows that the residential mass housing architecture of Belgrade has a rich environmental history, which is due to specific historical conditions, resulting in complex, hybrid forms of approaches to the design of the environment. Ultimately, the lecture shows that the rehabilitation of mass housing presupposes the establishment of a sensitive relation to the specific environmental, social and cultural context, as well as shifting the focus to the adaptive logic of architectural practice, revealing the possibilities of transformation, expansion and improvement of social equality