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Monitoring Vegetative Stages of Spring Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L) with Sentinel-1 and Sentiel-2 Imagery in Bornuur soum, Tuv province, Mongolia
No full textSpring wheat (Triticum aestivum Linnaeus, 1753) is critical for global food security, sustaining over 20% of the world’s population. In Mongolia, it is the primary staple crop, though production is affected by climatic and market fluctuations. This study, conducted at the “Nart” Research Center of the Mongolian University of Life Sciences in Bornuur soum, Tuv province, examined growth dynamics of the Darkhan-144 wheat variety using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite data. The crop, sown between May 21–25, 2020, achieved uniform germination within 15–20 days. Key phenophases included germination to main pricking (10 days), heading (15 days), flowering to milky seed stage (15 days), and milky to hybrid tuber (10 days), totaling a growth cycle of 85-90 days. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index rose from (~0.18) in early May to 0.80 by July and September. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index showed strong correlation with the Normalized Difference Water Index for wet biomass (R²=0.67) and dry biomass (R²=0.62). Sentinel-2 reflectance ranged from 0.05-0.40 in May and July, and 0.25-0.45 in June. Field spectrometer values increased from 0.35 in July to 0.60 nm in August, before declining to 0.30 nm in September. These findings reveal a strong correlation between vegetation water indices and wheat growth parameters, highlighting the potential of satellite-based spatiotemporal analysis to inform and enhance local policymaking in agricultural production and management. This study supports the integration of remote sensing into Mongolia’s crop monitoring strategies
Ecological vulnerability Assessment in the Heilongjiang-Amur River Transboundary Basin
No full textThe Heilongjiang–Amur River Basin (HARB) is an important transboundary basin in Northeast Asia, characterized by complex and diverse ecosystems and facing significant environmental pressures. Assessing ecological vulnerability in this region is of great importance. This study adopts the Exposure–Sensitivity–Adaptive capacity (ESA) framework and applies the CRITIC–AHP weighting method to evaluate the spatial pattern of ecological vulnerability (EVI) in HARB in 2020 and identify its main influencing factors. The results show that the overall ecological vulnerability of the basin is relatively high, the average EVI in 2020 was 31.0. Areas with high vulnerability are mainly concentrated in the Gobi region of Mongolia, the Northeast China Plain, and parts of southern Russia. Soil retention, net primary productivity (NPP), and habitat quality index (HQI) are the key factors contributing to the spatial variation of EVI, which explained 63%, 42% and 40% of the variation, respectively. The Mongolian part of the basin shows relatively higher ecological vulnerability, which reflects the significant influence of arid climate and fragile land resources. These findings provide a scientific basis for ecological vulnerability management and transboundary cooperation in the HARB, and offer useful reference for developing sustainable ecological strategies in other transboundary river basins
System dynamics model and input–output model in regional ecological economy analysis and international research prospects
No full textRegional ecological-economic research focuses on balancing ecological protection, economic growth, and resource utilization to achieve sustainable development. Under global climate change and environmental pressures, its significance is increasingly recognized. The System Dynamics (SD) model and the Multi-Regional Input–Output (MRIO) model serve as key quantitative tools in this research field. SD captures dynamic feedbacks and time-lag effects in complex systems, supporting long-term policy analysis. MRIO traces resource flows and environmental impacts across regions, enabling the assessment of economic–environmental linkages. Based on various scientific research projects undertaken by the research team, we have long utilized SD and MRIO models to conduct ecological-economic studies across diverse thematic areas and spatial scales. This paper systematically reviews the empirical research conducted by the authors\u27 team using the System Dynamics (SD) model and the Multi-Regional Input–Output (MRIO) model across various industrial sectors and spatial scales. It further explores the integration pathways of the two approaches, aiming to enrich the theoretical framework and methodological system in the field of regional ecological-economic research. Looking ahead, the research team will promote the application of SD and MRIO models in cross-border cooperation studies among China, Mongolia, and Russia, providing strong technical support for sustainable development in transboundary regions. This study holds significant theoretical importance and practical value
Knowledge-based geoecological mapping for sustainable land management in Khuvsgul region
No full textGeoecological mapping plays a critical role in advancing sustainable land management by enabling the integration of geological, geomorphological, and ecological dynamics. This study elaborated a geoecological map by incorporating detailed geomorphological and ecological information using a knowledge-based mapping approach. The methodology combines rule-based logic, expert interpretation, and the integration of various spatial datasets. Geological relationships, including stratigraphic sequences, lithological associations, and fault structures were encoded within a rule-based framework to ensure spatial and conceptual coherence. Expert knowledge, we derived from pre-existing geological and geomorphological data and supported by conceptual models, guided manual digitization and semi-automated interpretation processes. Multi-source datasets, including satellite imagery, digital elevation models (DEMs), and seismological layers, were integrated using domain-specific reasoning strategies. Geoecological units were delineated by considering the combined cumulative effects of three primary driving forces: (1) endogenic factors, stemming from deep-seated geodynamic processes such as tectonics and seismic activity; (2) exogenic factors, related to surface processes such as weathering, erosion, and mass movement; and (3) technogenic factors, resulting from human-induced changes including land use alterations, infrastructure development, and resource exploitation. The final geoecological map offers a robust analytical framework for understanding landscape evolution, assessing environmental vulnerability, and supporting evidence-based decision-making in land-use planning and natural resource management
Prospects for restoring ecosystems in the Pasvik River basin reconstruction of climate change, biodiversity, history of nature management and conservation practices
No full textThe paper is devoted to discussing the effectiveness of measures to restore degraded lands and preserve biodiversity in the north-west of the Murmansk Region in the Pechenga Municipal District (Russian Federation). The purpose of the study was to study climate change, biodiversity, the history of nature management and environmental practices in the basin of the Paz River. Published and archived data from climatic, soil-geobotanical, archaeological, and historical studies were collected and systematized, as well as their own field geoecological studies (2021-2024). The use of reconstruction and forecasting methods made it possible to recreate an objective picture of climatic changes in the basin of the Paz River over the past 9.5 thousand years and to identify a multiple change of vegetation (from Arctic tundra to forest) after the melting of the glacier. The study of archaeological and historical materials allowed us to identify five stages of economic development of the territory, which led to a reduction in biodiversity and land degradation (with a maximum in the 70s of the XX century at the peak of the development of copper-nickel production). Three main factors hindering the restoration of degraded lands in the Paz River basin have been identified: large areas of man-made wastelands with a high content of heavy metals, long-range irradiation of microparticles of pollutants, and low rates of natural restoration of Arctic ecosystems. To accelerate the processes of natural restoration, it is proposed to replace expensive methods of reclamation of man-made wastelands with the creation of a set of conditions for the formation of biological soil crusts (communities of cryptogamous organisms)
Mapping of soil organic carbon content using machine learning algorithms in Bayanzurkh soum
No full textSoil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest carbon reservoir in the terrestrial ecosystem and plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Consequently, even a slight change in SOC content due to land use, soil management, or rates of soil erosion can considerably increase atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The main purpose of this study is to predict and map SOC content in small area by applying machine learning (ML) algorithms using field measurements and remote sensing data. We used to three different algorithms such as Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (eXGB), and Gradient Boosted Regression (GBR) of ML. According to field work, 123 soil samples (0–30 cm) were collected from Bayanzurkh soum in Khuvsgul, and 26 variables were used to predict SOC content. As shown the prediction results, the GBR algorithm demonstrated the highest performance, explaining 78% of the variation in soil SOC content, with an RMSE of 42.9 g/kg and an MAE of 33.1 g/kg. The ranking of model performance in terms of prediction accuracy was GBR > eXGB > RF. Therefore, we found a strong relationship (R² = 0.94) between the predicted and measured values based on linear regression analysis. The most influential predictor variables were SILT (13.6%), CLAY (7.8%), NDVI (7.3%), and SOLAR RADIATION (6.3%). These results demonstrate that SOC content can be effectively predicted using machine learning algorithms. However, it is advisable to compare the performance of multiple algorithms and select the most suitable approach for the small area
An axiological analysis of Mongolian proverbs with the concept “Goodness” in the framework of R.S.Hartman’s dimension
No full textThe interdisciplinary nature of modern linguistic research has led to the need to consider evaluation from the point of view of not only a linguistic phenomenon but also from the point of philosophy. As a philosophical category, evaluation was already expressed in the works of ancient thinkers and philosophers but still continues to be a source of interest and attention for scientific research. The opportunity to analyze the mentality and culture of nations is oral literature, proverbs, and legends. Even though there are fluent semantic analyses of proverbs, one of the least researched issues of proverbs is axiological aspects. There has been a growing need to evaluate proverbs on axiological method by a value theory. In the article titled “An axiological analysis of Mongolian proverbs with concepts of “goodness” in the framework of R.S. Hartman’s dimension,” some examples of Mongolian proverbs are studied according to the principles formulated by R.S. Hartman as the value form of “goodness” through systematically good, extrinsically good, and intrinsically good values. In doing so, the hermeneutics interpretation method, concept analyzing, and summarizing methods were used. According to the principle of Hartman’s identifying value of “goodness,” the characteristics of general features, plural meanings of cooperative meanings, and interdisciplinary studies were revealed in Mongolian proverbs.
“Сайн” хэмээх ойлголт илэрхийлсэн монгол зүйр цэцэн үгсийг Гартманы акcеологийн онцлогийн үүднээс задлан шинжлэх нь
Хураангуй: Улс үндэстний сэтгэлгээний онцлог, соёлыг судлах боломж, талбар бол тухайн ард түмний аман зохиол, зүйр цэцэн үгс, үлгэр домог юм. Зүйр цэцэн үгсийн утга зүйн судалгаа олон байдаг боловч үнэлэмжийн талаас судалсан судалгаа харьцангуй цөөн тул аксеологийг судлах тухайлсан төлөөлөгчийн байр суурин дээр үнэлэх хэрэгцээ шаардлага, үүсэж байна. Тус өгүүлэлд Монгол хэлний зарим зүйр цэцэн үгсийг Гартманы “сайн” үнэлэмжийн хэлбэр болох систематик, экстринсик, интринсик үнэлэмж гэж томьёолсон зарчмын дагуу судалсан болно. Ингэхдээ герменевтик тайлбарлахуйн арга, задлах, нэгтгэн дүгнэх аргыг ашиглав. Гартманы “сайн” үнэлэмжийн хэлбэрийг тодорхойлох зарчмын дагуу монгол хэлний зүйр цэцэн үгс дэх үнэлэмж, үүний дотор “сайн”-ы хэлбэрийг илрүүлэхэд монгол зүйр цэцэн үгс өргөн утгатай, нэг цогц зүйр үгс Гартманы үнэлэмжийн бүх хэлбэрээр тайлбарлагдах боломжтой гэж дүгнэхэд хүрэв.
Түлхүүр үг: Зүйр цэцэн үгс, сайн, утга зүйн судалгаа, систематик үнэлэмж, экстринсик үнэлэмж, интринсик үнэлэм
The Impact of Air Quality on the Distribution of Bronchial Asthma
No full textIn the structure of population morbidity in Mongolia, diseases of the respiratory system consistently rank first. This is not only associated to the country’s harsh climate but also significantly influensed by the air pollution in urban areas. The widespread occurrence of Bronchial asthma, especially in the recent years, has been the main motivation for this study. According to the result of the study, over the past decade, the distribution of Bronchial asthma among the population of Ulaanbaatar is 1.1 times higher than that of the 21 provinces, and the incidence has continued to grow annually. Research findings show that various airborne substances affect the disease differently. In particular, the current level of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the air have a strong influence on the development of Bronchial asthma, whereas PM10 and PM2.5 particles appear to have minimal or no significant impact.
Гуурсан хоолойн багтраа өвчний тархалтад агаарын чанар нөлөөлөх нь
Хураангуй: Монгол Улсын хүн амд Амьсгалын эрхтэн тогтолцооны эмгэг, ялангуяа Гуурсан хоолойн багтраа өвчний тархалт сүүлийн жилүүдэд түгээмэл болсон нь энэхүү судалгааг хийх үндэслэл болсон юм. Судалгааны үр дүнгээс үзвэл сүүлийн арван жилд Гуурсан хоолойн багтраа өвчний тархалт Улаанбаатар хотын хүн амд 21 аймгийнхаас 1.1 дахин их байгаа бөгөөд өвчлөл жилээс жилд эрс ихсэж байна. Энэ өвчинд агаарын найрлага дахь бодисууд харилцан адилгүй нөлөөлдөг нь судалгааны үр дүнгээс харагдлаа. Ялангуяа хүхэрлэг хий (SO2), азотын давхар исэл (NO2)-ийн агаар дахь агууламжийн өнөөгийн түвшин Гуурсан хоолойн багтраа үүсэхэд маш хүчтэй нөлөөлж байгаа бол PM10, PM2.5 тоосонцрууд үндсэндээ холбогдолгүй байна.
Түлхүүр үг: Агаарын бохирдол, гуурсан хоолойн багтраа, хүхэрлэг хий, азотын давхар исэл, нүүрстөрөгчийн дутуу исэ
Influence of processing on tannin, flavonoid, polyphenol content, and antioxidant activity of Ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt) leaf tea
Full text linkThis study investigates factors affecting tea production from the leaves of Ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt) using a natural fermentation method. To evaluate the tea quality, key parameters such as tannin, flavonoid, polyphenol content, and antioxidant activity were monitored throughout the research. The study examined different factors, including leaf moisture loss prior to fermentation, the fermentation temperature and duration, the roasting temperature, and the final product moisture content. The results indicated that drying the leaves to 80% moisture content facilitated the natural fermentation process at 40°C for 5 h. Roasting the tea at 100°C to a final moisture of 8% maintained a stable content of tannin, flavonoid, polyphenol, and oxidation capacity
East Asian security cooperation and Mongolia\u27s participation
No full textThis study closely analyzes Mongolia’s participation and contribution to making East Asia a war-free and economically stable region, with the aim of establishing active mechanisms for regional cooperation as an integral part of Mongolia’s peace-oriented, open, multilateral, and balanced foreign policy. The study deeply examines key directions including: the Ulaanbaatar Dialogue on Northeast Asian Security; Mongolia’s efforts toward a nuclear-weapon-free zone; initiatives to join East Asia’s economic integration; policies for active cooperation under the “third neighbor” strategy with developed countries in the region (Japan and South Korea); and ensuring active participation in United Nations peacekeeping activities. While noting that geopolitical changes in international relations and new global policy challenges pose significant difficulties to East Asian security, the study concludes by presenting its own views and findings on the issues.
Зүүн Азийн Аюулгүй байдлын хамтын ажиллагаа ба Монгол Улсын оролцоо
Хураангуй: Монгол Улсын энхийг эрхэмлэгч, нээлттэй, олон талт, тэнцвэртэй гадаад бодлогын бүрэлдэхүүн болох бүс нутгийн хамтын ажиллагаанд идэвхтэй оролцох механизмыг бүрдүүлэх зорилгоор Зүүн Азийг дайн дажингүй, эдийн засгийн хөгжлийн хувьд тогтвортой бүс болгоход чиглэсэн Монгол Улсын хувь нэмэр, оролцооны асуудлыг судлан шинжилсэн байна. Зүүн хойд Азийн аюулгүй байдлын асуудлаарх “Улаанбаатарын яриа хэлэлцээ”, цөмийн зэвсэггүй бүс болох Монгол Улсын хүчин чармайлт, Зүүн Азийн эдийн засгийн интеграцид хамрагдах оролдлого, тус бүсийн хөгжингүй орнуудтай (Япон, БНСУ) гуравдагч хөршийн бодлогын хүрээн дэх идэвхтэй хамтын ажиллагаа, НҮБ-ын энхийг сахиулах үйл хэрэгт Монголын оролцоо зэрэг чиглэлээр гүнзгийрүүлэн авч үзжээ. Олон улсын харилцаан дахь геополитикийн өөрчлөлт, дэлхийн бодлогын шинэ сорилтууд нь Зүүн Азийн аюулгүй байдалд багагүй хүндрэл, бэрхшээл дагуулж буйг тэмдэглэхийн сацуу судлаачийн санал, дүгнэлтийг өгүүллийн төгсгөлд танилцуулав.
Түлхүүр үгс: “Улаанбаатарын яриа хэлэлцээ” санаачилга, цөмийн зэвсэггүй бүс болох Монгол Улсын статус, гуравдагч хөршийн бодлого, худалдаа-эдийн засгийн хамтын ажиллагаа, НҮБ-ын энхийг сахиулах ажиллага