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From Space to Satisfaction: Investigating Architectural Interior Determinants of Quality Work Environments
No full textThis study investigates the relationship between architectural attributes of workspaces and employee satisfaction, situating its inquiry within the broader context of post-pandemic hybrid work models and the evolving understanding of territoriality in organizational environments. Drawing on the social production of space and the multidimensional framework of Quality of Work Life (QWL), this research employs a quantitative, questionnaire-based methodology across three diverse corporate settings in Belgrade, Serbia. A total of 124 participants took part in the survey, representing the logistics (Fercam), IT (UBConnect), and healthcare (Medigroup) sectors. The survey integrates validated instruments—the Workspace Characteristics Scale (WCS) and the Workspace Satisfaction Scale (WSS)—to assess the impact of 12 variables and spatial features, reflecting functional, sensory, and sociological dimensions. Multiple regression analyses reveal that aesthetics, flexibility, and a sense of belonging consistently emerge as significant predictors of workspace satisfaction, with sector-specific variations observed across the cases. Notably, the findings underscore the importance of aligning spatial design with organizational values and user expectations while also highlighting the nuanced roles of sociological and psychological dimensions. The results offer practical relevance for architects and interior designers, providing insights into how design strategies tailored to user needs and sector-specific cultures can foster more effective workplace environments. This study concludes that evidence-based, multidimensional design strategies are essential for fostering well-being and productivity in contemporary work environments, demonstrating the value of aligning design with user expectations to enhance organizational outcomes. It recommends further research into the interplay between flexibility and belonging as determinants of workplace satisfaction
Aesthetic Theories and their Paths in Architecture: Milutin Borisavljević and his Scientific Approach to Aesthetics of Architecture
No full textAesthetics as a philosophical discipline emerged in the 18th century, though key aesthetic questions were already present in its pre-philosophical phase in antiquity. The task of separating architectural aesthetic thought from the broader development of philosophical aesthetics remains largely unfinished, with few architects having addressed it directly. One of the pioneers in this area was Milutin Borisavljević, who, in the 1920s, earned his doctorate at the Sorbonne in Paris in the field of aesthetics. Borisavljević focused on the aesthetic experience of architecture and laid the foundation for studying aesthetics of architecture on scientific grounds. While philosophical aesthetics maintained a speculative and deductive research apparatus, Borisavljević’s approach prioritized experimentation as the most reliable and objective method. He developed an original aesthetic framework grounded in experimental psychology, visual perception physiology, and neurological studies. In his exploration of the aesthetic experience of architecture, Borisavljević paid particular attention to phenomena such as harmony, composition, rhythm, proportion, symmetry, and asymmetry. Seeking to establish the laws governing the sensory experience of architecture, he remained faithful to the classical tradition of the École des Beaux-Arts, applying its principles in practice through numerous residential buildings and villas constructed in Belgrade between the two world wars. This paper examines the early formation of aesthetic thought beginning in antiquity, tracing the relationship between architecture and nature, as well as between architecture and human nature — a central focus of Borisavljević’s scientific aesthetics of architecture. The enduring challenge of defining criteria and rules for explaining architectural beauty and its sensory effects on humans continues to inspire, enriching the dialogue between engineering and art
A Methodological Framework for Integrated Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Cost of Passive Energy Renovation of Residential Buildings in Serbia
No full textThis paper develops a methodological framework for the integrated assessment of life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costs (LCC) in the decision-making process for passive energy renovation of multi-family residential buildings in Serbia. The proposed framework enables a systematic selection of building materials and components for energy renovation, taking into account both the environmental footprint and the total costs over the life cycle of the building after renovation. The methodological framework consists of seven steps. The first step involves calculating the operational energy of the existing building, analyzing the total energy consumption required for the building’s functionality, including heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting, and electrical appliances. Next, passive energy renovation scenarios are defined, and various material and assembly proposals for improving energy efficiency are formulated. The next step involves calculating the embodied energy for each renovation scenario, considering the energy required for material extraction, production, transportation, installation, maintenance, and recycling. This is followed by a simulation-based calculation of operational energy for each renovation scenario and the determination of potential energy savings. Subsequently, the environmental impact of materials is evaluated through a life cycle assessment of selected materials and assemblies. In parallel with the life cycle assessment, a life cycle cost analysis is conducted to assess the long-term economic aspects of energy renovation from the moment of renovation until the end of the building’s life cycle. Finally, the results are integrated to support optimal decision-making by analyzing all previous steps to determine the best material choices for achieving both environmentally and economically sustainable energy renovation. The aim of this research is to provide an applicable framework for assessing the environmental impacts and life cycle costs of a building from the renovation phase to the end of its life cycle, facilitating the advancement of sustainable energy renovation strategies for multi-family residential building
Handbook for Children- and Family-Friendly Design of Open Urban Spaces [11th International Landscape Architecture Exhibition, 2025] [Commendation]
No full textДати приручник је похваљен у категорији "Публикације" на 11. Међународном салону пејзажне архитектуре у Београду, 13.06.2025. године. Ова публикација пружа вредан и свеобухватан водич за креирање приступачних, безбедних и инклузивних јавних простора прилагођених деци и породицама. Кроз партиципативни приступ и мултидисциплинарну анализу приручник промовише урбане просторе који подржавају друштвени развој и добробит. Представља применљив алат за градове који теже демографској и социјалној одрживости.
Приручник за дизајн отворених простора града по мери деце и породице развијен је као део пилот-пројекта „Људи чине град”, који реализује УНДП у Србији уз подршку Министарства за бригу о породици и демографију. Пројекат је усмерен на јачање капацитета градова средње
величине који се суочавају са негативним демографским трендовима, стављајући децу и породицу у фокус будућег развоја. Приручник промовише мере за унапређење јавних простора као што су дечја игралишта, дворишта школа и вртића, градски паркови и пешачке зоне, водећи рачуна о њиховој угодности, доступности, инклузивности и безбедности. Процес израде приручника укључивао је урбану партиципацију, а у њему су учествовали
представници локалних јавних предузећа и управе, као и запослени у васпитним и образовним установама. Процес кокреације спроведен је с примарним корисницима простора — децом и родитељима — који су активно учествовали у дефинисању приоритета и обликовању простора у којима свакодневно бораве.This handbook was commended in the "Publications" category at the 11th International Landscape Architecture Exhibition in Belgrade, on June 13, 2025. This publication provides a valuable and comprehensive guide to creating accessible, safe and inclusive public spaces that are child and family friendly. Through a participatory approach and multidisciplinary analysis, the handbook promotes urban spaces that support social development and well-being. It is an applicable tool for cities striving for demographic and social sustainability.
The Handbook for Children- and Family-Friendly Design of Open Urban Spaces was developed as part of the pilot project People Make the City, implemented by UNDP in Serbia with the support of the Ministry for Family Care and Demography. The project aims to strengthen the capacities of medium-sized cities facing negative demographic trends and to place children and families at the centre of future development. The handbook promotes measures to improve public spaces such as playgrounds, school and kindergarten yards, parks and pedestrian zones, focusing on their comfort, accessibility, inclusiveness, and safety. The development process involved urban participation, engaging representatives of local public enterprises and administrations as well as staff from educational and childcare institutions. The co-creation process was carried out with the primary users of these spaces — children and parents — who actively participated in defining priorities and shaping the spaces they use on a daily basis
Brownfields Data as a Spatial Resource for Urban Planning: A Banjaluka Case Study
No full textIn the post-industrial era, many cities have experienced the
decline of traditional industries, leading to the widespread
emergence of brownfields. Abandoned industrial sites represent
a significant spatial resource, and their regeneration is
considered an opportunity for sustainable urban development.
Thus, spatial strategies for sustainable brownfield regeneration
call for a thorough understanding of the spatial character and
distribution of brownfields in a city. In the context of the City
of Banjaluka (Bosnia and Herzegovina), this topic has not
been researched, nor have brownfields been identified and
mapped at the city level. Based on historical data and scientific
literature, industrial brownfields in Banjaluka are mapped
using available GIS data and further analysed to determine
their spatial distribution and characteristics. This research
shows an uneven distribution of agglomerated and dispersed
brownfields within the city and the existence of various types
of brownfields arising from their relationship with the city,
their environment, and each other. The research contributes
to the spatial characterisation of brownfields by defining
a spatial analysis model based on the theory of industrial
location. Moreover, the research affirms the need for more
substantial consideration of brownfields in the urban and
spatial planning process
The art of construction: 60 years of existance for the structural systems and spatial structures course at the University of Belgrade – Faculty of Architecture [47th Salon of Architecture, 2025]
No full textИзложба поводом обележавања 60 година предмета Конструктивни системи и Просторне структуре носи назив УМЕТНОСТ КОНСТРУИСАЊА. Називом се сумира приступ који је академик Злоковић користио у свом истраживачком и стручном раду, а који је 60-тих година прошлог века успешно пренео и у поље едукације на Архитектонском факултету. Назив уједно представља и референцу на концепт structural art који је поставио Дејвид Билингтон (David Billington), професор Универзитета у Принстону, САД.1 Концепт се односи на инжењерска остварења која су достигла изврсност у погледу ефикасности, економичности и елеганције (тзв. 3E). Есенцијално за концепт уметност конструисања је да конструктер у свом стваралачком процесу мора да испољи креативност како би створио елегантну структуру у оквиру ограничења наметнутих инжењерским захтевима. Да конструктери кроз своје инжењерске радове могу да дефинишу суштински уметничку форму, доказују остварења појединих еминентних аутора која се данас са великим интересовањем анализирају како са научног тако и са друштвеног и симболичког аспекта
Comparative Study of the Digital Design Status of Cultural Heritage on China's Grand Canal and Europe's Danube River
No full textThe Grand Canal and the Danube are renowned waterways worldwide, symbolizing the
cultural heritages of the East and the West, respectively. China's Grand Canal is the world's
longest existing canal and the largest in scale, representing a significant cultural gene pool
of the Chinese nation. The Danube, on the other hand, stands as Europe's second-longest
river, distinguished as the river flowing through the most countries globally. It has cultivated
a diverse culture in the Danube basin, such as the establishment of Lepenski Vir, the oldest
permanent settlement far from the Mediterranean in Europe. As two waterways with profound
histories, both harbor rich and varied cultural legacies, playing an indelible role in civilizational
interactions and societal evolution. In the modern era, methods of cultural heritage
preservation and utilization are undergoing profound changes alongside technological advancements.
New preservation and inheritance methods characterized by digitization, informatization,
and intelligence have garnered much attention. The integration of artificial intelligence
and other novel technologies and methodologies has become a vital force and
determinant in rejuvenating cultural heritage. Against this backdrop, this article aims to examine
the current state of digital revitalization designs for cultural heritages along the ancient
waterway basins in China and Europe, taking China's Grand Canal and Europe's
Danube as examples. The Grand Canal and the Danube Basin not only possess unique
cultural features but also confront their respective challenges, including urban development,
threats from natural environments, and societal transformations. Therefore, by contrasting
the digital revitalization status of cultural heritages between the two waterways, we can
draw valuable lessons, enhancing the effectiveness of cultural heritage protection, hoping
that these legacies continue to thrive and flourish in the future. This research will deepen
people's understanding of cultural heritages in the Sino-European regions, promote international
cultural exchanges, and offer opportunities for communities in both areas. Using digital
design as a tool encourages cultural inheritance, the growth of the tourism sector, and
societal engagement. It places cultural heritage preservation within a global context, providing
a theoretical foundation for its sustainable development
Public squares in Southern Pannonian cities as a legacy of Habsburg regulations: The case of Holy Trinity Square in Sombor, Serbia
No full textSettlements in Southern Pannonia are known for their well-regulated urban matrix, which was developed after the Habsburg reconquest of this
peripheral region of Central Europe from the Ottomans in the 17th–18th centuries. The previous destructive wars left this land as a “tabula rasa” – barren
and severely underpopulated. Hence, this was a “perfect polygon” for Habsburg military engineers to enforce the complete regulation of land and
settlements, focusing on then-modern, colonial-style strict orthogonal organisation. However, some albeit rare settlements and their basic elements,
such as public squares, urban blocks or streets, had preserved their organic matrix from medieval and Ottoman times. In these cases, a gradual process
of strict regulation was implemented as a compromise, resulting in the present-day historical urban ambience with overlapping urban-planning legacy
– their organic layer is usually “beneath” a relatively simplified and regulated form. The spotlight of this research is on public squares in the historic
cores of Southern Pannonian cities in Serbia. The research first defines a historical context and general typology regarding their urban morphology.
Then, a case study on Holy Trinity Square in the City of Sombor is presented. This square is appropriate for a historical-morphological analysis, as it
has not physically changed for the last 150 years, so the square represents an insight into the past after the aforementioned Habsburg urban regulation.
This means that this research embraces the specific remnants of colonial urbanism in the middle of Europe
Momo Kapor Pavilion [BAB, 2025]
No full textThe conceptual design reinterprets the existing building and plaza through a contemporary architectural language, creating a multifunctional cultural space dedicated to the Momo Kapor life and work. The project explores how transforming a neglected structure can generate new cultural and public activities, emphasizing the dialogue between architecture and the park. The pavilion is organized on two levels: a ground floor gallery open to the park and public plazas, and a lower level housing a permanent collection, evoking the atmosphere of Kapor’s studio and everyday life. Its colonnade rhythm defines the pavilion’s form and structures the plaza, while a transparent glass façade maintains visual connection with the surroundings. The plaza serves as an extension of the interior, hosting gatherings, events, and temporary installations. Preserving existing vegetation and adding new landscaping, the pavilion links to the broader urban context, becoming a landmark and symbolic point for Vračar, activating public space and generating new urban narratives
AI Supported Python Programming in Architectural Form-Finding Processes
No full textIn recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has become widely accessible, with powerful AI tools integrated into common ICT services and new AI-based applications emerging almost daily, often freely available. The Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operation (AECO) sector is no exception, as numerous studies highlight AI-enhanced applications supporting various aspects of the industry. While many focus on visualization, AI is also increasingly contributing to design and construction processes. This paper explores the process of architectural form generation using Rhino 3D, leveraging Python scripting for parametric geometric modeling. ChatGPT-3 was utilized to generate Python scripts compatible with the Rhino 3D Python Editor, benefiting from its ability to integrate mathematical concepts with programming logic and respond to textual programming prompts. Through this approach, a series of complex geometric forms was modeled, visually examined, and selectively 3D printed. Following an introduction to the relevant mathematical concepts and digital tools (ChatGPT, Python, and Rhino 3D), the paper details the methodology for guiding AI through parametric modeling. Since achieving the desired results is not always straightforward, specific strategies for controlled, purpose-driven interaction with ChatGPT are outlined. The study is illustrated with characteristic examples, and the generated architectural forms are analyzed, discussing the advantages and limitations of the approach. The paper concludes by examining the evolving technological skillset required for contemporary architectural design in the AI era