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Warm white versus neutral white LED street lighting: Pedestrians' impressions
No full textThe subjective impressions of pedestrians are necessary in order to decide on the appropriate colour of light to be used for street lighting. Therefore, a pilot project aimed to compare subjective evaluations of the sidewalk illumination under two street lighting installations, realised by LEDs of 3000 K (warm white) and 4000 K (neutral white), was recently conducted in Belgrade. Both installations had comparable sidewalk illuminances as well as other relevant photometric parameters. The evaluation was done through a questionnaire. A group of 139 (61 male and 78 female) respondents, all of them university students, was asked to grade both lighting installations for the sidewalk light intensity, the appearance of human faces, the colour of light and the colour rendering as well as the overall impression. According to the median values, the 3000 K LED installation was considered better than the 4000 K installation for all aspects assessed as well as the overall impression. Although the survey results convincingly showed a preference for 3000 K LEDs for this comparison, additional research is needed using a more representative sample of people and a wider range of locations before a definite conclusion can be reached
Re-use of historic buildings and energy refurbishment analysis via building performance simulation a case study
Get PDFThis paper analyses the possibility to apply energy refurbishment measures in restored historic buildings in order to ensure reuse. The objective of the paper is to provide an appropriate methodology for the structural restoration of historic buildings, their re-use and sustainable energy refurbishment in accordance with current needs and conservation principles. The study provides the analysis and evaluation of the realized goals regarding energy refurbishment and energy efficiency. The presented historic buildings belong to Hilandar Monastery, Mount Athos, Greece. Mount Athos has been listed in UNESCO World Heritage Site for decades. The paper deals with the expert analysis of abandoned and devastated structures included in the Haybarn Complex. This paper provides a positive outcome of the performed restoration in terms of energy refurbishment and repurpose, since these buildings were turned into unique accommodation facilities for visitors. This accomplishment can be seen as a useful recommendation for improving energy efficiency of historic buildings during their restoration. All the undertaken methods are in accordance with the environmental protection requirements. This study is a practical observation and analysis of energy refurbishment in the field of restoration of listed buildings. This certainly is the most important contribution of this paper. All energy efficiency measures and renewable energy sources were carried out in compliance with conservation requirements and visual authenticity of historic structures. Assessment and analysis of energy efficient refurbishment via building performance simulation method and energy efficiency optimization was applied to several different models of restoration that was carried out in the Haybarn Complex
Dijaloški i javni prostor - participativni pristup urbanom dizajnu
Get PDFOpen public spaceis usually seen as physical, but also dialogic space that promotes social responsibility and affects the quality of life of citizens. Public participation in planning and design of such spaces has been observed as a fundamental emanation of democracy. This paper considers the effects of applying participatory approach to the urban design of open public spaces as a practical experiment in teaching. Different levels and methods of participation were used in order to identify main problems and potentials for the use of public space, formulate goals and priorities, and re-evaluate the concepts of urban design. Acquiring knowledge is considered to be the most important result of a dynamic approach, directed towards learning and achieving new skills. Thus, this paper suggests that the capacity development through participation may be seen as a basis for the future community development, and longitudinal care fort he public space as common good.Otvoreni javni prostori se uglavnom posmatraju kao fizički, ali i kao dijaloški, prostori koji podstiču društvenu odgovornost i utiču na kvalitet života u datom lokalnom kontekstu. Učešće javnosti u planiranju i dizajnu takvih prostora se već duži niz godina posmatra kao osnovna emanacija demokratije. Ovaj rad razmatra efekte primene participativnog pristupa urbanom dizajnu otvorenih javnih prostora kao praktičnog eksperimenta u nastavi. U procesu urbanog dizajna su korišćeni različiti nivoi i metode participacije kako bi se prepoznali glavni problemi i potencijali u korišćenju javnih prostora, formulisali ciljevi i prioritetne aktivnosti za njihovo uređenje, kao i reevaluirali početni koncepti. U ovom radu se saznanje sagledava kao najznačajni rezultat dinamičkog pristupa, usmeravanja na razvoj novih znanja i sposobnosti. S tim u vezi, sugeriše se da se razvijanje kapaciteta kroz participaciju može posmatrati i kao osnova za budući razvoj zajednice i brigu o javnom prostoru kao zajedničkom dobru
E(nergy) p(erformance) c(ertificate) of buildings and dwellings Influence of Disposition and Orientation
Get PDFFollowing the guidance set by the Directive on the energy performance of buildings (recast) (EPBD2), current regulations in Serbia which refer to the issue of energy efficiency and energy certification of buildings provides an opportunity of certification of selected unit of a building, such as a dwelling. This measure was set in order to make it possible for owners or tenants of the building or the building unit to assess and compare its energy performance. From the user's perspective this measure is very important since, apart from reviewing the quality or the deficiencies of space in which they live, it would be an important parameter of economic evaluation of the apartment in the future. As energy performance of the apartment is not a priori identical to that of the whole building, the paper will analyze and compare these values for different positions in a horizontal and vertical plan of the same apartment within the building. Comparison of the results obtained for individual dwellings and for a building as a whole, will provide insight into the extent to which the disposition and the orientation of the apartment affect its energy performance
Nail metal connector plate - load-bearing capacity of connector in function of nail-to-plate connection rigidity
No full textThis paper deals with the results of experimental determination of load-bearing capacity of structural timber connections realized by nail metal connector plates, in the function of nail to steel plate connection rigidity. In the first group of test samples, the nails are embedded in pre-drilled holes in the steel plate. In the second group, the nails are embedded in pre-drilled holes and then the head of nail is welded to steel plate by its circumference. The main originality of the study is reflected in the achievement of rigidity of the connection of nails and the sleet plate, that is, in provision of rotation resistance, which leads to the plastic hinge formation at the surface of the steel plate, and thus to the increase of connection ductility. The study showed to what extent the degree of nail-to-plate connection rigidity affects the load-bearing capacity of structural timber member connections. Experimental testing was conducted in accordance with the provisions of Eurocode 5
Assessing accessibility and transport infrastructure inequities in administrative units in Serbia's Danube corridor based on multi-criteria analysis and GIS mapping tools
Get PDFThe Danube Regions, especially the sub-national units of governance, must be ready to play an active role in spatial development policies. A precondition for this is good accessibility and the coordinated development of all transport systems in the Danube corridor. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a multi-criteria model for potential decision making related to the evaluation of transportation accessibility in Serbia's Danube Corridor. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), based on maps, indicate the existing counties' transport infrastructures inequities (between well-connected and isolated counties in terms of accessibility to central places). Through the research, relevant indicators have been identified. This provides an outline of transportation perspectives regarding the development achieved and also fosters the increase of transportation accessibility in some peripheral Serbian Danube administrative units - counties (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics level 3 - NUTS 3)
Tradicija kao podsticaj savremenoj arhitekturi u ruralnim područjima
Get PDFArchitecture in rural areas has always been a represent of the specific culture and region to which it originally belonged. Through the specificity of the construction and design the regional characteristics of the area, traditions, elements of ethnographic heritage, values of cultural-historical context and so on were originally shown. Noting that it was also the result of the work of anonymous builders, special attention was paid to the rational approach to building, unifying the values of everyday needs of the population for whose needs it was built. In that sense, it was representing the architecture in context. Modern architectural practice, on the other hand, has made many attempts to introduce new modes of construction and architecture which largely do not affect the heritage values of vernacular architecture. Or they have, but to the extent that they grow into a kitsch and inappropriate use of elements and motifs of traditional architecture, which certainly degrades the real values that have been inherited for decades. Research in this regard is aimed at to point out the importance of preserving and correct reinterpretation of the principles of traditional and vernacular architecture, while contributing to the preservation of cultural identity rather than falling into a certain kind of professional and artistic formalismArhitektura u ruralnim područjima oduvek je bila reprezent kulture podneblja kome je izvorno pripadala. Kroz specifičnost gradnje i oblikovanja iskazivane su regionalne karakteristike područja, tradicije, elementi etnografskog nasleđa, kulturno-istorijskog konteksta i tome sl. Napominjući da je ujedno bila rezultat rada anonimnih graditelja, posebna pažnja bila je posvećena racionalnom pristupu građenja, objedinjavajući vrednosti svakodnevnih potreba stanovništva za čije potrebe se gradilo. U tom smislu činila je arhitekturu konteksta. Savremena arhitektonska praksa, sa druge strane, iznedrila je pokušaje uvođenja novih načina gradnje i arhitekture koja u velikoj meri nema nekih posebnih dodirnih tačaka sa tradicionalnim graditeljskim nasleđem. Ili ima u meri da prerasta u kič i neprimereno korišćenje elemenata i motiva tradicionalne arhitekture, što svakako degradira stvarne vrednosti koje su se baštinile decenijama unazad. Istraživanje u tom smislu ima za cilj da ukaže na značaj očuvanja i pravilne reinterpretacije principa tradicionalne narodne arhitekture, doprinoseći istovremeno očuvanju kulturnog identiteta umesto zapadanja u određenu vrstu stručno-umetničkog formalizma
Environmentally-based structural design criteria for buildings
Get PDFActivities related to buildings contribute to a large degree to environmental degradation. It is necessary to reduce the negative environmental impact and resource consumption throughout the life cycle of the building. The aim is to optimize building performances in accordance with the integrated design objectives. The building structure, along with other elements of architectural space, determines the performances of the building. The building structure should be designed and evaluated as a sub-system of the building, whose behaviour is directed towards the aim of system-building ecological quality. This paper deals with the analysis of structural design in accordance with integrated design objectives, which are derived from quantitative and qualitative indicators of ecological quality of building, within the criteria of environmental protection throughout the life cycle of the building. The overall objective is to reduce harmful emissions to the air, water and soil, as well as to increase the efficiency of resource use, that is, to reduce the intensity of their use. Based on subject analysis, the environmentally-based criteria for the design and evaluation of building structures are derived, in the function of creating the environmentally acceptable building solutions. The present analysis points to the necessity of applying a complex and systemic approach to structural design, in function of achieving the ecological quality of buildings
Identifikacija i klasifikacija braunfild lokacija na teritoriji Podunavlja u Srbiji
Get PDFThe identification and classification methodology of brownfield locations in the territory of seven settlements in Danube region in Serbia are presented in the paper toward the use of adaptive reuse regeneration method. Identification of brownfield locations is based on analysis of different plans, strategies of sustainable development and existing databases. This locations are classified according to original uses of existing buildings and planned uses. The classification is based on analysis of proper parts of plans for each settlement which refer to existing and predominantly planned uses. The objectives of research are related to creating an overview of locations for potential investments which allows further researches and access to regeneration projects that realize concurrently, which is of significance for development of Danube region in Serbia, generally. By classification, the research is directed to reconsideration of uses planning process(urbanistic aspect), compatibility of uses and selection of regeneration method for the buildings which are out of use (architectural aspect).U radu je prikazana metodologija identifikacije i klasifikacije braunfild lokacija na teritoriji sedam naselja u Podunavlju u Srbiji u cilju primene mera regeneracije zasnovanih na prilagođavanju potrebama nove namene postojećih objekata koji su van upotrebe. Identifikacija braunfild lokacija se zasniva na analizi različitih nivoa planova, strategija održivog razvoja za pojedinačna naselja i postojećih baza podataka. Ove lokacije su klasifikovane prema prvobitnim namenama zatečenih objekata i planiranim namenama. Klasifikacija je sprovedena na osnovu analize delova odgovarajućih planova pojedinačnih naselja koji se odnose na postojeće i planirane pretežne namene. Ciljevi istraživanja se odnose na formiranje pregleda lokacija za potencijalne investicije koji omogućava dalja istraživanja i uvid u projekte regeneracije koji se istovremeno odvijaju, što je od značaja za razvoj područja Podunavlja u Srbiji u celosti. Klasifikacijom se istraživanje usmerava ka preispitivanju procesa planiranja namena (urbanistički aspekt) i razmatranju kompatibilnosti namena i izbora mere regeneracije za objekte van upotrebe (arhitektonski aspekt)
Изложбене праксе архитектуре у Југославији и југословенски културни простор од 1945. до 1991.
Get PDFThe subject of the proposed research are architecture exhibitions that were organized within the framework of socialist Yugoslavia in the period after the Second World War. Having in mind the growing number of researches that are related to architectural exhibitions, as a special form of manifestations on a global scale from one, and researches relating to the history of socialist Yugoslavia, with a special emphasis on architecture and urbanism, on the other side, exhibitions in question are considered as collective activities whose research allows insight into the broader context of social, economic, political and cultural events within the post-war Yugoslavia, and the status that architecture has had within them. The focus of the research is on the potential of the exhibition to be part, and at the same time to shape the discourse of architecture primarily as a place of debate between the architectural profession and the public, or as a place of promotion or criticism of ideas within the domain of architecture. Architectural exhibitions will be seen as a cause, but also as a consequence of certain changes and developments in a wider social, cultural, political and economic context. Defined in this way, the framework of the proposed research allows additional research and analysis of topics of exhibition practice in the domain of architecture, as well as the modalities of post-war architecture in Yugoslavia. During the discussion of exhibition practices, the exhibitions are not analyzed as isolated events of the presentation of architectural works in certain periods of socialist Yugoslavia, but as a framework for production, reception and evaluation of architecture, through analysis of the entire process of organization of exhibitions, selection criteria, thematic framework and place of exibiting. By researching the exhibitions of architecture created within socialist Yugoslavia at all stages of its existence, as a larger interdependent system, phenomena and changes within the theory and practice of architecture can be monitored, which can show us the status of architecture in the Yugoslav society and what it was like her role within the Yugoslav cultural space.Предмет истраживања су изложбе архитектуре које су организоване у оквиру социјалистичке Југославије у периоду након Другог светског рата. Имајући у виду све већи број истраживања која се односе на изложбе архитектуре, као посебну форму манифестација на глобалном нивоу са једне, и истраживања која се односе на историју социјалистичке Југославије, са посебним нагласком на архитектуру и урбанизам који су настали на том простору, са друге стране, изложбе су разматране као колективне активности чијом се анализом омогућава увид у шири контекст друштвених, економских, политичких и културних дешавања у оквиру Југославије након Другог светског рата, и статуса који је архитектура имала у оквиру њих. Фокус истраживања је на потенцијалу изложби да истовремено буду део, али и да обликују дискурс архитектуре првенствено као место дебате између архитектонске струке и јавности, односно као место промоције или критике идеја у оквиру домена архитектуре. Изложбе архитектуре биће посматране као узрок, али и као последица одређених промена и дешавања у ширем друштвеном, културном, политичком и економском контексту. Дефинисан на овај начин, оквир предложеног истраживања омогућава да се теме изложбених пракси у домену архитектуре, као и модалитети послератне архитектуре у Југославији, додатно истраже и анализирају. Приликом разматрања изложбених пракси, изложбе се не анализирају као изоловани догађаји презентације архитектонских дела у појединим раздобљима социјалистичке Југославије, већ као оквир за производњу, рецепцију и евалуацију архитектуре, кроз анализу целокупног процеса организације изложби, укључујићи критеријум селекције, тематски оквир и место одржавања. Посматрањем изложби архитектуре, насталих у социјалистичкој Југославији у свим фазама њеног постојања, као већег међузависног система, могу се пратити појаве и промене у теорији и пракси архитектуре, које нам могу показати какав је статус имала архитектура у југословенском друштву и каква је била њена улога у југословенском културном простору