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Polymorphisms in TP53, MDM2 Genes and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Mongolian Population
Get PDFObjective: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common malignancies of the kidney, with genetic factors playing a critical role in its development. Among the key genetic factors, TP53 and MDM2 gene polymorphisms have been implicated in cancer susceptibility, but their association with RCC remains unclear in different populations. This study evaluated the association of TP53 and MDM2 gene polymorphisms with RCC risk among Mongolian individuals. Method: In a hospital-based case-control study, 88 RCC cases and 88 matched controls were analyzed for TP53 and MDM2 variants using RFLP-PCR based genotyping. Results: The TP53 CG and CC genotypes and MDM2 TG and GG genotypes were not significantly associated with RCC risk when considered individually. However, individuals carrying the MDM2 GG and TP53 CC genotypes showed elevated RCC risk, although statistical significance was not reached. No strong interaction effects between genotypes and clinical risk factors such as smoking or urinary tract disease were observed. Conclusion: While TP53 and MDM2 polymorphisms showed trends toward association with RCC, larger studies are warranted to clarify their roles in genetic susceptibility within the Mongolian population
Identifying Risk Factors for Impaired Pulmonary Function in COVID-19 Patients: Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFObjective: COVID-19 has an impact on various organs, including heart, kidney, lung, and liver. However, respiratory system has been the primary organ mostly affected, ranging from asymp tomatic to critical stages of the disease. The risk of developing impaired pulmonary function depends on multiple factors, including demographic and clinical manifestations such as severi ty of the disease, comorbidities, and treatment options. As the number of new COVID-19 cases declines, public health experts and medical doctors are increasingly interested in conditions after COVID-19 and are working to improve the quality of life for affected patients. Our study aim was to investigate risk factors associated with impaired pulmonary function in individuals recovered from severe COVID-19. Method: The study was conducted using a hospital-based, cross-sectional study design. A total of 268 participants who visited the Pulmonology and Allergology Center of The First Central Hospital of Mongolia for a follow-up examination one year after contracting COVID-19 between 2022 and 2023. Demographic data, comorbidities, severity of initial infection, hospitalization history, and spirometry were analyzed to determine their association with post-COVID-19 impairment of pulmonary function. Results: This study identified the risk factors significantly associated with altered pulmonary function in post COVID-19. 50.4% of individuals with initial severe infection had altered pulmonary function. Severe group had higher odds of decreasing FVC (predicted %) compared to the asymptomatic group (OR=3.69; 95% CI; P =0.003). For comorbidities, patients with cardiovascular disease were significantly more likely to decrease FVC (predicted %) compared to participants who had no comorbidities (OR=4.22; 95% CI; P =0.040). Moreover, patients with chronic lung diseases had a significantly high of impaired FVC (%), with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.46 (95% CI, P =0.005) Conclusion: Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular and chronic lung diseases, and severe initial infection have a significantly higher likelihood of impaired pulmonary function compared to those with other comorbidities, and non-severe COVID-19
The significance of Tsagaan Agui in Mongolian Paleolithic Archaeology
No full textTsagaan Agui (White Cave; Цагаан Агуй), located in the Gobi Altai Mountains of southern Mongolia, represents one of the few stratified and well-dated Pleistocene archaeological sites now known in the Gobi Desert. Archaeological studies undertaken at Tsagaan Agui since 1995 have revealed that the cave’s sediments contain cultural remains ranging from the Middle and, possibly, Lower Paleolithic, to the later historic period. Analyses of these deposits suggest environmental conditions favorable for intermittent human occupation existed throughout most of the Pleistocene and early to middle Holocene, the latter likely during periods of larger-scale climatic and environmental degradation
From Campus to Crime: Unveiling the Link Between Graduate Unemployment and Social Crimes in Lagos, Nigeria: From Campus to Crime
No full textThis study explores the relationship between unemployment and social crimes among university graduates in the Kosofe Local Government Area of Lagos State. The research aimed to answer five key questions and tested corresponding hypotheses. An ex-post facto design was adopted, with a sample drawn from the population of young people in Kosofe. The sample of 400 individuals was selected through purposeful sampling from locations such as bars, betting centres, and okada rider parks. Data was collected using a self-structured questionnaire, the USCG (Unemployment and Social Crimes Graduate) questionnaire, which was validated through face validity. A pilot study in the Ikorodu Local Government Area confirmed the reliability of the instrument. The data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and t-test statistical tools. The findings indicated that there is no significant relationship between graduate unemployment and cybercrime, but a significant relationship was found between graduate unemployment and gambling, prostitution, and youth restiveness. Additionally, no significant gender differences in social crimes among unemployed graduates were observed. The study concluded that graduate unemployment contributes to social crimes such as gambling, prostitution, and youth restiveness. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the government create more industries to address graduate unemployment, thereby reducing cybercrime and other associated social crimes
The Predictors of Foreign Tourists\u27 demand of Mongolia: the Application of Gravity Model
Get PDFThe tourism sector makes a significant contribution to the economy, society, and the environment. In recent years, the number of foreign tourists visiting in Mongolia has dramatically increased due to Mongolian government has successfully implemented the comprehensive measures to develop the tourism sector and attract foreign tourists more to Mongolia. However, there is a need to enhance the competitiveness of the tourism sector of Mongolia as well as improve the certain challenges including geographical, external and internal issues in the tourism sector of Mongolia. As a result of the successful implementation of the “Go Mongolia” held by the Mongolian government, the demand for foreign tourists to travel to Mongolia has been growing up gradually after Covid. Therefore, the aim of present study is to analysis the determinants of foreign tourism demand to Mongolia by utilizing an gravity model with panel data, which included the leading 28 tourist countries visiting in Mongolia for the 2000–-2023 period. According to the results of the regression analysis, the variables including GDP per capita of the visiting country, border dummy variable, and expenditure per foreign tourist were statistically significant positive. The results of the present study indicate that these variables are positively related to the demand for foreign tourists to Mongolia, while a distance between countries and the provision of sanitation facilities in Mongolia were negatively related.
Гадаадын жуулчдын Монгол Улсад аялах эрэлтэд нөлөөлөх хүчин зүйлсийн шинжилгээ: Таталцлын загварын аргыг ашиглах нь
Хураангуй: Аялал жуулчлалын салбар нь эдийн засаг, нийгэм, байгаль орчинд тодорхой хувь нэмэр оруулдаг салбар билээ. Сүүлийн жилүүдэд гадаадын орнуудаас Монголд аялах жуулчдын тоо нэмэгдэж, мөн Засгийн газраас аялал жуулчлалын салбарыг хөгжүүлэх цогц арга хэмжээнүүдийг амжилттай хэрэгжүүлж байгаа хэдий ч газар зүй, гадаад болон дотоод нөхцөл байдалтай холбоотой олон үзүүлэлтүүдийг сайжруулах, аялал жуулчлалын салбарын өрсөлдөх чадварыг дээшлүүлэх шаардлагатай байна. Монгол Улсын Засгийн газраас “Go Mongolia” арга хэмжээг амжилттай хэрэгжүүлсний үр дүнд гадаадын жуулчдын Монголд аялах эрэлт нэмэгдэж байна. Иймд Монголд аялах гадаадын жуулчдын эрэлтэд ямар хүчин зүйлс нөлөөлж байна уу гэсэн асуултад хариулт өгөх зорилгоор 2000-2023 оны хугацааны тэргүүлэх жуулчлагч 28 орны панел өгөгдөлтэй Таталцлын загварыг ашиглан регресийн шинжилгээ хийсэн. Регрессийн шинжилгээний үр дүнгээр гадаадын жуулчдын Монголд аялах эрэлтэд аялагч орны нэг хүнд ногдох ДНБ, хиллэдэг эсэх байдал, гадаадын нэг жуулчнаас гарах зардал зэрэг үзүүлэлтүүд нь эерэг, харин улс хоорондын зай болон Монголын ариун цэврийн байгууламжийн хангамж зэрэг үзүүлэлтүүд сөрөг хамааралтай гэсэн үр дүн гарсан.
Түлхүүр үгс: Таталцлын загвар, Панел өгөгдөл, Гадаадын жуулчдын эрэлт, аялал жуулчлалын салба
Magnetotelluric studies in Mongolia: Progress status and outlook
No full textMongolia is a unique natural laboratory for studying intracontinental surface deformation and intraplate volcanism due to its location within the high plateaus of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, far away from active plate margins. The region is also characterized by zones of economically significant mineral deposits and vast geothermal resources, which are intrinsically linked to its lithospheric architecture and crust-mantle interactions. Key earth’s properties, such as temperature, fluid content, and partial melt, influence the subsurface electrical conductivity - a target parameter of the magnetotelluric method. Between 2016 and 2024, two large-scale international magnetotelluric projects were conducted, resulting in more than 784 magnetotelluric measurements across a vast area of about 1000×1250 km2. Additionally, from 2019 to 2023, a focused international magnetotelluric study was carried out at the geothermal field near Tsenkher in the Khangai Mountains, with 256 magnetotelluric measurements over a smaller area of about 35×40 km2. These projects contributed significantly to understanding the region’s lithospheric processes and geothermal systems. Crucially, the knowledge transfer from these collaborative projects has enabled Mongolian researchers to initiate and perform their own magnetotelluric surveys to explore geologically significant areas across the region. This review details performed magnetotelluric surveys (as of the end of 2024), highlights the key results, and discusses potential directions for future research
From Hunters to Herders in Eastern Mongolia: Long-Term Trends in Animal Hunting and Management
No full textZooarchaeology or the study of animal remains from archaeological sites gives important information about many aspects of human societies in the past, including cultural practices, hunting strategies, diet, and also the environment. Here, we present the results of zooarchaeological analysis from Palaeolithic and Neolithic sites in eastern Mongolia. We show that horses were one of the most important species in all periods and that wild cattle (aurochs) became increasingly important in the Neolithic. It is also clear that both environment and hunting strategies changed beginning around 8500 cal BP, when precipitation increased and temperatures were warmer across East Asia. The types of species recovered from Neolithic sites show an increase in the range of animals hunted, specifically more focus on hard to catch prey like hare/rabbit (Leporids), foxes, and even birds. Species diversity decreased again in the Bronze Age with the introduction of domesticated herd animals. The results show that relationships between humans, herds, and grasslands were fundamental to the development of Mongolian society, regardless of climate change. We should envision the three pillars of pastoralism – herder-pasture-livestock – as fundamental to sustainable subsistence in Mongolia with its roots stretching back to the Palaeolithic. 
Using Microsoft Excel for Lesson Transcript Analysis
Get PDFTranscript-Based Lesson Analysis (TBLA) involves transcribing entire lesson recordings into verbatim notes, followed by both quantitative and qualitative analyses to derive meaningful conclusions. This process demands substantial effort and time on the part of the researcher. For example, the researcher must listen to the lesson recording multiple times and transcribe every word spoken by both the teacher and students verbatim, ensuring complete accuracy without omissions or errors. Therefore, automating the TBLA process is essential not only for enhancing the reliability and accuracy of research findings but also for improving researcher productivity. This study introduces an automated digital tool for Transcript-Based Lesson Analysis (TBLA), developed using Microsoft Excel’s Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and graphical user interface (GUI) functionalities. We applied the tool to analyze an 11th-grade mathematics lesson, demonstrating that the use of this automated digital tool not only facilitates the researcher’s workload but also enhances the validity and reliability of the results. In the future, the application of this digital tool can be expanded to enhance the outcomes of lesson analysis, facilitate lesson sensitivity analysis, and support the development of data-driven approaches in educational research
Beyond the Pandemic: Last-Mile Teachers’ Insights for Future-Ready Education in Rural Schools
Get PDFModular Distance Learning (MDL) became a critical mode of instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in remote schools with limited access to technology and internet connectivity. In this context, learners independently complete lessons using printed self-learning modules, while teachers are responsible for preparing, distributing, and retrieving these materials. This study explores the lived experiences of the last-mile teachers regarding the implementation of MDL in a public secondary school located in a remote community. Using a phenomenological research design, the study captured the lived experiences of 15 teachers selected through purposive and convenience sampling based on their involvement in MDL. In-depth interviews served as the primary data collection method, and thematic analysis was used to identify recurring patterns and insights. The findings reveal a complex view of MDL, with teachers recognizing both its advantages, such as flexibility and learner autonomy, and its disadvantages, including time-consuming preparation and limited resources. Key challenges included difficulties in monitoring student progress, engaging parents, and managing inconsistent work arrangements. To cope, teachers employed action-based strategies, such as home visitations, and emotion-based strategies, such as maintaining a positive outlook and offering emotional support. The study offers recommendations to enhance MDL implementation, including strengthening teacher support, fostering greater parental involvement, and improving training and resource allocation. The study concludes that while MDL has shown potential as a solution during crises, its future success depends on community-wide support, improved logistical coordination, and policies that are adaptable to the evolving needs of educators and students in remote contexts
Financial Influencers’ Impact on Investor Decision Making
Get PDFFinding out how financial influences impact investors\u27 decisions when they trade on the Mongolian Stock Exchange is the aim of the study. It also seeks to determine the behavioral characteristics of investors and evaluate the ways in which irrational conduct complicates the process of making investment decisions. We carried out the study in two ways in order to accomplish the aforementioned goals. They are:
Questionnaire study: To ascertain how influencers affect investors\u27 choices, the study gathered primary data from 80 investors in total. The findings indicate that investors\u27 well-being is positively impacted by financial influencers, and that stock market participation is positively impacted by influencers and investor well-being.
For a total of 3088 days, from 2013.01.01 to 2024.10.31, the price data of "Tavan Tolgoi" JSC, listed on the Mongolian Stock Exchange, as well as 254 tweets from official sources and social influencers that might have an impact on it (positive 61.0%, negative 39.0%), were evaluated using the autoregressive model. According to some of the study\u27s findings, information about the company\u27s earnings, dividends, and financial standing has a greater influence on price than information on the coal markets in China and Mongolia. Additionally, it was discovered that although social influencers\u27 positive information had a favorable effect on the price that day and the day next, their negative information had a significant negative effect.
JEL ангилал: E62, C11, C4