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The knowledge of parents with infants and toddlers for antibiotic consumption
Get PDFAntibiotics are commonly prescribed in paediatrics. Children were 1.30 times more likely to be treated with antibiotics compared to adults3. Especially, antibiotic prescription is higher in children aged under 5 years. The survey was conducted in a cross-sectional survey design using the questionnaire used in India. The questionnaire were used for scoring KAP. Participants were confused regarding the indication of antibiotics use. This is indicated from the fact that only 173 parents (41.4%) were aware that antibiotics are used against bacterial infection, while 119 parents (28.5%) incorrectly thought that they are used against viruses and 112 parents (26.8%) felt that antibiotics could be used for any microorganism. Concerning the reason of use of antibiotics, majority (n=186) of the parents gave it to the child for cough and cold, followed next by fever (n=169). According to the KAP assessment of the parents who participated in the survey, there were 20 with poor knowledge, 168 with medium knowledge, and 230 with good knowledge. More than half (55.0%) of 418 parents have good or sufficient knowledge of the appropriate use of antibiotics, and the rest (45.0%) have medium and low knowledge or insufficient knowledge
Studying the special features of some recipes in Lamyn Gegeen’s “Man Ngag Bdud Rtsi Zegs Ma”
Get PDFIt is very important to highlight the unique experience of transplanting the achievements of Oriental Buddhist culture to the Mongolian land and the unique features that it contributed to Mongolian cultural history from the works of the Lamyn gegeen Luvsandanzanjantsan, written in Tibetan, the scientific and religious language of his time, three centuries ago. At the same time, the study was conducted to demonstrate the validity of the WHO’s guidelines for evidence-based development of traditional medicine and to research the works of Mongolian doctors. To identify the medicines written with evidence by comparing the medical work of the Mongolian Lamyn gegeen Luvsandanzanjantsan, “Man ngag bdud rtsi zegs ma.” The study was conducted using the comparative method of source literature, the method of source literature classification, the method of analysis-synthesis, and the method of hermeneutics. There are 36 proven recipes in the work “Man ngag bdud rtsi zegs ma,” which is 24.2% of the total recipes in the work. These include: In addition to naming the recipes for treating diseases, it clearly states the additions, side effects, and which diseases are suitable for which diseases. It clearly states the method of preparing widely used recipes. It clearly states the method of preparing and administering medicines according to the stage of chronic and severe diseases, which is of high clinical significance. The recipes in this work are based on his many years of medical experience. The recipes for treating diseases are widely used, accounting for 7.4% of the total recipes in this work. Many secret recipes from Lamyn gegeen Luvsandanzanjantsan’s hand are included. It is unique that he used a combination of medicine and mantra to treat. The Lamyn gegeen Luvsandanzanjantsan systematically summarized his observations and experiences in this work, wrote about traditional medicines that had clear treatment results, and was the first to create evidence-based medical education in Mongolia
Correlation between ore mineralogical composition at different depths and Bond Work Index for the Erdenetiin Ovoo Cu-Mo porphyry deposit, Mongolia
No full textThe Erdenetiin Ovoo Cu-Mo porphyry deposit in Mongolia is the largest copper mine corporation in the nation. In this study, we investigate the grinding properties of biotite granodiorite and granodiorite rock alteration relative to variations in mine depth, with a specific focus on their correlation with mineral composition. The Bond Work Index experimental tests are applied to the Cu-Mo porphyry ore from the Erdenet Mining Corporation in Mongolia. The samples used in this study were collected representing 10 composites of 5 different depth levels with an interval of ~90 m within the 1175-725 m sampling elevation. The chemical, surface analytical, and mineralogical characterizations of the two types of biotite granodiorite and granodiorite ores are performed using Inductively Coupled Plasma, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray diffractometer methods. Results of the chemical analysis indicate that the Cu and Mo percentages of both biotite granodiorite and granodiorite consistently decreased with depth profiling. The X-ray diffractometer data of mineral composition are used in setting up the prediction of the Bond Work Index estimation model. An equation-based approach to the Bond Work Index estimation model demonstrates a strong linear correlation (R²=0.895) with the measured Bond Work Index from experimental tests, with the highest Bond Work Index measured at 19.06 kWh/t. Our experimental results indicate that strong correlations were identified between the major mineral phases and the Bond Work Index values through the integration of ore hardness and mineralogical data
Investigation of reused preparatory workings deformations of as a result of cleaning operations
No full textTo achieve economically efficient and safe underground coal mining, the technology of preserving and reusing workings is most effective. However, due to the effects of moisture and rheological processes, the deformation characteristics of rocks diminish. This results in actual displacements in the workings that exceed the calculated values, a factor not considered in the calculations but significant for the mines in Western Donbass. The aim of this study is to perform field measurements to identify the main patterns of deformation in the roof and floor of the workings within the influence zone of cleaning operations. The displacement calculation method for Western Donbass mines assumes a constant and uniform increase in rock contour displacements over time (except for the initial 20-40 days post-excavation), even outside the influence zone of cleaning works. The monitoring data presented here reveal the poor condition of reused workings, highlighting flaws in the calculation methodology. This study provides results from instrumental measurements and monitoring of the condition of preparatory workings during their reuse. The established patterns of deformation development in the preparatory workings allow for predicting the stability of workings supported in the worked-out part of the longwall faces in the conditions of Western Donbass mines, assessing their suitability for venting gas-air mixtures, and implementing timely technical measures to support the workings
Evaluating the Governance of Specialized Hospitals with a Board of Directors: The Case of Mongolia
Get PDFObjective: This study investigates the influence of organisational climate, professional development, and work outcomes on clinical governance in hospitals, with a focus on the Mongolian healthcare system. Clinical governance is a multidimensional framework that seeks to ensure the continuous improvement of healthcare quality by integrating professional standards, accountability mechanisms, and evidence-based management practices. Despite its recognised importance in international contexts, research on clinical governance in Mongolia remains limited, particularly regarding the organisational factors that shape its effectiveness. Methods: To address this gap, structured questionnaires were administered to 605 hospital staff, representing a diverse range of clinical and administrative roles. Data were collected online between August 2022 and February 2023 to ensure broad participation while minimising disruption to hospital operations. The study employed both SmartPLS 3.0 for structural equation modelling and SPSS 24.0 for descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, enabling robust hypothesis testing and triangulation of results. Results: Three hypotheses were tested concerning the relationship between organisational climate, professional development, work outcomes, and clinical governance. The findings revealed that two hypotheses demonstrated statistically significant positive associations, indicating that supportive organisational environments and opportunities for continuous professional growth enhance clinical governance. Conversely, one hypothesis indicated a negative association, suggesting that adverse work-related pressures may undermine governance outcomes. The study makes several contributions to the literature. Conclusion: Theoretically, it expands the understanding of governance by linking institutional climate and individual development to governance performance. Empirically, it provides rare evidence from a specialised hospital context in Mongolia, contributing to comparative knowledge in global health governance. Practically, the findings suggest that hospital leaders and policymakers should prioritise strengthening organisational climate, investing in professional development, and mitigating negative work pressures to enhance governance effectiveness and ultimately improve clinical outcomes
Enhanced cadmium (II) adsorption via calcium alginate encapsulation of HPMBP in heavy metal remediation
Get PDFHeavy metal contamination from industrial activities poses serious environmental and health risks, particularly from cadmium (Cd), and the removal through adsorption using calcium alginate encapsulated with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (HPMBP) offers a promising solution. This study aims to improve Cd(II) ion adsorption by encapsulating HPMBP in calcium alginate beads and assess its effectiveness in contaminated water remediation. HPMBP was synthesized and encapsulated in calcium alginate beads to produce Ca-alginate-HPMBP microcapsules, characterized using FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Adsorption experiments evaluated pH, contact time, initial Cd(II) concentration, and adsorbent mass effects. Desorption cycles were also tested to evaluate reusability, and environmental samples were examined to assess practical application. Optimal adsorption was achieved at pH 6, with Ca-alginate-HPMBP showing enhanced adsorption capacity (94.34 mg/g) compared to Ca-alginate alone (9.66 mg/g). Adsorption equilibrium was reached within five hours. Higher initial Cd(II) concentrations improved adsorption efficiency, following a Langmuir isotherm model. The material demonstrated high recovery rates in desorption cycles, and field tests with environmental samples showed a Cd(II) recovery rate of 101.89%. Encapsulation of HPMBP in calcium alginate enhances Cd(II) ion adsorption, providing an efficient, reusable adsorbent for heavy metal remediation in contaminated water sources, supporting sustainable solutions for water contamination challenges
Acid leaching of rare earth elements from coal ash obtained from a Mongolian surface mine
Get PDFRare earth elements (REEs) are crucial for various renewable and clean technologies, increasing the importance of their recovery from secondary sources. This study determines if REE content and recovery from coal samples, and their ash, could be obtained from a Mongolian coal mine deposit in sufficient quantities for reuse. 9 different coal samples were examined and the highest REE concentrations were found in samples 3, 7, and 4. Upon burning, REEs in the coal ash samples significantly increased in all three samples. Direct acid leaching further improved REE recovery (S3); moreover, when alkali pre-treatment and 1M hydrochloric acid leaching were used, REE recovery was increased even further (sample 7). These findings characterize coal ash at this mining site, and indicate that it could serve as a viable secondary source of REEs, using optimized leaching methods to enhance the effectiveness, for potential industrial applications in Mongolia
Prevalence of Occupational Diseases caused by vibration, 1975 to 2022: National baseline survey
No full textObjective: Prolonged occupational vibration exposure can cause neurological, musculoskeletal, and connective tissue disorders. Establishing a national baseline in Mongolia is essential to determine the prevalence of vibration-related occupational diseases and to guide evidence-based policy interventions. To establish baseline evidence on the point prevalence and characteristics of vibration-related occupational diseases among individuals diagnosed with work-related disabilities in Mongolia. Methods: A descriptive desk review was conducted using data from 10,219 registered occupational disease cases between 1975 and 2022. Vibration-related cases (ICD codes: G54, G54.1, T75, T75.2, M21) were identified in two stages. A total of 952 cases were analyzed using STATA 12.0. Results: Of the 10,219 cases, 952 (9.3%) were vibration-related, including 895 (94.1%) whole-body vibration (WBV) and 57 (5.9%) hand-arm vibration (HAV) cases. The mean age at loss of work ability due to vibration-related disease was 43.38 ± 6.32 years, with an average exposure duration of 17.62 ± 5.63 years. The mining sector showed the highest prevalence, at 224.86 cases per 100,000 working-age population. Among WBV-related diseases, nerve root and plexus disorders (G54) were most common (38.26 per 100,000), while acquired limb deformities (M21) predominated in HAV cases (1.98 per 100,000). Conclusion: Vibration-induced occupational diseases mainly affect the mining sector. The frequent neurological and musculoskeletal disorders highlight the need for accurate differential diagnosis to ensure effective prevention and management
Sand burial of the Great Mongol
No full textIt can be clearly seen from the archeological site that medieval age Mongols used several different forms of burial, such as stone-lined graves, rock burials, sand burials, and mural tomb. This sand burial of Burdnii was discovered in 2021 in Tes sum, Uvs province, Mongolia. Among those many types, this time, a sand burial related to the Great Mongol, which is not very common, is discussed in detail. We have had samples from sand burial subjected to dating analysis (14C) in the the Ancient Protein and Isotope Laboratory at the University of Michigan. As a result, AD 1200-1222, median probability AD 1202.
Бүрдний элсний оршуулга
Хураангуй. Дундад зууны Монголчууд талийгаачдаа оршуулахдаа чулуун дараастай булш, хадны оршуулга, элсний оршуулга, бунхант оршуулга зэрэг хэд хэдэн өөр хэлбэрүүдийг зэрэгцүүлэн ашиглаж байсныг археологийн биет хэрэглэгдэхүүнээс тодорхой харж болно. Тэдгээр олон хэлбэрүүдээс энэ удаа төдийлөн элбэг тохиолдоод байдаггүй элсний нэгэн оршуулгын талаар тусгайлан авч үзэв. Бүрдний элсний оршуулгын модны үлдэгдлээс дээж авч АНУ ын Мичиганы Их Сургуулийн “Ancient Protein and Isotope” лабораторид илгээж 14С-ийн шинжилгээ хийлгэхэд үнэмлэхүй он цагийг дундаж магадлалаар НТ 1202 он хэмээн тодорхойлсон юм. Түүхэн үечлэлээр Их Монгол улсын үед холбогдох энэхүү элсний оршуулгыг нутгийн иргэний мэдээллийн мөрөөр 2021 онд Увс аймгийн Тэс сумын нутаг Бүрдний элс хэмээх газарт малтан шинжилсэн юм.
Түлхүүр үг: Их нууруудын хотгор, элсний оршуулга, Их Монгол ул
Archaeological Investigation of Khirgisuur at Argal Mountain
No full textThis article presents the preliminary results of the excavations of Bronze Age archaeological monuments located in the territory of Ögöömr bag, Lün soum of Töv province, specifically on Argal Mountain. Of the nine investigated monuments, seven belong to the khirgisuur cultural tradition, while the remaining features represent different chronological periods. Monuments Nos. 10, 14, 15, and 23 are khirgisuur structures with rectangular enclosures, whereas Monuments Nos. 11, 12, and 13 have circular enclosures. The Khirgisuur–deer Stone cultural horizon flourished for approximately 600 years, from the 13th to the 8th centuries BCE. Over this long duration, its creators constructed burial and ritual complexes across an expansive territory stretching from Trans-Baikal in the north to the Gobi Desert in the south, and from the Khentii Mountains in the east across the Altai Mountains to the Tian Shan in the west. Excavations of sites belonging to this period have been relatively limited in this region. Nevertheless, the present research demonstrates continuous human occupation since ancient times, reveals distinctive funerary practices, and provides evidence for complex cultural processes. Thus, the study holds significant scholarly value.
Аргал ууланд малтан судалсан хиргисүүрийн судалгаа
Хураангуй. Энэхүү өгүүлэлд Төв аймгийн Лүн сумын Өгөөмөр багийн нутаг дахь Аргал уулын хүрэл зэвсгийн үеийн дурсгалыг малтан судалсан урьдчилсан үр дүнгийн талаар танилцуулж байна. Эдгээр 9 дурсгалын 7 нь хиргисүүрийн соёлд хамаарах дурсгал, харин бусад нь он цагийн хувьд өөр цаг үед холбогдох юм. Малтан судалсан 10, 14, 15, 23-р дурсгалууд нь дөрвөлжин хүрээтэй хиргисүүр бол 11, 12, 13-р хиргисүүрүүд нь дугуй хүрээтэй юм. Хиргисүүр-буган хөшөөний соёлынхон НТӨ XIII-VIII зуун буюу 600 орчим жилийн хугацаанд оршин тогтнохдоо газар нутгийн хувьд хойд тал нь Өвөр Байгал, өмнөд тал нь Говь, зүүн тал нь Хэнтий нуруу, баруун тийш Алтай нуруу, цаашлаад Тэнгэр уул хүртэл асар уудам нутагт өөрсдийн булш, оршуулга, тахилын байгууламжийг бүтээн цогцлоосон байдаг. Тухайн бүс нутагт энэ үеийн дурсгалуудын малтлага судалгаа харьцангуй бага хийгдсэн байдаг ба энэ бүс нутагт эрт цагаас хүн тасралтгүй оршин амьдарч байсан, оршуулгын өвөрмөц зан үйл, олон соёлын үйл явц бүрэлдэн тогтсон болохыг харуулах судалгаа болсноороо эрдэм шинжилгээний хувьд чухал ач холбогдолтой юм.
Түлхүүр үг: хүрлийн үе, хиргисүүр, хүрээ, дагуул байгууламж, хадны зура