Journals an der JLU Gießen (Justus-Liebig Universität)
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How to Get Over “Ambiguity Intolerant” Approaches to Social Theory? A Feminist Critique of Adorno\u27s Theory of Knowledge as Social Theory
Get PDFThis article analyzes Theodor Adorno’s empirical research on the authoritarian personality and its underlying theory of reification, in order to interrogate how Adorno produces a theory of society which can overcome “ambiguity-intolerant” approaches to social theory. It is based on three hypotheses. The first concerns the relationship between method and social diagnosis elaborated in The Authoritarian Personality; here, I focus on Adorno’s search for a method to examine the reification of the individual in late capitalist society without externalizing this reification. Adorno’s specific way of overcoming a positivistic approach towards society brings me to my second hypothesis, wherein I try to understand positivistic approaches to society as “ambiguity-intolerant” ways to understand society. I consider these “ambiguity intolerant” because their two main criteria, namely “axiological neutrality” and “objectivity” do not allow a dialectical and therefore ambiguity-tolerant understanding of society. My third hypothesis is based on the idea that Adorno is not alone in his project of a critique of positivistic approaches: since the 1970s, at least, feminist epistemologies have also sought to critique the positivistic idea of an axiological neutral and objective knowledge of society. I then show how a feminist critique of Adorno can criticize his theory of the knowing subject as not sufficiently precise. Using Sandra Harding’s idea of “new subjects of knowledge,” I demonstrate that a feminist critique of the knowing subject can produce an empirically more vivid knowledge about the reification and corporality of the knowing subject in late capitalism
Quarantined Voices: On the Transformative Impact of COVID Narratives at a Time of Crisis
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has sparked new ways of not only gathering epidemiological information but also of telling the story of illness. In the early months of the pandemic, a collaborative relationship quickly developed out of necessity in the United States between medical professionals and those suffering with the novel disease, flattening the traditional hierarchy of the rhetorical doctor-patient relationship. COVID patients worked to correct the limited narrative that took root early in countries such as the United States and shared information, online and through patient-led research, of a relentlessly destructive disease. The author shares her experience as a long-haul COVID patient and analyzes the ways that patients have deployed a new illness narrative—composed online in fragments by the very sick and marked by uncertainty and determination—as a tool for gathering and sharing epidemiological information. Put simply, COVID patients, working online, in isolation and while acutely sick, have strategically used their stories to inform medical professionals and the public alike, and have created a new form of illness narrative in the process
Womanhood, Female Agency, and Jewish Identities in the Nineteenth-Century Italian and German (Trans)National States
Get PDFHistoriker_innen haben jahrzehntelang die Gemeinsamkeiten der italienischen und deutschen Nationalgeschichte im 19. Jahrhundert untersucht. Dieser Sammelband will sie stattdessen durch eine geschlechtsspezifische und transnationale Linse analysieren, mit einem Fokus auf Frauen und jüdischer Geschichte. Welchen Einfluss hatte die nationalistische Ideologie auf die Vorstellung von Weiblichkeit, auf weibliche Handlungsfähigkeit und jüdische Identitäten, und wie verhalten sich Familie und Religion zur Emanzipation? Diese Fragen helfen, den Essentialismus nationaler Narrative und den methodologischen Nationalismus in der historischen Forschung zu überdenken.Historians have studied for decades the commonality of Italian and German national histories in the nineteenth century. This edited volume aims instead to analyze them through gender and transnational lenses with a focus on women’s and Jewish history. What impact did the nationalist ideology have on the notion of womanhood, on female agency and Jewish identities, and how do family and religion relate to emancipation? These issues help reconsider the essentialism of national narratives and methodological nationalism in historical research
Fiction as Imagining: How Possible Worlds Theory Escaped the Prison of Language
Get PDFLaut Possible Worlds Theory and Contemporary Narratology (2019) wurde Possible Worlds Theory in die Literaturwissenschaft eingeführt, als die textualistischen Denkschulen das Feld beherrschten. Die literarische Interpretation war in eine Sackgasse geraten: Wenn alles Sprache ist, kann die literarische Bedeutung nur als Spiel der Sprache interpretiert werden. Das Buch erklärt, wie das Betrachten von Fiktion als weltbildend anstelle eines Sprachspiels es ermöglichte, den Fokus wieder auf den Inhalt zu richten: „to say that literary works were aboutsomething“ (S. 316). Das Hauptaugenmerk des Buches liegt auf dem, was die Theorie der zeitgenössischen Narratologie bietet und weiterentwickelt.According to Possible Worlds Theory and Contemporary Narratology (2019), possible worlds theory was introduced to literary studies when the textualist schools of thought dominated the field. Literary interpretation had come to a dead-end: if everything was language, literary meaning could be interpreted only as a play of language. The edited volume explains how viewing fiction as world-building instead of a language game made it again “possible to say that literary works were about something” (p. 316). The book\u27s main focus is on what the theory offers to contemporary narratology and developing it further
„Doing Journeys“ – A Promising Concept?
Get PDFMit ihrer Monographie legt die Erziehungswissenschaftlerin Lilli Riettiens eine beeindruckende Synthese aus theoretischen Ausführungen und einer empirischen Analyse historischer Reiseberichte vor. Durch die Untersuchung spanischsprachiger Berichte, die über die Atlantiküberfahrt von Lateinamerika nach Europa im 19. Jahrhundert erzählen, behandelt sie – geleitet von der Historischen Praxeologie – Praktiken der Abfahrt, Überfahrt und Ankunft sowie des Schreibens von Reiseberichten. The educationalist Lilli Riettiens presents an impressive synthesis of theoretical explanations and empirical analysis of historical travelogues with her monograph. Through the analysis of Spanish travelogues that deal with the Atlantic crossings from Latin America to Europe in the nineteenth century, she explores – guided by historical praxeology – practices of departure, the crossing and arrival as well as the writing of the travelogues
Taking Transitional Justice to the Grassroots: Socioeconomic Justice and International Intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Get PDFDaniela Lai plädiert in ihrem Buch Socioeconomic Justice für eine Ausweitung der Mechanismen der Übergangsjustiz auf Gerechtigkeitsansprüche innerhalb der Gemeinschaft in Nachkriegskontexten, in denen Arbeitsplätze und Lebensunterhalt selten als Priorität angesehen werden. Dieses Buch führt uns durch das Labyrinth der internationalen Intervention, der sozioökonomischen Gewalt während des Krieges und ihrer anhaltenden Auswirkungen in Friedenszeiten sowie der Gerechtigkeitsansprüche nach den Protesten von 2014, indem es einerseits die politische Ökonomie von Krieg und Frieden untersucht und andererseits die Mechanismen der Transitional Justice neu definiert. Daniela Lai’s book Socioeconomic Justice makes a compelling case for the expansion of Transitional Justice mechanisms to include justice claims made within the community in post-war contexts, where jobs and livelihoods are rarely seen as a priority. This book guides us through a maze of international intervention, war-time socioeconomic violence and its lingering effects in peacetime, along with justice claims after the 2014 protests, by studying political economy of war and peace on one side and redefining transitional justice mechanisms on the other
An Academic Experiment in Utopia
Get PDFTWENTYFORTY. Utopias for a Digital Society (Hrsg. Benedikt Fecher) umfasst dreizehn fiktionale Beiträge, die sich mit Problemen befassen, die in einer immer stärker digitalisierten Welt auftreten. Angesiedelt im Jahr 2040 – mal utopisch, mal dystopisch – reflektieren die Texte aktuelle Fragestellungen im Verhältnis von Digitalem und Sozialem. Geschrieben und veröffentlicht kurz vor der COVID-19-Pandemie, projiziert das Buch eine Zukunft, die sich heute etwas gestelzt anfühlt. Als ein Versuch von Akademiker_innen anders zu denken, Genres zu wechseln und das Publikum zu erweitern, ist es ein interessantes, wenn auch unwahrscheinliches Experiment, Utopien zu imaginieren.TWENTYFORTY. Utopias for a Digital Society (ed. Benedikt Fecher) comprises thirteen pieces of creative fiction looking at problems that arise in an ever more digitized world. Set in 2040 – sometimes utopian, sometimes dystopian – the texts reflect present problems in the relationship between the digital and the social. Written and published just before the COVID-19 pandemic, the book projects a future that now feels stilted. As an attempt by academics to think differently, shift genres and expand audiences, it is an interesting, if unlikely, experiment in imagining utopia
(Re-)Negotiating Ambiguity’s (Added) Value(lessness)
Get PDFWhat would an issue on ambiguity be without countering the affirmative calls for a concept that established itself as an aesthetic paradigm and thus as a norm in art discourse as early as around 1800? To answer this, this multi-voiced _Perspective is dedicated not only to the potentials (added value) but also to the limits (valuelessness) of ambiguity as an analytical tool. David J. Getsy, who works at the intersection of art history, queer studies, and transgender studies, initially delivered his* reservations about ambiguity at the Symposium Ambiguity Forum, held at the Renaissance Society, University of Chicago, on 14 January 2017. In the sense of a deconstructive (re-)reading practice, 12 contributors from various disciplinary backgrounds accepted the invitation to respond to Getsy’s critique of the concept of ambiguity with a short comment. In the current _Perspective, Getsy has the last word by responding to the forum with a closing comment at the end. What emerges through this experimental-discursive format is, on the one hand, a structurally ambiguous discussion room in which the reader is invited to search for possible contradictions and ambiguous relations of tension between the individual comments and to evaluate them as a contribution to the issues topic. On the other hand, this contribution is above all an invitation to add more views to this open discussion, for example by writing a _Perspective in reaction to one of the comments