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Effects of Grazing on vegetation in the Gobi desert region of Mongolia
Get PDFMongolia is a massive, semi-arid country in Central Asia with a huge territory of 1,500,000 km2, with rangeland making up around 75% of the country\u27s territory. These rangelands have supported herders and grazing animals for millennia. The transition from nomadic to stationary livestock husbandry in Mongolia’s rangeland has resulted in major changes in vegetation communities due to increased livestock numbers. The primary objective of this study is to examine the impacts of grazing on the vegetation of rangelands in the desert steppe ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of livestock grazing by measuring vegetation standing crop biomass, vegetation cover, and species\u27 richness. The study was carried out in Khanbogd soum (district), Umnugovi aimag, the southern province of Mongolia. To assess the grazing impact, we sampled fourteen winter camps of herders who are members of the four herder groups, who were located at 1000 m and 2000 m from each. In total, we sampled 28 plots in two consecutive years. Our results indicate that aboveground biomass, cover, and species\u27 richness did not differ with increasing distance from winter camps. Similar grazing pressures were shown at 1,000 and 2,000 meters away from the winter camps as well
Magnetospheric response on impact of solar wind diamagnetic structures borne by eruptive prominence
Get PDFWe address the sequence of Sun-to-Earth phenomena, that enables to study the mechanism for geoefficiency of eruptive prominences propagating from the Sun inside coronal mass ejections (CMEs). An eruptive prominence ejected in the solar wind (SW) moves at the SW velocity Earthward like adiamagnetic structure of eruptive prominence (DSEP).The key feature of the latter is a largesharp plasma concentration jump N inside the DSEP at a simultaneous sharp drop in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) modulus B. It is the anti-correlation between the N and B profiles in DSEP, due to which its contact with the magnetosphere may lead not only to magnetosphere compression, but also to penetration of DSEP substance into the magnetosphere. The duration of the magnetospheric disturbance (in the form of dayside auroras), global increase in the current systems, charged particle flux enhancement in the radiation belts, and generation of the irregular Pi2-3 oscillations aredetermined by the DSEP size. We present statistical investigations into DSEPs observed in different years of solar activity and builta qualitative modelfor DSEP geoefficiency
Enhanced Energy Storage: Electrochemical Performance of ZnCl2-Activated Carbon Derived from Acacia catechu Bark
Get PDFIn this study, Acacia catechu bark is used for the development of advanced supercapacitor negatrode materials through the synthesis of activated carbon via activation and carbonization at varying temperatures (400, 600, 800 °C) using ZnCl2 as the activating agent. The as-prepared sample is characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. The specific surface area was evaluated using BET analysis, while 3D morphological assembly of the resulting material was assessed by means of the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. Cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charging and discharging, electrochemical impedance, were conducted to evaluate the material\u27s electrochemical performance. The activated carbon prepared at 800°C (BZAC-8) exhibited a specific capacitance of 259.34 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1 with excellent capacity retention (92.61%) and lower impedance. These findings underscore the potential of utilizing Acacia catechu bark-based active carbon as a negatrode material for advanced energy storing application
Study on Primary Fish Species in Lake Ogii: Catch-Related Injuries and Hygiene Practices
No full textMongolia’s rivers and lakes host over 70 fish species, with approximately 30 species harvested for human consumption. The annual fishing season typically spans 180 days, yielding an estimated 600 tons of fish annually. Fishing in Ogii Lake, Arkhangai Province, began in 1938; however, recent years have seen a cessation of regulated fishing, alongside a rise in large-scale illegal fishing, particularly during winter and spawning periods. Climate change has further impacted aquatic ecosystems by altering water regimes, increasing pollution, degrading habitats, and disrupting fish reproductive cycles, resulting in ecological imbalance.
This study collected fish samples over three years at seasonal intervals from two to three subsistence fishing households on Ogii Lake. The species composition identified included Perch (Perca fluviatilis), Ide (Leuciscus idus), Roach (Rutilus rutilus), and Northern Pike (Esox lucius). A total of 1,567 fish from these four species were caught using control nets, with sensory and laboratory analyses conducted in 3–5 replicates. The findings highlight the urgent need for standardized protocols in fishing, transport, processing, and storage to promote fishery sustainability and product quality
Geomorphological study of the origin of Mongolian Altai Mountains Lake depressions: implications for the relationships between tectonic and glacial processes
No full textThe lake depressions in the Mongolian Altai Mountains, and the issues related to their formation have yet to be thoroughly examined in previous research. Previous studies primarily focused on the paleogeographical evolution and glaciation dynamics of the Altai Mountains. This study presents relationships between tectonic and glacial processes that have formed the lake depressions, such asKhoton, Khurgan, Dayan, Khar (western), and Khar (eastern) in the Mongolian Altai Mountains. The depressions of Khoton, Khurgan, and Dayan lakes are situated along regional fault zones, extending in an northwest-southeast direction, forming intermontane depressions directly connected to the Mongolian Altai Mountains. However, the depressions of Dayan, Khar (western), and Khar (eastern) lakes have been dammed by moraine deposits in the near portion of the depression. The compliance matrix of tectonic geomorphological criteria indicates that the Khoton, Khurgan, Dayan Lake, and Khar (western) Lake depressions are more than 50% compatible. Similarly, the compliance matrix for glacial eomorphological criteria indicates more than 60% compliance for all lake depressions. The Mongolian Altai intermontane depressions are thus of tectonic origin, whereas the lakes have a glacial origin, resulting from dammed moraine sediments. The significanceof this work lies in demonstrating how geomorphological research can be employed to provide a detailed understanding of the pattern of lake depressions
Fluoride ion study of deep well water in the Gobi region
No full textThis study aimed to determine the fluoride ion content of deep well water in the Gobi region, compare it with established standards, and identify its origin. Within the scope of the work, we examined the physical and chemical parameters, as well as fluoride ion content of 144 deep well water samples collected from three provinces: Dundgobi, Dornogobi, and Umnugobi. The results were compared with the requirements set by the Mongolian drinking water standard MNS 0900:2018. According to measured pH values, the environment of the analyzed deep well water samples ranged from alkaline to neutral, whereas the hardness varied from very soft to very hard. It was also found that 63.2% percent of the samples did not meet the requirements of the drinking water standard MNS 0900:2018 for fluoride ion content. Specifically, 64.8% of the groundwater samples in Dundgobi province (F- , 0.7-7.18 mg/L), 56.8% in Dornogobi province (F- , 0.04-4.62 mg/L), and 17.4% in Umnugobi province (F- , 0-5.6 mg/ L) exceeded the maximum permissible limit specified in the MNS standard. The analysis revealed that deep well water used as drinking water in the three provinces of the Gobi region falls into multiple mixed composition categories, including hydrocarbonate -sodium, hydrocarbonate-calcium, magnesium, sulfate-sodium, calcium, chlorine, and sulfate-sodium types. Notably, the hydrocarbonate-sodium (HCO3--Na+) type water was found to have a high fluoride content. Due to the presence of multifidous mineral and rock deposits in the three provinces of the Gobi region, it was determined that the water from deep wells undergoes water-rock interactions, and the chemical composition of the water, especifically the fluoride ion content, depend on the geological formations as well as the chemical composition of rocks of the surrounding environment.
Говийн бүсийн гүний худгийн усны фторын ионы судалгаа
Бид энэ удаагийн судалгаагаар говийн бүсийн гүний худгийн усны фторын ионы агуулгыг тодорхойлж, стандарттай харьцуулан дүгнэлт өгөх, гарал үүслийг тодорхойлох зорилгоор энэхүү ажлыг хийж гүйцэтгэв. Энэхүү судалгаанд Дундговь, Дорноговь, Өмнөговь аймгуудын 144 гүний худгийн усны физик-химийн үзүүлэлт, фторын ионы агуулгыг Монгол улсад мөрдөгдөж байгаа ундны усны MNS 0900:2018 стандарт шаардлагатай харьцуулан тодорхойлсон болно. Судалгаанд хамрагдсан гүний худгийн ус нь саармагаас шүлтлэг орчинтой, маш зөөлнөөс маш хатуу усны ангилалд хамаарагдаж байгаа бөгөөд фторын ионы агуулгаараа 63.2% ундны усны стандарт MNS 0900:2018 шаардлага хангахгүй байгааг тодорхойлов. Үүнээс Дундговь аймгийн гүний худгийн усанд (F- 0.7-7.18 мг/л) буюу 64.8%, Дорноговь аймгийн гүний худгуудын усанд (F - 0.04-4.62 мг/л) буюу 56.8%, Өмнөговь аймгийн худгийн усанд (F- 0-5.6 мг/л) буюу 17.4% нь тус тус MNS стандартын зөвшөөрөгдөх дээд агууламжаас хэтэрсэн байна. Мөн говийн бүсийн 3 аймгийн унданд хэрэглэж буй гүний худгийн ус нь гидрокарбонат-натри, гидрокарбонат-кальци, магни, сульфат-натри, кальци, хлор, сульфат-натрийн төрлийн холимог найрлагатай усны ангилалд хамаарагдаж байгаа бөгөөд HCO3- -Na+ төрлийн усанд фтор өндөр агуулгатай байгааг тодорхойлов. Говийн бүсийн 3 аймаг эрдэс, чулуулгийн орд ихтэйн улмаас гүний худгуудын ус нь ус, чулуулгийн харилцан үйлчлэлд орж усны химийн найрлага, фторын ионы агуулга тухайн орчны геологийн тогтоц болон чулуулгаас хамаарч байгааг тогтоов.
Түлхүүр үг: газрын доорх ус, химийн найрлага, гүний худаг, фто
Bosoo khoroot – dinosaur track site
No full textDuring the 2023 field season, the Institute of Paleontology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences-Okayama University of Science Joint Expedition Team (abbre viated as IP-OUS JE) excavated several trampled bedding planes in the vicinity of Bayan-Undur town in the southeastern foot of the Bayankhongor province, far western Gobi Desert. These bedding planes yielded abundant track remains of sauropod, ornithopod, medium, and small theropod dinosaurs. The total number of tracks exceeded one hundred seventy eight. Most of these prints are isolated natural casts and concave imprint scattered on the bedding plain. Theropod footprints are tridactyl and vary from 12 cm to 28 cm in length.
Үлэг гүрвэлийн мөрт Босоо Хороот олдворт газрын судалга
Microorganisms and paleoenvironment of the locality of Eruu tsav, Late Cretaceous, Mongolia
No full textMicroorganisms have been found from the Djadokhta Formation (Upper Cretaceous) in Eruu tsav locality (South-East Mongolia). Were identified five species of Charophytes Atopochara sp., Mesochara stankevichii, Mesochara sp., Mongolichara paucicostata, Mongolichara attenuate, two species of ostracods - Cypridea irennorensis, Mongolicypris sp.. Ecology: the water environment was shallow, coastal, warm, mineralized with sulfur.
Дээд цэрдийн Эрүү цав олдворт газрын (Өмнөговь аймаг) микроорганизм ба усан орчи
The characteristics and literary features of the plays of Yadamsuren Murdendev- the pioneer of Mongolian theater arts: (Dedicated to the 120th anniversary of the Yadamsuren Murdendev)
No full textThe writer M. Yadamsuren’s contribution to the development of Mongolian theater dates back to 1933, when he began teaching political lessons to theater actors. He also served as the theater director, highlighting his contributions and deeds to the development of Mongolian culture and art, including theater art. He re-evaluated the artistic characteristics and creativity of the plays “Khalkhin Baatar” and “Beyond the Locked Door” that were staged on stage, and concluded that the plays fulfilled their responsibilities to the time, society, and people, met social, aesthetic, and intellectual needs, and became a phenomenon in the development of drama in the 1930s in terms of creativeness.
Монголын театрын урлагийн хөгжлийг түүчээлэгч Мөрдэндэвийн Ядамсүрэнгийн жүжгийн зохиолын туурвил зүй, уран сайхны онцлог (Мөрдэндэвийн Ядамсүрэнгийн мэндэлсний 120 жилийн ойд зориулав)
Агуулга: Зохиолч М.Ядамсүрэнгийн Монголын театрын хөгжилд оруулсан хувь нэмэр нь 1933 оноос театрын жүжигчдэд улс төрийн хичээл зааж эхэлсэн үе бөгөөд цаашлаад театрын даргын албыг хашиж, монголын соёл урлаг тэр дундаа театрын урлагийг хөгжүүлэхэд оруулсан хувь нэмэр, үйл хэргийг тодруулан, тайзнаа тавигдсан “Халхын баатар”, “Цоожтой хаалганы чанад” жүжгийн уран сайхны онцлог, туурвил зүйг дахин шинээр үнэлэх, зохиолын тухайн цаг үе, нийгэм, ард олны өмнө хүлээсэн үүргээ биелүүлж, нийгэм, гоо зүй, оюуны хэрэгцээг ханган, туурвил зүйн хувьд 1930-аад оны жүжгийн зохиолын хөгжилд нэг үзэгдэл болсныг дүгнэжээ.
Түлхүүр үг: М.Ядамсүрэн, театр, монголын соёл урлаг, “Халхын баатар”, “Цоожтой хаалганы чанад” жүжиг
Observation on the Book “A Short Summary of Handbook of Forty-Seven Stones of Totgor Astrology”
No full textThis is a summary of the handbook of the forty-seven stones of Totgor astrology by Luvsandagdan, a disciple of Shiva Shirat. The book “Bolor toli” has a length of 14 and 28 pages and was written in 1905 according to our assumption. It consists of a devotional poem with the author’s oath, a final poem with information about the author and blessings, and has the following structure:1. The twelve years (lines 2-4 of page 2a)2. The five entities of wood, fire, earth, metal, and water (lines 4 of page 2a, lines 1-3 of page 2b)
“Тотгорын зурхай дөчин долоон чулууны гарын авлагын товч хураангуй болор толь” хэмээхэд хийсэн ажиглалт
Хураангуй: Тус өгүүлэлд, Шива ширээтийн шавь Лувсандагдангийн бичсэн “Тотгорын зурхай дөчин долоон чулууны гарын авлагын товч хураангуй Болор толь” хэмээх төвөд хэлээр бичсэн, гар бичмэл, 28 тал судрыг төвөд хэлнээс орчуулан, судалгааны эргэлтэд оруулсан болно.
Түлхүүр үг: төвөд хэлт утга зохиол, зурхайн эх сурвалжууд, тотгорын зурха