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Architectural creation and its influence on humans
Get PDFComfort is a very complex subject and can be viewed as a physical, psychological, and socio-
cultural element in the design of the living or working space.The relationship between
architecture and people is very multiplex and its quality is perceived through pleasantness.
Contemporary approach in architecture is defined for energy efficiency and environmental responsibility
and thus introduces new space organization schemes, functional patterns, and design
and construction technologies, mainly requiring creation of new materials.But the process
is bi-directional; apart that architectural solutions meet human needs they create new ones.
Comfort is also associated with human health.According to the World Health Organization,
human health is defined not just as the absence of disease but in terms of a total sense of
physical, mental and social well-being. In order to find the criteria for comfort assessment, it
is necessary to identify all factors that affect the users and their experience of space. Factors
that cause people’s dissatisfaction in the working or living space are defined as stressors. The
paper refers to the consideration of the influence of some elements of design and construction
of office buildings on the feeling of comfort of employees.The research is focused on assess
how employees evaluate the achieved comfort in the case of different office types and facade
technologies.This research discusses the questionnaire created by authors in order to clarify
the sources of stressors, and the effects that these stressors have on human behaviour, to his
personality, especially on oral hygiene
Cultural landscape of ancient Viminacium and modern Kostolac – creation of a new approach to the preservation and presentation of its archaeological and industrial heritage
Get PDFViminacium, once an important Roman city and a legionary fortress near the Danube, situated
in the villages of Stari Kostolac and Drmno, in Serbia, near a strip coal mine and a power
plant, today is the most developed archaeological park in Serbia and is visited by many tourists.
However, the future sustainable development of the wider area requires the creation of a
more comprehensive approach to the presentation of its archaeological and industrial heritage,
connecting Viminacium and other historical traces into a cultural landscape where industrial
progress, heritage preservation and modern tourism are linked
Informal planning: Towards promoting resilient governance in Greece
No full textDue to a controversial historical and political background and the prolonged socioeconomic crisis, the culture of collaboration and dialogue is not cultivated at any governance level in Greece. On the contrary, the conventional self-financed real-estate development model is deeply rooted within Greek society—planning regulation supports greenfield development instead of implementing urban renewal or compact-city policies. As a result, Greek cities are affected by sprawl and, often, illegitimate development tendencies. In order to effectively cope with such urban problems, there is an idea of introducing a communicative rationality approach—a tool towards promoting a resilient governance system. However, since collaborative dialogue, networks and trustful relationships among the relevant players build the core of communicative rationality, it is rather challenging to implement an approach in Greece such as a fuzzy-governance context. The paper revolves around two main questions: How can tailor-made initiatives transcend the current sociopolitical obstacles in Greece and contribute to resilient spatial development? How could the country absorb the social, political and intellectual capital in practice that is produced by collaborative initiatives? The central part of the research is the case study presenting the informal planning method (called the Test Planning Process), applied for the first time in the Greek planning context in the city of Patras. Elucidating the role of various actors involved in the process, the paper shows how collaboration in consecutive steps, based on expertise and impartial participation, may reverse irrational decisions, thus promoting the gradual development of an informal approach to spatial planning
Material Aspect of Energy Performance and Thermal Comfort in Buildings
Get PDFModern design and construction strives to establish an appropriate relationship between
three characteristic poles: man – the user, the building, and the environment. This chapter
seeks to highlight this problem by considering the relevant characteristics of the building’s
thermal envelope, i.e. the impact that the choice of materials has on the behaviour of the
building as a whole. Today, we are intrigued by the behaviour of a building as a system,
mostly through the prism of the amount of energy it consumes during its existence.
On the one hand, this leads us to the need for adequate knowledge of the basic principles
of building physics, and on the other, to the awareness of the relevant properties of
the materials that we use in the construction process, in order to meet the comfort
requirements of the user. Although this chapter emphasises the problem of meeting the
thermal comfort requirements, in the example of the review and analysis of characteristic
types of residential buildings in the Belgrade area, the scope of meeting the overall comfort
requirements has been considered, as well as the interdependence that exists between
different types of comfort (thermal, indoor air, sound, and light)
Approach to Design for Resilience to Climate Change
Get PDFAbstract The occurrence of frequent shifts in weather conditions and extreme weather and climate
events brings numerous direct and indirect consequences for the built environment,
increases the possibility for disaster occurrence, and accordingly sets new challenges
for contemporary architecture. The design focus on climate change mitigation, i.e.
on sustainable and, above all, energy efficient buildings, therefore needs to be expanded
to strengthen the capacity of such buildings to withstand climate change manifestations
while remaining functional. To design for optimal climate change-related performance
of buildings, now and in the future, a resilience scenario is needed. This work analyses
climate change complexity and dynamics as key factors that articulate the design strategy
for climate-resilient buildings. Based on the relevance of reviewed risks, variability,
and uncertainty regarding climate change, this work maps a generic design framework,
explains the meaning of ‘transposed regionalism’, and discusses the relationship between
resilience and the adaptation of buildings in (un)predictable climate futures
Translatio Imperii Revisited in the Balkans: Interpretation of Serbian Past and Imperial Imagination, 1878-1941
No full textOver the course of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, Serbian scholarship developed not only a highly ambiguous and complex model of perception of the Eastern Roman Empire, but it also evinced a sense of determinism referring to the political and cultural goals of modern Serbia as a successor to a medieval Serbian state. Yet the most conspicuous evidence of this Serbo-Byzantine discourse, which was based on both the renovatio and translatio doctrines, lay in the sphere of art and architecture. It was the architectural heritage of medieval Serbia, comprising of churches and monasteries dotting the territories of Serbia proper, Kosovo, Montenegro and Macedonia, that represented a basic link with a suitable imperial past of the nation, a vivid reminder of the nation’s former glory. Having been initially perceived as “Byzantine”, and later valued as truly authentic, Serbian architectural monuments of the Middle Ages were systematically nationalized over the course of the late nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century to became the epitomes of the Serbian variant of translatio
In front of the byzantine purple: visualization of the nation at the 2nd international congress of byzantine studies in Belgrade in 1927
Get PDFDespite the development of Byzantine studies in the field of art and architecture in the early twentieth-century Balkans, the complex historical status and ideological relevance of Byzantium remained in both historiography and political culture. This was particularly evident at the International Congresses of Byzantine Studies spectacularly hosted by the Balkan capitals in the interwar period. This article discusses the ideological and political aspects of the second congress held in Belgrade in 1927, expressed in the visual staging of the opening ceremony. The text acknowledges that a dual ideological structure of the cultural and political continuity of Byzantium in medieval Serbia and, on the other hand, of a modern Yugoslav afterlife of the “Serbo-Byzantine” Empire, was a conceptual framework not only of the congress itself and its public presentation, but also of the historical imagination in Serbia at the beginning of the XX century that was heavily relied on the interpretation of medieval art and architecture
Yugoslavism through the Syntax of Classicism: WWI Memorials in Belgrade and Ljubljana, 1931-1939
Get PDFUnlike most of the post-WWI newly established and old nation-states, the multiethnic Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (from 1929 the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) had its own ideological raison d'être in the idea of a simultaneously composite and primordial nation. The ideology of primordial Yugoslavism was a complex set of ideas referring to the multiethnic community of Yugoslavs — sharply divided not only by culture, but also by the experience in the Great War — seeking a cohesive national culture. The idea of a single, primordial nation, united by common descent and future prospects, was based on the mythologization of the people's original unity, as well as obliteration of cultural, religious and, most importantly, political differences. In this respect, the symbolic legacy of classicism had much to offer for the cultural imagination of Yugoslavism. The examples include: Roman Verhovskoj's Monument and Crypt to the Defenders of Belgrade (1931), the nearby Memorial to the Russian Soldiers fallen in the war (1934), Ivan Meštrović's Tomb of the Unknown Soldier on avala near belgrade (1934-1938) and Edvard Ravnikar's Ossuary of War Victims (1937-1939) in Ljubljana
Variable Scales of Architecture – from Object to the Territory: Notes for the Manifest
Get PDFFor the future development of the cities in the light of climate change it is necessary to have
clear guidelines (some kind of manifest) that would include principles of resilience on different
scales. These principles must vary in size, from micro to macro scale. In order to achieve the
resilience of the city in its various scales (micro and macro), it is necessary to provide the possible
approaches for the operation within the variable scales of architecture – from micro to macro scale,
from object to the territory. This is precisely in accordance with the aim of this research paper – to
give Notes for the future manifest for the formation of these principles. The manifesto is viewed
differently from the strategy – it should serve like a guideline, but not the instruction. Therefore, the
principles that maintain openness, flexibility, and capacity for adapting to different conditions
(which is one of the basic characteristics of resilience) are examined. For purpose of this research,
the territory of Belgrade was selected as an experimental field of activity, or even more precise,
zones of dominant naturalness, such are Zvezdara Forest, Košutnjak and/or Park Ušće
Daylight utilisation potentials of highly glazed individual office spaces in Belgrade climate condition
Get PDFOffice buildings have high standards for lighting requirements, which greatly contribute to high lighting energy consumption. Daylight utilization is one of the means to reduce it. The goal of this paper is to evaluate daylight utilization po-tentials in Belgrade climate in order to generate initial design guideline for high-ly glazed small, individual office spaces. Daylight availability and its lighting en-ergy implications are analyzed using computer simulation tool DIVA for Rhino. Selected individual office space is modelled as a narrow rectangular space, sidelit and highly glazed. Parametric analysis was carried out for: four different glazing ratios (50, 60, 70, and 85%), four glazing types with different visible transmittance properties (80, 72, 62, and 54%), and four different major orienta-tions. Since this analysis is evaluating daylight utilization potentials, no shades or external obstructions were considered. The major results of this study indicate high potential for daylight utilization in office buildings in Belgrade. Daylight utilization in single offices is reaching its maximum in model with 70% window-to-wall ratio for all office orientations except north orientation, where daylight utilization is reaching its maximum at maximum window-to-wall ratio. Also, north orientated spaces have highest benefits from utilization of useful diffuse daylight. Direct sunlight and size and shape of façade aperture above working plane are determining factors for utilization of daylight in office spaces