Centro Universitário Farias Brito: FB UNI Portal de Periódicos
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Unpacking the Hispanic Mortality Paradox: A Research Note on Country-of-Origin Variation
No full textHispanic immigrants in the United States face persistent socioeconomic disadvantage but paradoxically experience lower mortality throughout the life course. We document this Hispanic mortality paradox across 22 national-origin groups using Social Security administrative mortality records from 1988--2005. The paradox extends to migrants from every country in South America, Central America, and the Hispanic Caribbean. Yet the magnitude of the mortality advantage varies substantially by country of origin, state of arrival, and period of arrival, demonstrating the importance of examining subgroup-specific outcomes rather than treating Hispanics as a monolithic population. Taken together, these findings highlight the need to move beyond the aggregated Hispanic category and recognize how diverse migration histories and incorporation contexts shape the health trajectories of Hispanic immigrants
An Empirical Model of Mobile App Competition: The Role of the Revenue-Source Channel
No full textMobile apps earn revenues from multiple sources, including download prices, in-app purchases, and advertisements. The presence of multiple revenue sources creates the channel through which business parameter changes affect app developers' choice of revenue sources, which may overturn standard price and advertisement pass-through effects. To capture this revenue-source channel, we propose an empirical model of mobile app competition wherein app developers choose download prices, usage prices, and in-app advertising intensities. We employ a competition-in-utility approach to offer a tractable characterization of developers' revenue source choices. We estimate the model using Google Play roleplaying game data from Japan over 2015--2017 and use the estimated model to show the effects of app mergers and changes in transaction fees, highlighting the importance of the revenue-source channel
Equation for Emergence of Electric Charge from Spin
No full textI propose that electric charge is an emergent property of a spinning body. Specifically, an elementary particle or celestial body whose surface rotates about its axis or centre develops a charge Q = kmω√(ε_0/ρ), where k is a dimensionless constant, m is the mass of the sphere, ω is the angular velocity of its surface, ρ its density, and ε_0 the permittivity of free space. I argue that the charge so developed is an important contributory factor to planetary magnetism and propose a calculation for the component of a planet’s magnetic field strength that arises from its orbital motion. I also reframe Coulomb’s law to express the electrostatic force between two charged particles in terms of their masses, densities, and angular velocities. I further show that our proposed equation of charge development leads to the well-known relationship e = √(2αhcε_0) if we assume that the electron is a spherical particle and that every point on its surface revolves about its centre at velocity c – effectively suggesting that the electron has a fluid-like surface and is not a point particle. This said assumption also enables us to not only visualize electron spin for the very first time but also to calculate both the intrinsic magnetic dipole moment of the electron and its spin angular momentum without invoking laborious mathematical methods or attributing infinite energy to the electron, thus according with the principle of parsimony. The paper ends with a conclusion and recommendation for further study
The Evolution of Social Paradoxes
No full textHuman behavior is often paradoxical. We show humility to prove we’re better than other people, we bravely defy social norms so that people will praise us, and we donate to charity anonymously to get credit for not caring about getting credit. Here, I argue that these and other social paradoxes have a common thread: they are all attempts to signal a trait while concealing the fact that one is signaling the trait. Such self-negating signals emerge from the interaction of two cognitive abilities: 1) cue-based inference, and 2) recursive mentalizing. If agents can model each other’s mental states, including their intentions to signal positive traits, then intentional signals of positive traits can, themselves, become cues of negative traits. The result is that status-seeking and virtue-signaling are forced to occur covertly, without becoming common knowledge among signalers or recipients. Social paradoxes also play a crucial role in enabling intergroup dominance by inhibiting common knowledge of the group’s dominance-seeking tactics, which would otherwise disrupt coordination by eliciting moral disapproval. The analysis of social paradoxes can explain a variety of puzzling aspects of human social life, including the cultural evolution of status symbols, the function of sacred values, and the nature of political belief systems
Neutrino Masses, the Gravitational Coupling Constant and the Cosmological Constant
No full textWe predict the masses of the three neutrino mass eigenstates to be m₁ = m₀, m₂ = 4 m₀ and m₃ = 22 m₀ where m₀ = 2.281 meV/c². We arrive at these predictions by applying two phenomenological postulates to neutrino oscillation data. First, we postulate that m₀ is the smallest quantum of mass and that the masses of all the massive elementary particles are positive integer multiples of m₀. Second, we postulate that the dark energy — which drives the accelerated expansion of the universe — is represented by a cosmological constant Λ, or, equivalently, a vacuum energy with constant density ρ_Λ = {α_g}⁴ ρ_P, where α_g = m₀/M_P is the gravitational coupling constant, M_P is the Planck mass and ρ_P is the Planck density. We also predict the squared–mass–difference ratio Δ₃₁/Δ₂₁ = ({m₃}² - {m₁}²)/({m₂}² - {m₁}²) to be exactly 32.2. We use neutrino oscillation data to predict the value of the cosmological constant Λ as well, in agreement with the νΛCDM model. In addition, we compute (i) the effective electron neutrino mass m_β, (ii) the upper bound on the effective Majorana mass of the electron neutrino m_{ββ} and (iii) the lower bounds on half-lives of various isotopes expected to undergo a neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ). Finally, we introduce a new natural system of units in which both m₀ and ρ_Λ are set equal to unity
Memory reactivation levels remain unaffected by anticipated interference
No full textMost daily tasks require frequent information exchange between working memory (WM) and long-term memory (LTM). However, the factors that modulate the reactivation of LTMs in WM remain to be explored. Here, we tested the effects of anticipated perceptual interference (in Experiment 1) and anticipated dual task interference (in Experiment 2) on reactivation of LTMs in WM using contralateral delay activity (CDA) in the EEG. On each trial, participants saw one or three previously studied or novel objects that were tested after a brief retention interval. In half of the blocks, the retention contained perceptual distractors (Experiment 1) or dual task interference (Experiment 2). In both experiments, the CDA prior to the interference period was similar regardless of the anticipated interference. Additionally, we measured contralateral alpha power suppression as an index of spatial attention. We found that spatial attention allocated to the memorized objects’ locations also was not modulated with anticipated interference. These findings indicate that anticipating interference does not influence the extent to which WM is engaged in representing information stored in LTM
How emotional expressions motivate action
No full textSocial adaptation requires humans to respond to others’ nonverbal emotional cues by selecting and executing adaptive motor responses. In this chapter, we provide a general overview of how visual perception of others’ emotional expressions, particularly threatening faces and bodies, promotes rapid processing and elaboration of multiple opportunities for action, at different levels of complexity. Notably, we will highlight how subcortical and cortical neural pathways interact to flexibly orchestrate our social behavior in response to threatening expressions, ranging from simple stimulus-driven reactions to more elaborated goal-directed actions. We will review recent findings from research on humans and other animals and discuss clinical implications, as well as future challenges and perspectives
Who is Missing and Who is Found? Comparing Multiple Measures, Universal Consideration, and Differing Norms for Gifted Identification
No full textUnderrepresentation of diverse learners in gifted education may be partly due to methods used in identification procedures. Problems with current practices include a reliance on teacher referral before identification measures are administered, using national norms, and using “and” rather than “or” rules for multiple measures. This descriptive study of 2017-2019 data from multiple achievement tests examines how using achievement tests with differing norms results in a different talent pool compared to current multiple-criteria identification methods. Results indicate that as norms become more local, the demographics of high-achieving students more closely match the statewide demographics. Although there is a large area of overlap, using the current multiple-criteria method and using computer-adaptive achievement tests for universal consideration results in each method finding students not identified using the other approach. The results suggest the need for a more robust approach to identification and the need to align carefully identification and services
False Information Literacy: A Three Step Process
No full textMisinformation and disinformation are prominent dangers. Information literacy is a well known safeguard against misinformation: unfortunately, false information literacy spreads misinformation. Evaluative skills can be misused to justify belief in and spread misinformation. While false information literacy is an emergent topic, it is not a singular one, nor does it occur in a vacuum. Rather, it operates within social systems that shape how people interpret and share information and misinformation. This paper seeks to expand on the initial definition of false information literacy, showing that it is a three step process: exposure, justification and dissemination. This clarification and expansion serves as a necessary step to stopping the spread of misinformation
Inconspicuous Consumption Scale - development and validation
No full textWe propose a new definition of inconspicuous consumption (IC) as an individual disposition and present an instrument for measuring this variable. The article describes the successive stages of the construction of the Inconspicuous Consumption Scale (ICS). The results of a preliminary selection of items and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have led to the development of an instrument which measures four factors that make up the global ICS: Knowledge, Services, Experiences, and Subtle Brand Signals. Reliability and validity studies carried out in a sample of 1,330 respondents show that the ICS has satisfactory psychometric properties