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Quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds in the aqueous extract of Ribes Diacanthum pall.
Full text linkOver the past 30 years, herbal medicines have been used globally, with over 80% of people turning to plant-based remedies for health-related needs. Ribes diacanthum Pall., known in Mongolia as “Tekhiin Sheeg,” is a shrub belonging to the Saxifragaceae family and commonly found in rocky mountain slopes, river valleys, and sand-rich areas near willow and poplar groves. In traditional Mongolian medicine, the aerial parts of this plant are used as a Aqueous extract to treat kidney and urinary tract inflammations, retention, and swelling. This quantifies specific bioactive compounds in the aqueous extracts prepared from different parts of Ribes diacanthum Pall., including the aerial parts. Aqueous extracts were obtained from the fruit (Sample 1), leaves (Sample 2), and stems (Sample 3) of Ribes diacanthum Pall using partial maceration. Total flavonoid and total phenolic contents in each sample were measured using spectrophotometry. The highest total flavonoid content was found in Sample 1 at 0.0032 ± 0.00058%, while the highest total phenolic content was in Sample 1 at 0.059 ± 0.0047%. Our study reveals that the aerial parts contain the highest total f lavonoid concentration, while the fruit has the highest total phenolic concentration, indicating their potential as valuable medicinal components
Study of technology and standardization of composite medicines with compound ingredients for use in flu and flu-like diseases
Full text linkAccording to the World Health Organization, seasonal influenza results in approximately one billion cases annually, with 3–5 million severe complications and 290,000–650,000 deaths worldwide. Symptomatic treatments for fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, nasal congestion, and other related symptoms are commonly used. In our country’s pharmaceutical market, traditional medicines, herbal remedies, and generic drugs with expectorant and fever-reducing properties are domestically produced. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the quality of compounded ingredients formulated as tablets for treating influenza and flu-like illnesses. Tablets containing active ingredients were formulated and compressed to a weight of 600 mg (C1) and 640 mg (C2, C3) using a tablet compression machine. Manufacturing defects, such as capping and cracking, were observed in the C3 tablet. The active ingredient content in C1 was found to be insufficient, failing to meet the established quality requirements. In contrast, the C2 tablet met the quality standards for tablet formulations
Impact of faulting on the depression morphology of Ulaagchinii Khar Lake in Mongolia
No full textThe geomorphology of the Ulaagchinii Khar Lake depression is predominantly governed by tectonic faulting. Morphometric analysis identifies a distinct network of orthogonal faults that are prominently manifested in both topographic and bathymetric patterns. These fault systems primarily trend northwest-southeast and north-south, intersecting near the lake’s central region. This central zone is characterized by pronounced linear formations and abrupt shifts in elevation, as depicted in isobath profiles, indicative of tectonic subsidence along fault zones. The lake depression exhibits strong tectonic control, supported by a high hypsometric integral (HI=0.91) and a notably elongated basin shape index (Bs=2.81). Further evidence for a tectonic origin includes a major east-west oriented fault extending 40.8 km with a steep inclination of 35°, and a vertical relief energy of 274 m. Significant depth variations, reaching up to 47 m in the lake’s western sector, further reinforce the influence of faulting on its morphological configuration. Complementary geomagnetic anomaly data also correspond with these structural features, affirming the presence of active tectonic processes within the depression. The orthogonal fault systems have not only shaped the physical structure of the depression but have also influenced its hydrological regime by enhancing groundwater infiltration, thereby contributing to the lake’s freshwater characteristics. This research underscores that the current morphology and hydrological compartmentalization of Ulaagchinii Khar Lake are the result of an interplay between tectonically controlled fault activity and Late Quaternary dune deposition
Sexual Health Information Seeking among Mongolian Adolescents
Full text linkObjective: Our study aims to ascertain the types of information sources that shape adolescents’ knowledge about sexual and reproductive health in Mongolia. Methods: The present study, in accordance with the HBSC survey protocol, encompassed a sample of 312 students aged between 15 and 18 years in Ulaanbaatar and its metropolitan areas. Data collection occurred in a paper-based form. Besides descriptive statistics, logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: The most prevalent sources of sexual health information were school health curricula (74.0%), friends (70.7%), and peers (65.6%), while less frequent sources included sexual partners (19.6%) and religious organizations (11.9%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that gender significantly influenced source preferences: females were more likely than males to seek information from parents, teachers, and health education curricula, while males were more likely to rely on sexual partners and friends. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the majority of participants received sexual health information through health education curricula, demonstrating the importance of these programs. Additionally, in light of the significant influence of peers and social media on adolescents, it is imperative to ensure they have access to reliable sexual health information through accessible sources and increased parental involvement to promote informed and responsible decision-making
Analysis of Solanum torvum leaves: GC-MS profiling, in vitro and in vivo bioactivity assessment, in silico ADME/T predictions and molecular docking
Full text linkThis research investigates the phytochemical, antioxidant, thrombolytic, and analgesic activities of the ethanolic extract from the leaves of Solanum torvum (S. torvum). 42 bioactive chemicals were identified by phytochemical screening and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The compounds included bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate, hexadecanoic acid, and 2R-Acetoxymethyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-4t-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-1t-cyclohexanol. S. torvum showed potent antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 124.7 μg/mL, and significant thrombolytic potential, displaying 78.10% clot lysis at 1000 μg/mL. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test on Swiss Albino mice, S. torvum at a 400 mg/kg dose greatly reduced writhing by 60%, similar to diclofenac-Na (50 mg/kg). Replace additionally, molecular docking studies revealed strong binding scores of key compounds to targets such as tissue plasminogen activator and COX-2. ADME/T analysis further suggested their drug-likeness, safety, and pharmacological potential. These findings substantiate the therapeutic value of S. torvum in medicinal research and drug development. This study is novel for its integrated approach, combining phytochemical analysis, in vitro and in vivo assays, and in silico modeling. It identifies 42 compounds in S. torvum leaves, many newly reported, and demonstrates strong thrombolytic and analgesic activities, supported by molecular docking, highlighting its drug development potential
Editorial
Full text linkWe welcome readers to our first issue of Mongolian Journal of Chemistry in 2025 and present 6 excellent research articles reporting their original research results as highlighted briefly. Tangkan et al. evaluated the heavy metal contamination, together with its health risks, in landfill and agricultural soils; Long et al. investigated the effects of processing on the quality and bioactivity of Ivy gourd leaf tea; and Ali et al. determined the irregular indices of indium phosphide and the line graph of the subdivision graph of H-naphthalenic nano-sheet. In the following articles, Alajrawy et al. report cytotoxicity and molecular property calculations of their synthesized dioxidovanadium complexes, while Sakhare et al. also present their synthesized azo Schiff-base ligand metal complexes with multiple bioactivities, and Nahar et al. analyzed biological activities and compositions of Solanum torvum leaves with their predicted pharmacological properties. A cover image, selected from Ali et al., illustrates the topological indices of indium phosphide in H-naphtalenic nano sheet and shows how irregular indices vary with changes in network size and structural complexity. As the year begins, we are pleased to announce the establishment of our Advisory Board and welcome two new members, Prof. Odkhuu Dorj from Incheon National University, Republic of Korea, and Prof. Chuan-Ming Yeh from National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, to our Editorial Board. We are delighted to have them working with us for the continuous growth of our journal. We also thank our former editor, Dr. Odonchimeg Munkhjargal, and welcome a new assistant editor, Dr. Janbolat Ashim from Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea, to the editorial team. Ultimately, we honor the memory of Academician, ScD. Temuujin Jadambaa, who served as Editor-in-Chief of the Mongolian Journal of Chemistry from 2017 to 2023 and remained an active editorial board member thereafter. His leadership, vision, and unwavering dedication greatly contributed to the journal’s growth, expansion, and successful indexing in the Scopus database.
Editorial team: Drs. Munkhtsetseg Tsednee, Enkhtuul Surenjav, Erdenechimeg Namjil, Altantuya Ochirkhuyag, and technical editors, MSc. Davaabal Batmunkh, Nomin Munkhba
Mongolia’s EPA with Japan: Implementation Progress and Challenges
No full textMongolia first signed an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with Japan, its third neighbor, major investor, and key strategic partner, in 2016, and subsequently joined the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement in 2021. Currently, discussions are underway to conclude an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the Republic of Korea and an interim agreement on the Eurasian Economic Union. Although Mongolia has the resources to use such international and interstate agreements, the lack of industrial development limits the possibility of implementing such agreements. Since the establishment of the Mongolia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement, the trade deficit between Mongolia and Japan has not decreased but has increased year by year, reflecting that the main obstacle facing Mongolia in expanding trade with Japan is the issue of transportation costs. The two sides have been regularly discussing the opportunities and challenges to increase the benefits of the agreement, which is the source of the successful implementation of this agreement in the future. In line with the process in this article, an attempt has been made to analyze the current status and future trend, common challenges, and implications of the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with a third neighbor, Japan
Mongolian “Third Neighbor Policy” and Strategic Partnership with USA
No full textThis paper examines the evolution of Mongolia–United States relations through the lens of Mongolia’s ‘Third Neighbor Policy,’ with particular attention to the influence of the United States’ Indo-Pacific Strategy. Mongolia’s security is influenced both positively and negatively depending on how the country develops its relations with its two neighbors and with highly developed nations of the East and the West, as well as how it maintains a balance among their respective interests. Mongolia faces the challenge of navigating the geopolitical dynamics between its two powerful neighbors, China and Russia, while also fostering relations with nations such as the United States and those in the European Union. This requires a delicate diplomatic strategy to ensure that no single influence dominates its foreign policy. Additionally, Mongolia must address internal pressures and economic dependencies that can arise from unequal partnerships, ensuring that its sovereignty and national interests remain protected. Therefore, studying the United States’ policy in Asia—one of the world’s major powers—and the alignment of its interests with Mongolia is essential for defining Mongolia’s policy toward the U.S. In contrast, U.S. policy toward the Asia-Pacific region has consistently included engagement with Mongolia. The terminology and concept of that regional framework were revised under President Trump’s administration, and the U.S. government’s policy toward the region was renamed the Indo-Pacific Strategy. Despite Mongolia and the United States having interacted for more than a century, diplomatic relations were established in 1987, and were elevated to the status of a “Strategic Partnership” in 2019. It is the purpose of this short article to outline the distinctive characteristics of their historical relations, the current situation, and the prospects for the future
Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cox-1 gene region as a DNA barcode marker for the Gray wolf, Canis lupus in Mongolia
No full textThe gray wolf (Canis lupus), locally known as saaral chono, is a widely distributed species across Europe, North America, and Asia, including Mongolia. Over the last 45 years, Mongolia’s gray wolf population has declined threefold, highlighting the need for conservation measures. This study investigates the utility of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox-1) gene as a DNA barcode marker for gray wolves in Mongolia. Tissue samples from ten individuals across ten provinces of Mongolia were collected and sequenced for a region of the cox-1 gene. Phylogenetic analyses show that Mongolian gray wolves cluster with other C. lupus sequences from GenBank, forming two distinct subclades within the species. The cox-1 sequences clearly differentiate gray wolves from other Mongolian Canidae species, demonstrating their value for species identification. These findings support the use of cox-1 as a reliable DNA barcode for monitoring, forensic investigations of illegal hunting, and broader conservation efforts
Optimization polyethylene plastic pyrolysis: Characterization and catalytic activity of ende natural zeolite
No full textThis study focuses on optimizing the pyrolysis of polyethylene plastic waste using Ende natural zeolite as a catalyst, activated by 7 M sulfuric acid. Activation significantly enhanced the zeolite\u27s Si/Al ratio, total acidity, and surface area, improving its catalytic properties. Pyrolysis was conducted across temperatures ranging from 350 °C to 500 °C, with catalyst compositions of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The optimal condition was found at 400 °C with 10% catalyst, yielding the highest amount of liquid hydrocarbons suitable for fuel production. The results demonstrate that acid-activated Ende natural zeolite is highly effective in catalyzing the conversion of plastic waste into valuable hydrocarbon products. These findings contribute to developing sustainable waste management strategies by improving pyrolysis efficiency. Future research should investigate the long-term stability of this catalyst and evaluate the performance of different zeolite sources to enhance plastic waste conversion further