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New generative and AI design methods for transportation systems and urban mobility design, planning, operation, and analysis: contribution to urban computing theory and methodology [apstrakt]
No full textThe paper places its contribution within the domain of architectural and urban computing, artificial intelligence application in urban and architectural studies, or more broadly in spatial and urban planning, analysis/analytics, design, and operation, all considering new methodologies. Having new computational design and problem-solving methods in mind as a primary investigative subject and instrument (AI and generative design methods in particular), the author aimed to test the range of possibilities of their application in the named contribution area, forming corresponding theoretical foundations of thus established design and research conduct. Such an aim demanded an elaborate theoretical review so as to provide the necessary background for understanding the most recent stage of technological development within the digital architectural, urban, and spatial design and computing, valid corresponding terminology, groups of targeted computational design methods, and available software tools for their application, all within the functional systematic cross-disciplinary approach to the construction of design problem-solving methodology with regards to spatial and data/computational sciences. The approach has been interpreted through condensed tabular and diagrammatic information on conducted case studies, used to support, and illustrate stated theoretical objectives. Due to the large area of application, the focus of the more specific inquiries has been narrowed to one of the urban systems and planning concerns - the urban mobility and transportation system - firstly by employing all its modalities, urban infrastructure, and facilities on a larger scale to define operative research environment, and secondly by targeting specific design questions and tasks within the defined domain, including examples of the ways in which they can be modelled as abstract or real-world problems. The Grand Paris transportation network and region have been chosen for the experimental field of operation, while supportive material for establishing generative design problem modelling and solution methodology has been provided through specific tasks addressing network graph design and operationalisation, and urban movement design through selected computational problem-solving methods
Positio(n)
No full textThe second half of the twentieth century has seen dramatic changes in the discipline of architecture: the appearance of myriad new concepts, conceptions, and a sudden expansion of architectural curricula in schools of architecture. Architects and students of architecture are now expected to write, meticulously explain and justify what they do and are doing, publish academic texts about their activities, analyze the work of other architects, produce complicated and extensive doctoral theses. All this has created in architecture an overt need for theory or philosophy, which can be termed the turn to theory or philosophy in architecture. The task of the philosopher is
threefold: to awaken the philosopher in the architect (or perhaps recognize the architect-philosopher), who will then be better capable to thematize their own or joint work with other architects; to produce, construct, and deconstruct, with other architects, a system (a register, order, protocol) of concepts that will in the future be architectonic, such as opening the possibility of an
eminently architectural language or terminology; finally, to discipline or institutionalize architecture, to assist in the essential project of autonomy of the architect and architecture
Contribution to village renewal: redefining the treatment of created values in the public space of rural Serbia
Get PDFУ склопу истраживања генералне потребе ревитализације проблематичног општег стања српских руралних простора, рукопис представља прилог интелектуалном осмишљавању метода и могућности реафирмације постојећих артефаката у сеоском простору. Предметни садржаји су јавног карактера, претежно лоцирани у центрима насеља, већина је у функционалном или егзистенцијалном проблему, и као такви представљају парадигму статуса створених вредности у селима и слике општег социо-просторног стања у руралним подручјима Србије. Рукопис афирмише потребу за методолошким начинима рекултивације напуштених, неадекватно коришћених, а амбијентално и бонитетно вредних затворених и отворених садржаја у јавној сфери руралних насеља. Рукопис брани став да грађевински фонд у руралним подручјима представља потенцијал за задовољавање постојећих потреба, чувајући амбијенталне вредности простора и да није свуда неопходна изградња нових капацитета.As part of research into the general need for revitalization of the problematic general condition of Serbian rural areas,
the manuscript is a contribution to the intellectual design of methods
and the possibility of reaffirming existing artifacts in rural areas. The
contents that is the subject of the work is for public purposes and is
mostly connected to the settlement centres. Most of them are in a functional or existential problem, and as such they represent a paradigm of
the status of created values in the villages and a picture of the general
socio-spatial situation in rural areas of Serbia. A large part of the physical
structure of public facilities in villages is collapsing due to non-use or
inadequate use. By changing the purpose and using them in the spirit
of modern functional requirements and tendencies, these spaces could
be preserved, which would achieve material savings and try to modernize life in the villages, creating the nucleus of a new socialization. The
manuscript affirms the need for methodological ways of recultivation
of abandoned, inadequately used, and environmentally and creditworthy closed and open structures in the public sphere of rural settlements. The manuscript presents four examples of reaffirmation of public contents in different rural areas of Serbia, through the projects
of Master’s students at the Faculty of Architecture in Belgrade. The
contents are completely different in their earlier purposes within the
settlement, but also in anticipated functions and character of use. The
manuscript defends the position that the construction fund in rural
areas represents the appropriate potential for existing needs, preserving
the ambient values of the space and that the construction of new capacities is not necessary everywhere
Urban Climate Governance: Implementation in Belgrade, Serbia
Get PDFUrban areas are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, while simultaneously, also having a significant impact on it. Urban Climate Governance encompasses the ways in which public, private, and civil society actors collaborate to set climate objectives, exercise power, and regulate planning and implementation efforts. There are examples of cities launching projects on their own initiative to address a specific problem caused by climate change. Under the pressure of global climate change, urban areas have become an important testing ground for climate action. Governance is considered a key component of effective and integrated action on climate change. The undertaken work presents an overview of the development trajectory in relation to diverse governance instruments, dominant themes, and approaches in solving the problem of climate change. Research shows that through new theoretical foundations, new instruments appear, and that governance instruments are necessary in order to derive changes in urban systems. The work emphasizes that multilevel governance plays a crucial role in this process, by encouraging actor networks, and especially when adopting financial governance instruments primarily intended for developing countries. This enables the development of untraditional methods for urban governance related to climate change in Serbia. The paper explores the implementation processes of identified governance instruments in the conditions of the local context of Belgrade, a post-socialist city. It aims to understand the role of the actors involved and how the different instruments influence future planning activities concerning climate change. To accomplish that, this study adopts a qualitative approach that investigates externally funded projects related to climate change adaptation currently implemented in Belgrade. The paper relies on desk research on relevant literature, key strategy documents, and pilot projects. These results offer insight into the development of governance instruments for making modest, practical steps towards increasing the climate urban resilience of Belgrade
The Science of Networks: Urban Movement System Design, Analytics, and Navigation
No full textThe science of networks, a relatively young field of research appearing in such a form and definition at the beginning of the 21st century, represents a very powerful area considering the range of subjects to which it contributes and is applied. This science is key for complex systems analysis or analytics (when referring to the (big) data science framework, which now mostly defines its methods and resources (Betty, 2019)) based on the claim that networks encode the interactions between the system’s components (Barabási, 2016) and thus provide insights into the ways complex systems behave, or control the behaviour of the artificially created systems. The area herewith represented through its analytical methods and forms (network graphs and related operations) is the urban transportation system — the Paris Express rail system, including all the categories with their existing lines and extensions currently either in construction, planned, or under consideration in the long term. The network has been created as a background topological environment and geometry for various research operations and generative design tasks. Some of them, such as urban movement path generation or the network’s incremental growth and reconfiguration as a system and the geometry of possible moves (legal actions), will be presented in more detail. The network can be considered both an abstract and real-world environment and situation, susceptible to the research of both gaming strategies for any constructed scenario and designed spatial situation (academic gaming, operational gaming, and heuristic gaming) and problem-solving strategies related to identified real-world design issues. Thus, the main question posed before the presented graph addresses the ways in which it can be operationalised and the methods through which this can be achieved, with special regard to AI
Синтетички преглед архитектонског наслеђа Универзитета у Београду: објекти факултета
Get PDFУ овом прилогу je приказан синтетички преглед архитектонског наслеђа које je пратило потребе, развој и ширење Универзитета у Београду (УБ) као његова тековина од оснивања до данас. Обухват текста подразумева архитектонска остварења за потребе реализације наставе на факултетима, као једну својеврсну типолошку форму објеката. Поред тога, у оквирима самог универзитета налазе се и бројне зграде кое припадау различитим градитељским типологијама и представљају део универзитетског фонда, као
што су: обекти института, библиотека, студентски домови, научни центри, задужбине и друго. Ови објекти функционишу у садејству у зависности од просторне дистрибуције и представљају значајну материјалну базу за развој Универзитета
The disappearance of open public space in the contemporary era: Interior space as space of public interaction
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic represents a trigger that has led to social transformations whose consequences are yet to unfold. Noticeable changes can be observed in behavior patterns, as well as in communication, and space usage, particularly in public areas. The advancement of technology in the 21st century is rapidly altering communication patterns, while the built environment fails to support the spatial requirements of the newly formed lifestyle in the urban context. Increasingly, face-to-face encounters in physical environments are being replaced by interactions in virtual realms. Open public spaces, as places of interaction and public life in the city, are being replaced by the comfort of the user’s personal space of indoor habitat. Human interaction with nature is diminished, thereby influencing low public health and well-being. The benefits of being in a natural environment are overshadowed by the need to fulfill social interactions that take place in virtual spaces within the contemporary context. The aim of this paper is to problematize the qualitative aspects of an interior space of a residential unit as a surrogate for open public space. These tendencies reflect the necessity of interior space changes creating new standards of architectural programming to create new forms of the natural environment to support the health and well-being of users
Industrial Heritage of Belgrade: Brownfield Sites Revitalization Status, Potentials and Opportunities Missed
Get PDFBeing created during the period of intensive industrialization, industrial buildings and landscapes carry importance as birth places of rapid technological progress, social and economic changes, which has established their great significance for modern human history and identity. Termination of their active function causes symptoms of decline to appear gradually, and their number decreases as the time passes. They are often endangered regardless of their protection status. Implementation of adaptive reuse principles allows for less strict approach to conservation practice, and its benefits are demonstrated worldwide. Despite that fact, industrial heritage has not been revitalized enough through adequately treated sites in Serbia. That indicates lack of understanding of the value of this cultural and historical heritage, as well as its suitable future purposes, impossible without some form of active dialog between participants in the planning process. The legal preconditions for this collaboration exist in Serbian regulations, and they are examined in the paper, but other potential causes of the lack of consensus that result in failure are also explored. In Belgrade, industrial brownfields occupy attractive locations, often targeted for market-driven redevelopment. For that reason, the paper explores current practice of revitalizing brownfield sites of industrial heritage in Belgrade. It considers the achievements, probable missed opportunities, and remaining potentials where acquired knowledge can be utilized. Key results of the research define critical points in the planning process for the preservation of values despite the modernity of brownfield sites transformations. The purpose of this paper is to help safeguard industrial landscapes of Belgrade and Serbia, and their sustainable conversion, the most adequate for the present moment, as well as to contribute to urban reconstruction of declining landscapes to which these brownfield sites belong.The research is done under research lab SaRA (Sustainable and Resilient Architecture), University of Belgrade—Faculty of Architecture
Утицај вегетационих модуларних елемената за зидове омотача на енергетски биланс зграде
Get PDFCilj ovog istraživanja je optimizacija fasadnog omotača, arhitektonskog objekta, integracijom vegetacionih modularnih elemenata. U radu se istražuju potencijali vegetacionih zidova u smanjenja utroška energije potrebne za hlađenje objekta u letnjem periodu. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo analizu energetskih specifičnosti vegetacionih zidova i njihovu programsku integrakciju u urbanim gradskim ambijentima. Korišćenje elemenata vegetacionih zidova u arhitekturi otvorilo je nove projektantske mogućnosti i stvorilo izazove za projektante sa ciljem povećanja energetske efikasnosti objekata. U radu se vegetacioni zidovi tretiraju kao elementi zaštite arhitektonskih objekata od toplotnog pregrevanja. Analize su pokazale da vegetacija smanjuje kontaktnu temperaturu površina strukturalnih zidova objekta, dok isparavanje obezbeđuje pasivno hlađenje. Cilj istraživanja je da se ispitaju metode i tehnike, kojima se obezbeđuje široka primena vegetacionih zidova u arhitekturi postojećih i novih objekata kroz ispitivanja i pronalaženja preporuka za unapređenjem termičkih karakteristika fasadnih omotača objekta
The Impact of Mixed Culture on Open Public Spaces in urban areas: A Case Study of Mega - Block 70, New Belgrade
Get PDFPublic spaces are important in the cultural landscape of a city, as they provide opportunities for social interaction, recreation, and civic engagement. The way these spaces are designed and managed has a significant impact on their use and meaning. This paper explores the influence of mixed culture on open public places, focusing on housing mega-blocks – the „Block 70“ in New Belgrade as a case study. Block 70 is a mixed-use development that includes residential, commercial, and cultural facilities. It is located in one of the most prominent areas of New Belgrade, which has undergone significant transformation in recent years. The study uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the cultural influences on the use and perception of open public spaces in Block 70. The paper begins by providing an overview of the theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between culture and open public spaces. It highlights the key concepts of cultural identity, social practices, and the role of the cultural impact seen from the aspects of urban design that is shaped and redefined by diferent cultural trends. The study then presents the results of a survey conducted among the residents of Block 70, first shown in non published paper which examines their perceptions of the cultural influences on urban design in open public spaces. The survey results indicate that the cultural diversity of the residents is reflected in the use and perception of open public spaces in Block 70. The study identifies several cultural factors that influence the use of these spaces, including social norms, gender roles, and cultural traditions. For example, women tend to use the public spaces in Block 70 less frequently than men, due to cultural norms that dictate their roles in open public spaces. The paper also examines the architectural features of Block 70 and their impact on the use and perception of public spaces. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of creating inclusive and accessible open public spaces that reflect the cultural diversity of the community. The findings of this study have implications for urban planners, designers, and policymakers, as they seek to create public spaces that promote social interaction, civic engagement, and cultural exchange.http://doconf.architect.bme.hu