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Data collection methods for assessment of public building stock refurbishment potential
Get PDFImproving the energy characteristics of public buildings in Serbia is a current topic investigated
in two parallel projects carried out by the same research team from University of Belgrade
Faculty of Architecture, which are both distinct in the formation and structuring of databases
and the definition of their methodologies. The first project,Energy Efficiency in Public
Buildings, is supportedbythe GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit)
and the Ministry of Mining and Energy of the Republic of Serbia, and focuses on schools
and preschool facilities; the second project, Empower public authorities to establish
long-term strategies of renovation of public buildings (EmBuild), is part of the Horizon
2020Project. The starting point for both projects is creating a quality and target-oriented
database of energy characteristics of public buildings. The present paper will analyze the methodological
approaches in formation of databases and compare their ultimate goals and results
Architecture as social innovation: education for new forms of professional practice
Get PDFThe subject of this paper is a specific pedagogical model for educating architects with the aim
of contributing to a change in how the professional role of architects is understood in society.
The premise of this model is that an architect’s clients and partners are not just a wide range
of investors, but also include people who live in dire conditions caused by natural disasters
or human activity in urban slums, poor or distant rural areas, refugee camps, or temporary
accommodation. As seen in this model, the main goal of professional activity is to improve the
quality of life of these people and communities and empower them to deal with problems in
the future. The main objective of the pedagogical model is to empower architects by providing
them with the skills and knowledge needed for a shift from the role of service provider to that of
community enhancer. Considering social innovation as a process of innovation that results in
new forms of cooperation, strategies and concepts to meet community needs, as well as this
methodology for socially engaged design and planning, we tend to also position architecture
as social innovation.
The first part of the paper will provide an overview of the modalities of architectural practices
of similar values, educational programs, literature and various types of support. The second
part of the paper will present the pedagogical model and its basic characteristics: (a) focus on
communication and cooperation with local initiatives, public authorities, and the private sector;
and (b) development of entrepreneurial spirit and the ability to raise funds for the execution and
maintenance of the project. The aim is to contribute to the understanding of the project development
process in a real context and support the discovery of different potentials for achieving
various types of sustainable solutions that emerge from cooperation with local initiatives. In the
third part of the article, student works will be presented to illustrate this pedagogical model.
Designed in the context of various developmental problems that Serbia has been dealing with
in recent decades, student projects show how social innovations are reflected in architectural
practice, as they offer new perspectives on old problems and offer new answers to them
Regional hospitals in humid tropical climate - Guidelines for sustainable design
Get PDFDeveloping countries are facing numerous challenges in the process of providing adequate health care to often deprived and diminished social groups. Being a country made up of a mainland territory and five islands in Gulf of Guinea, almost entirely covered by tropical rainforest, with poor road infrastructure, Equatorial Guinea is a showcase of various obstructions in developing effective health care system. The paper explores guidelines for creation of model regional hospital, commissioned by Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, with the aim of achieving high level of replicability through minor program and site-specific adjustments. The demonstrated strategies are applied on a local hospital designed to provide all basic types of health services while retaining a high level of technical independence. The architectural concept was formulated aiming to maximize the use of natural ventilation, daylight and rainwater management, leaving the operation block, laboratory and intensive care unit practically the only parts of the structure that would need mechanical air conditioning. The potential and effectiveness of use of photovoltaic units in enhancing hospital's resilience through on-site energy production was explored. The structure was designed having in mind local climate, culture and customs, thus offering a possibility of strong integration with local community. The building technology was thought over to enable efficient and cost-effective construction and proper resilience for tropical rainforest environment. The result is a structure providing for contemporary, high quality medical service, interpreting local climatic and cultural contextual premises through modern architectural expression
Observe, talk/ask and then make a house: One possibility for designing a Romani house in Belgrade
No full textInformation about informal Romani settlements housing are not found in books or archives. They are found “live”, in settlements. The intent of this paper is to point out that they represent a world of signals that can be detected through the methodological tools of observation and discussion with residents; also and therefore, to create guidelines for operational tools useful for an aware and contemporary design of Romani house. The paper starts from the fact that including cultural components in projects that are meant for Romani housing should also include special spatial requests that refer to the enabling of the development of user’s cultural characteristic. In parallel, the context is completed by the choice that cultural plurality only represents a path to a reciprocal education through the exchange of cultural components whose diversity is accepted as if they were values and that the construction of an adequate physical space dedicated to Romani housing alludes that besides accepting differences (seen as values, not as a value that represents the essence of separation) they also need to be understood. It is in fact this type of treatment of culture that is making a key stride, which is a principal change of the approach to the term culture itself from a humanistic determination to an anthropological determination of the term. In the anthropological definition of the term, culture is not selective, it includes all human activities and elements of heritage; it is not elitist i.e. it is not a characteristic of a small group but of society as a whole and is neutral in value since even culture in the sense of the lifestyle as a whole of a people or a group is equally good. In this key the main hypothesis is that a Romani settlement represents a key source of information on Romani housing, and that it is therefore possible to obtain such information by observing the lifestyle within the settlement and in communicating with the residents of the settlements. The paper will showcase a case study of a Romani settlement using a methodological apparatus that was inspired by the following aims: observe and talk/ask its concept and steps of research, as well as possible designing results that have been achieved in using such a procedure. The purpose of the paper is seen in collecting and archiving findings on housing in Romani settlements, thus achieving a double effect: building bases that will allow good quality planning for the future of the Romani house and the settlement on one hand, and on the other hand their significance for the city and strengthening consciousness about them is intensified
Ispitivanje mogućnosti zaštite i revitalizacije livnice 'Pantelić' u Zemunu
Get PDFThrough the teaching process, students of architecture have the opportunity to examine the problem of preserving the industrial heritage of Belgrade, its historical and urban context, the creation, development, cultural, urban and architectural values, as well as examining possibilities and comparing different approaches to its presentation and modern use. The goal was to devise sustainable solutions which will preserve the cultural and historical values, authenticity and integrity of the Pantelic Foundry complex on the one hand and, on the other hand, provide for its revitalization and quality integration into the immediate urban environment, which, despite the care and neglect preserved certain elements of a recognizable historical setting. Through their proposals, the students of Foundry 'Pantelić' have fulfilled numerous contemporary cultural, educational and artistic contents that are related to its character and significance, and provide it with an active life in the future. Through this study, a contribution was given to the research of the development of industrial architecture of Belgrade, but also the design of the possibility of revitalization and sustainable development.Kroz nastavni proces, studentima arhitekture pruža se mogućnost sagledavanja problema očuvanja industrijskog nasleđa Beograda, njegovog istorijskog i urbanog konteksta, nastanka, razvoja, kulturnih, urbanističkih i arhitektonskih vrednosti, kao i ispitivanja mogućnosti i komparacije različitih pristupa njegovoj prezentaciji i savremenom korišćenju. Zadatak je bio da se osmisle održiva rešenja koja će sa jedne strane očuvati kulturno-istorijske vrednosti, autentičnost i integritet kompleksa livnice 'Pantelić', a sa druge strane obezbediti njenu revitalizaciju i kvalitetnu integraciju u neposredno urbano okruženje, koje je i pored nebrige i zapuštenosti očuvalo pojedine elemente prepoznatljivog istorijskog ambijenta. Putem svojih predloge studenti su kompleks livnice ispunili brojnim savremenim kulturnim, edukativnim i umetničkim sadržajima koji su povezani sa njenim karakterom i značajem, a obezbeđuju joj i aktivan život u budućnosti. Ovom studijom dat je prilog istraživanju razvoja industrijske arhitekture Beograda, ali je podstaknuto i osmišljavanje mogućnosti revitalizacije i održivog razvoja
Procena rizika u građevinarstvu bezbednost i zdravlje na radu
Get PDFThe primary purpose of risk assessment is preventive observation and to prevent work-related injuries, occupational diseases, and all other work-related illnesses. It is known that occupational safety and health is an integral and non-separable part of the organization of work and the performance of all work processes. It is achieved through the application of safety measures at work, prescribed, contracted and in practice enforced by security measures that have undergone their application and verification. This is in a word a set of activities that define workplace safety. The application of risk assessment directly affects safety and health and the protection of the working and environment.Osnovna svrha izrade procene rizika je preventivno sagledavanje i sprečavanje povreda na radu, profesionalnih bolesti kao i svih drugih bolesti u vezi sa radom. Poznato je da je bezbednost i zdravlje na radu sastavni i ne razdvojivi deo organizacije rada i izvođenja svih radnih procesa. Ona se ostvaruje primenom mera bezbednosti na radu, propisanim, ugovorenim i u praksi provrenim merama bezbednosti koje su doživele svoju primenu i proveru. To je jednom rečju skup aktivnosti pomoću kojih je definisana bezbednost na radu. Primenom procene rizika direktno se utiče na bezbednost i zdravlje i zaštitu radne i životne sredine
Remodelling urban planning education for sustainable development: the case of Serbia
Get PDFPurpose - The paper aims to present a pedagogical model tailored to the development of key competences in the urban planning profession in post-socialist transitional countries that is based on the creation of an integrated platform for dialogue and the development of professional competences as part of the process, whereby students produce their final projects. Design/methodology/approach - The pedagogical model is based on the principles of education for sustainable development and focuses on the establishment of a repeatable platform for dialogue between students and mentors, members of the mentoring team, the local community, external members of the consulting team of experts and foreign master's degree programmes, in the process of producing students' projects. The proposed method addresses several dimensions, including: the education of students, teachers, professionals and local experts, the establishment of a network for cooperation and collaboration and the delivery of practical and usable results. Findings - The paper provides a comparative overview of the pedagogical model's application in producing the final master's degree projects of three generations of students, as well as its alignment with the needs of re-defining the role and reach of the profession of urban planner in an environment of post-socialist transition. The model was improved, enhanced and optimised through this process and then corroborated with its practical implementation. Originality/value - The innovative pedagogical model comprises an instrument to enhance the professional capacities of all participants in the production of final master's projects: academics, practitioners and future professionals/students, through discussions of topical issues, innovative modes of work and new professional responses grounded in the local context and tested by a broad range of stakeholders. It is of particular importance for countries in transition experiencing a shift in the paradigm of professional action, especially as the proposed pedagogical model establishes a problem-solving platform that surpasses academia
Governance of resilient cities: the case of Obrenovac
Get PDFKoncept rezilijentnog sistema označava skup raspoloživih resursa i kapaciteta kao odgovor
na poremećaje u vidu izrade/formulisanja i sprovođenja efikasnih strategija prilagođavanja/adaptacije koji omogućavaju sistemu da se izbori sa sadašnjim i budućim događajima.
Jačanje rezilijentnosti urbanih sistema pre svega se odnosi na uspostavljanje efikasnog
upravljanja rizicima od katastrofa. U opštem smislu URK podrazumeva sprovođenje aktivnosti pre, za vreme i nakon katastrofa radi izbegavanja ili ublažavanja posledica katastrofa.
Savremeni koncepti URK-a promovišu promenu prirode donošenja odluka u cilju identifikovanja benefita koncepta samoodrživosti i fokusiranost na razvoj kapaciteta za prilagođavanje klimatskim promenama (UNISDR 2014). Iako suštinska odgovornost za efikasno
URK leži na državnoj upravi, koncept rezilijentnosti počiva na kapacitetima zajednice. To
podrazumeva integraciju aktivnosti društva i institucija, uz snažnu institucionalnu osnovu,
koja se može obezbediti putem: izgradnje kapaciteta, adekvatnog upravljanja, promocije
politika i legislative, informisanja i sprovođenja efikasnih mehanizama koordinacije.
Smatra se da lokalni nivo uprave predstavlja prvu liniju odgovornosti i da je stepen zaštite od
katastrofa direktno zavisan on njenih kapaciteta. Iako su preduslovi za uspešno URK odgovarajuće politike i institucionalni okvir, izgradnja rezilijentnih zajednica postaje jedan od glavnih zadataka lokalne uprave. Lokalne vlasti imaju institucionalnu i političku odgovornost da
zaštite svoje građane i one su prvi nivo upravljanja koji preduzima mere za smanjenje rizika
od katastrofa, priprema odgovore na buduće rizike i reaguje na katastrofe (UNISDR, 2012).
Kako bi se postiglo jačanje rezilijentnosti gradova, pored lokalne samouprave, moraju biti
angažovani svi relevantni stejkholderi: nacionalna uprava, međunarodne i regionalne organizacije, lokalna zajednica, civilno društvo, strukovna udruženja, privatni i korporativni sektor,
donatori i akademska zajednica.
Unapređenje upravljanja rizicima od katastrofa na lokalnom nivou predstavlja poseban
problem u slučajevima zemalja u razvoju, gde su, osim ekonomskih problema, izraženi nedovoljna razvijenost stručnih kapaciteta na nivou lokalne uprave, odsustvo strateškog urbanog razvoja, nizak stepen kontrole izgradnje i pružanja usluga te odsustvo učešća građana u
odlučivanju. U radu je dat pregled najnovijih pristupa za razradu politika upravljanja rezilijentnim gradovima koje se zasnivaju na stavu da rešavanje problemâ smanjenja rizika od
katastrofa treba usmeriti ka jačanju rezilijentnosti sistema u smislu povećanja sposobnosti
gradova i zajednica da se blagovremeno i na efikasan način odupru, apsorbuju, prilagode i
oporave od posledica prirodnih ili stvorenih katastrofa, uz očuvanje i ponovno uspostavljanje bitnih osnovnih struktura i funkcija.Climate change and issues of urban governance
Climate change has in recent years become a key topic for policymakers globally, as well as
an indispensable framework for governance instruments. The warnings issued by the scientific and professional community about the dangers of climate change (IPCC, 2007; IPCC,
2012) are no longer viewed with suspicion, given the increasingly frequent natural disasters
that have been causing great loss of life, destruction and degradation of the environment, massive property damage, and economic losses. The impact of natural disasters on hundreds of
millions of people worldwide has spurred policymakers to take urgent steps to address these
issues appropriately (UNDP, 2012). The common position is that efforts to respond to climate
change ought to be directed at enhancing resilience by improving the ability of cities and
communities to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a natural
hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including the preservation and restoration of their
essential basic structures and functions (UNISDR, 2011).
The resilient system concept and disaster risk management (DRM)
The resilient system concept denotes a set of available resources and capacities that can be
deployed in response to disturbances and that involve the development/formulation and implementation of efficient adjustment/adaptation strategies to allow a system to deal with
current and future events. Enhancing the resilience of urban systems primarily entails establishing efficient DRM. In general, DRM implies taking action before, during, and after
disasters to avoid or mitigate their consequences. Modern DRM concepts promote changes
of the nature of decision-making to ensure that benefits of sustainability are recognised, and
capacity is developed, for adaptation to climate change (UNISDR 2014). Although the ultimate responsibility for efficient DRM rests with public administration, the concept of resilience is founded upon the capacities of the community itself. This implies integration between the activities of society and those of institutions, together with a robust institutional
foundation that can be secured through capacity-building, appropriate governance,
promotion of policies and legislation, provision of information, and implementation of
efficient co-ordination mechanisms. DRM at the local level
Local government is seen as the first line of response, and its capacity is thought to directly
affect the degree of disaster protection available. Although appropriate policies and institutional framework are preconditions for successful DRM, the development of resilient communities is increasingly becoming a primary duty of local authorities. Local governments
have the institutional and political responsibility for protecting their residents, and are the
first level of government to take measures to reduce disaster risk, come up with answers to
future risks, and respond to disasters (UNISDR, 2012). Apart from local authorities, all
other relevant stakeholders must engage to make cities more resilient: these include national governments, international and regional organisations, local communities, the civil society, professional associations, private and corporate sectors, donors, and academia.
Enhancing disaster risk management at the local level is particularly a problem for developing countries, where economic issues are compounded by the lack of professional capacity in local government, absence of strategic urban development, poor oversight of construction and service delivery, and exclusion of citizens from decision-making.
The DRM model as applied in Obrenovac
In May 2014, catastrophic floods struck Serbia and the broader region. This disaster caused
the greatest damage to Obrenovac, a town within the metropolitan area of Belgrade, the
Serbian capital. The floodwaters completely inundated Obrenovac after embankments had
given way along two of the three rivers surrounding the settlement. The floods killed 17
people and forced 25,000 local inhabitants to temporarily evacuate their homes. The damage, as well as relief and recovery costs, ran into billions of euros.
In both Obrenovac and other 24 affected communities in Serbia, the May 2014 flooding was
the consequence of the interaction between natural and man-made factors. The primary natural cause was extreme precipitation, with 100-year recurrence for many river basins and even
1000-year recurrence for some. The most significant man-made aspects were the lack of communication between authorities concerning warnings of massive precipitation and forecasts
indicating that rising water levels would trigger emergency measures; incomplete flood defence systems along riverbanks; and exceptionally poor maintenance of regulated riverbeds
and defensive embankments. Systemic issues mainly involved the lack of investment into
anti-erosion works and afforestation; inadequate spatial and urban planning and illicit construction close to urban watercourses; inadequate waste disposal arrangements that reduced
stream flow and dramatically increased water pollution; etc. (Milosavljevic, 2014).
The damage caused to the members of the public and the environment revealed the true
state of the disaster management sector in Serbia’s towns. The experience with the floods
drew attention to the need to construct a comprehensive risk management system and embrace the concept of resilience as a key framework for spatial planning and development.
Although major advances have been made over the past decade to enhance DRM and
incorporate disaster risk reduction into urban and spatial governance in Serbia (legislation,
strategic documents, state of play reports), legislation remains insufficiently interlinked and
mutually aligned, and governance instruments are still inadequate, as are the human
capacities to implement them, especially at the local level. Development of a DRM model for Obrenovac
‘Disaster Risk Management at the Local Level’ was the title of a final project carried out by
the students of the Integrated Urbanism master’s programme for the academic year
2014/15. Students’ master’s theses and designs were developed in collaboration with the
GIZ-AMBERO project ‘Strengthening of Local Land Management in Serbia’, and focused
on the issue of climate change and its impact on urban development in the context of the
catastrophic flooding that affected Serbia in the spring of 2014. The project relied on How
to Make Cities More Resilient, a handbook published by the United Nations Office for
Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISD, 2012), and the sub-topics highlighted in this document.
The urban municipality of Obrenovac, which suffered most damage in the 2014 floods, was
chosen as the test site for the designs.
Work on students’ assignments was conceptually based on the five-step process identified
in the UNISDR report: 1) Organising and preparing to incorporate the ‘ten essentials’ for
resilient cities; 2) Diagnosis and assessment of the city’s risk; 3) Developing a safe and
resilient city action plan; 4) Implementing the plan; and 5) Monitoring and follow-up. The
students’ works involved the development of the first three steps.
These ‘ten essentials’, as defined in the UNISDR handbook, formed the backbone of the
students’ assignments:
1. institutional and administrative framework;
2. financing and resources;
3. multi-hazard risk assessment;
4. infrastructure protection, upgrading and resilience;
5. protect vital facilities: Education and health;
6. building regulations and land use planning;
7. training, education and public awareness;
8. environmental protection and strengthening of ecosystems;
9. effective preparedness, early warning and response;
10. recovery and rebuilding communities (UNISDR, 2012).
Students’ final works represent a collection of integrated urban designs intended to manage
flood risk in the territory of the Municipality of Obrenovac, and taken together constitute an
outline of Safe and Resilient Action Plan that corresponds to the recommendations of the
UNISDR handbook (Fokdal & Zehner, 2016; Maruna & Čolić, 2015; Maruna et al., 2015;
Čolić et al, 2015)
Safety in social and urban restoration context of today’s cities
Get PDFSince the beginning of the 21st century we have been faced with new, totally different and
complex questions regarding safety in cities. Today, we are not focused anymore on regular
fighting against criminal problems; cities are overwhelmed by all threats, from natural
disasters, poverty and misery to the processes of migration. The goal of this paper is to
study the cause and stimuli and to do some analysis for further research. The goal will be to
make resilient cities where we consider safety the most important factor. Phenomena which
we find in the cities, even if they could not be presumed or planned, will be further investigated. Poverty in cities is something we already fight against, but it is an indicator of future
instability and crime. Development of disaster resilient communities is an element which
has already been worked on globally. By identifying factors of urban renovation, experts should be open to explore the concepts which bring new ideas about urban resistance enforcements. While concept of instable or “zero tolerance” is defined as sensitive to stressors, anti-fragilities are connected with generation of positive answers to damage. Constant
estimation needs to be focused on advantages and weaknesses of unexpected events. When
it comes to migrations, guidelines should follow the American model – almost two centuries of co-existence. It should be pointed out that there is an active political and professional will to create a healthy, strong, and mixed settlement. By multicultural enforcement in public places during urban regeneration and transformation, we should take into
account both local interest, public, private and the new ones