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Analysis of the long song “Barga gurvan bor”
No full textFolk songs reflect society, nature, people’s lives, history of struggles, their ideals and behaviors. Folk songs of the Barga Mongolians are an intangible cultural heritage that they composed and passed down from generation to generation. Barga folk songs reflect the rituals of the Barga people, including herding culture, household culture, historical events, historical people, religion, ideals, and weddings. There is a concentration of thought that favors sunset. When talking about the long songs of the Barga people, it is necessary to mention the three bors of Barga. Er bor hartsaga, Soyog bor, Bor bor byalzuuhai, which are popularly known as the three bors of Barga, are called songs to cheer people up. These songs are the roots of barga folk songs. We aimed to examine these songs from several aspects, including style, subject matter, continuity of tradition, and singing style. The main feature is that they are different from the khalkh and borjigon versions in terms of their tone, and that they have a lot of ornamentation at the beginning of the song that suits their dialect characteristics, and that they often end their songs with a khayal, which is usually a minor style of long songs. However, the example of the singer’s personality and creativity is an example of the legacy of the singer Myagmarsuren. He sang the vowels with a large vowel, which made the barga urtyn song richer and broader. The characteristics of the above three songs, including the structure of the melody, intonation, and ornamentation, were analyzed musically.
“Баргын гурван бор” уртын дуунд хийсэн шинжилгээ
Хураангуй: Ардын дуунд нийгэм, байгаль, ард түмний амьдрал тэмцлийн түүх, тэдний үзэл баримтлал, зан үйл зэргийг тусгаж байдаг. Барга монголчуудын ардын дуу бол өөрсдөө зохион дуулж, үеийн үед өвлөн уламжлуулсан биет бус соёлын өв билээ. Барга ардын дуунд баргачуудын мал маллах соёл, ахуйн соёл, түүхэн үйл явдал, түүхт хүмүүс, шашин шүтлэг, үзэл баримтлал, хурим найрыг багтаасан зан үйлийн талаар тусгасан байдаг бөгөөд нутаг усаа тахиж, өвөг дээдсээ хүндэлж, үр хүүхдээ энхрийлэн, энх амгаланг хүсэж, бүгдээр жаргахыг эрхэмлэдэг сэтгэлгээний төвлөрөл оршдог. Барга уртын дууны тухай өгүүлэхэд Баргын гурван борын тухай заавал дурдах хэрэгтэй. Баргын гурван бор гэж алдаршсан “Эр бор харцага”, “Соёг бор”, “Бор бор бялзуухай”-г хүмүүс хийморь сэргээх дуу гэдэг. Эдгээр дуу бол барга ардын дууны сор нь юм. Дуунуудыг бид хэв шинж, сэдэв агуулга, уламжлал залгамж чанар болон дуулах хэв маяг зэрэг хэд хэдэн талаас авч үзэхийг зорьсон. Гол онцлог нь аялгууны царааны хувьд халх, боржигон хувилбараас ялгаатай, хэл аялгууны онцлогтоо тохирсон дууны эхлэл чимэг ихтэйгээс гадна дуугаа ихэвчлэн хаялгаар төгсгөдөг, ихэвчлэн уртын дууны бэсрэг хэв шинжид хамаарна. Гэхдээ дуучны онцлог, бүтээлч чанар нөлөөтэй болохыг өвлөн уламжлагч Мягмарсүрэнгийн жишээ харуулж байна. Тэрээр эгшгийг томж дуулсан нь барга уртын дууг улам баялаг, өргөн болгожээ. Дээрх гурван дууны онцлог, аялгууны бүтэц, эгшиглэгээ, чимэглэл зэрэгт хөгжмийн шинжилгээ хийлээ.
Түлхүүр үгс: Бор бор бялзуухай, Эр бор харцага, Соёг бор, домгийн судалгаа, хөгжмийн шинжилгэ
Reconstructing the braided hair styles of the slab burial culture from stelae stone and petroglyph
Get PDFThe main source for identifying how the people of the Slab burial culture make and style their hair is the monuments of the burial and petroglyph which were left by them. In additionally, it is how the ancient nomads of the Bronze and Early Iron age who lived in the territory of Mongolia they make and style their hair the question one of the exciting research topic. Therefore, now we are trying to identify this question only within the context of the Slab burial culture. To find out the answer the question, we analyzed and categorized depiction of people on the enclosure of slab burials, the image of braids on the back side of statue stones erected in the certain distance to the east of the burial, and human figures in petroglyph. Through this comparative method, we determined the meaning, function, and gender of those representations as follows. According to the research results, it is common to find the images of people performing dance-like movements carved on the enclosure stones of slab burials, in many case on slabs at the head or foot of the burials. These ritual scenes are mainly led by men. As viewing by their hairstyles, the men are depicted with a single braid, women are shown with two braids. On the stelae stones, the depiction of a single braid may indicate that the statue was erected in honor of a male individual, possibly the burial’s owner.
Дөрвөлжин булшны соёлынхны гэзэг үсний заслыг хөшөө чулуу болон хадны зургаас тодруулах нь
Хураангуй: Дөрвөлжин булшны соёлын хүмүүс гэзэг үсээ хэрхэн засаж янзалдаг байсныг тодруулах гол эх сурвалж бол тэдний үлдээсэн булш оршуулга болон хадны зургийн дурсгал юм. Монгол нутагт оршин амьдарч байсан хүрэл, төмрийн түрүү үеийн эртний нүүдэлчид гэзэг үсээ ямар хэлбэрээр засаж гоёдог байсан тухай асуудал судалгааны нэгэн сонирхолтой сэдэв болохын хувьд бид энэ удаад зөвхөн дөрвөлжин булшны соёлын хүрээнд уг асуудлыг тодруулахыг хичээв. Энэ асуултад хариулт олох үүднээс дөрвөлжин булшны хашлага чулуун дээрх хүмүүсийн дүрслэл, булшнаас зүүн тийш тодорхой зайд босгосон хөшөө чулууны ар тал дахь гэзэгний дүрслэл болон хадны зургийн хүний дүрүүдийг хооронд нь харьцуулан ангилах аргаар судалгааны хэрэглэгдэхүүнээ бүрдүүлж тэдний утга агуулга, үүрэг зориулалт, нас хүйсийг дараах байдлаар тодорхойлов. Судалгааны үр дүнгээс харахад дөрвөлжин булшны хашлага чулуун дээрх бүжиг мэт хөдөлгөөн хийж буй хүмүүсийг ихэвчлэн булшны хөл эсвэл толгой талын хавтан чулуун дээр дүрслэх нь түгээмэл ба уг ёслолыг голчлон эрчүүд магнайлан гүйцэтгэж байна. Эдгээр хүмүүсийн үс гэзгээ зассан байдлаас харахад эрчүүд үсээ нэгээр, эмэгтэйчүүд хоёр салаа болгон гөрснөөр дүрсэлжээ. Харин хөшөө чулуун дээр нэг салаа гэзгийг дүрслэн харуулж буй нь тухайн булшны эзэн болох эрэгтэй хүнд зориулан босгосон байж болох юм.
Түлхүүр үг: Дөрвөлжин булш, гэзэг үсний засал, хөшөө чулуу, хадны зура
A Survey of Lifelong Learning Policy Implementation in Mongolia: Example of National Literacy Education Program
Get PDFThe concept of lifelong learning encompasses a wide range of learning types, including formal, informal and non-formal learning. It also includes the skills, knowledge, attitudes and behaviors that people acquire through their day-to-day experiences. In this study, we examined current status of lifelong learning policy implementation and stakeholders involved in its execution using various methods. We selected and analyzed the “National Literacy Education Program” to examine current status of lifelong learning policy implementation. We collected and used the secondary sources data from previously published works. Subsequently, we surveyed a total of 93 educators from lifelong learning centers in Mongolia through the questionary to examine stakeholders’ involvement in policy implementation. According to our findings, we highlight that consistency of government\u27s policy on lifelong learning is crucial for its development and for improving the public accessibility. Additionally, stakeholder engagement, teacher leadership and stakeholder opinions positively influence the increased involvement of stakeholders in the implementation of lifelong learning policies
Optimal UAV Flight altitude for Multispectral monitoring of Wheat growth in Bayantsogt, Mongolia
Get PDFThis study evaluated the growth stages of wheat crops in the agricultural fields of Bayantsogt Soum, Tuv aimag-province, Mongolia, using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multispectral cameras. Aerial imagery was captured at four spatial resolutions - 1.59 cm, 3.63 cm, 5.44 cm, and 11.35 cm - corresponding to flight altitudes of 30 m, 80 m, 120 m, and 250 m, respectively. Six vegetation indices (NDVI, GNDVI, LCI, NDRE, NDWI, and OSAVI) were calculated to evaluate their relationships with wheat biometric parameters. The determinant coefficient (R²) values for these indices were: LCI (0.81), OSAVI (0.79), NDRE (0.76), NDVI (0.76), NDWI (0.75), and GNDVI (0.73). Regarding spatial resolution, the corresponding R² values were 0.62 (1.59 ± 0.46 cm), 0.87 (3.63 ± 0.02 cm), 0.88 (5.44 ± 0.06 cm), and 0.68 (11.35 ± 0.04 cm) respectively. The findings indicate that the optimal flight altitude for estimating wheat growth characteristics was 120 m, providing a high correlation at a resolution of 5.44 ± 0.06 cm. By contrast, imagery captured from 250 m demonstrated relatively lower correlation. Overall, this study highlights the potential of UAV-based multispectral imaging for efficient crop monitoring and suggests an optimal operational altitude for precision agriculture applications
Understanding the Role of Culture and Behavior in Mongolia’s Foreign Policy
Get PDFThis study explores how Mongolia, a small state located between Russia and China, integrates cultural and behavioral factors into its foreign policy. With a deep-rooted nomadic heritage and strong spiritual traditions, Mongolia emphasizes national identity, respect, and consensus in its diplomatic conduct. The research applies Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, the Big Five personality traits model, and a systematic literature review of Mongolian, Russian, and foreign sources to assess the role of culture and behavior in foreign policy. Findings reveal that Mongolia leverages cultural diplomacy by promoting its heritage through festivals, exhibitions, and international cooperation in culture, education, and science. These efforts also support tourism and foster soft power. Mongolia’s openness to other cultures, combined with values such as unity, justice, and respect, informs a diplomatic style focused on mutual understanding and balanced engagement. Behavioral coherence and intercultural sensitivity enhance Mongolia’s ability to navigate international relations despite limited economic or military power. The study underscores that Mongolia’s foreign policy is shaped not only by strategic interests but also by deeply ingrained cultural and behavioral traits. As global dynamics shift, Mongolia’s unique approach helps it maintain sovereignty, build partnerships, and strengthen its international presence
The Formation and characteristics of university students\u27 values in Mongolia
No full textThis article examines the current situation of Mongolian university students the country’s foundational demographic group by comparing their challenges, value formation, and characteristics. With the transition from a socialist system, which emphasized collective living, public ownership, cooperative labor, and social discipline, to a democratic and market-based society, people’s values and priorities have shifted significantly. In this open, market-oriented society that followed socialism, the values and principles of young people have undergone considerable changes. A study on students’ values revealed that the most important aspects they prioritize are: 1. Upbringing and morality (21.5%) 2. Education and knowledge (18.6%) 3. Patriotism (10.8%) 4. Freedom (10.3%) 5. Money (8.9%).
This article presents the key findings of a study that surveyed 5,638 university students from various regions of Mongolia who are currently studying in the capital city, using a random sampling method.
Монгол дахь оюутан залуучуудын үнэт зүйлсийн төлөвшил, онцлог
Хураангуй: Тус өгүүлэлд Монгол Улсын хүн амын суурь бүлэг болох оюутан залууст тулгамдаж буй асуудал, үнэт зүйлсийн төлөвшил, онцлогийг харьцуулан авч үзсэний үндсэн дээр өнөөгийн нөхцөл байдлыг тодорхойлсон болно.
Нийтээр аж төрөх ёс, бүх нийтийн өмч, хамтын хөдөлмөр, нийгмийн сахилга дэг журмыг эрхэмлэж ирсэн социалист тогтолцооноос ардчилсан, зах зээлийн нийгэмд шилжсэнээр хүмүүсийн үнэт зүйл, эрхэмнэлийн тогтолцоо өөрчлөгдсөн. Социализмын дараах нээлттэй, зах зээлийн нийгэмд амьдарч залуучуудын үнэт зүйл, эрхэмнэл үлэмж өөрчлөгдөж байна. Оюутнуудын дунд явуулсан үнэт зүйлийн судалгаагаар нэгд хүмүүжил, ёс суртахуун (21.5%), хоёрт эрдэм боловсрол (18.6%), гуравт эх орон (10.8%), дөрөвт эрх чөлөө (10.3%), тавд мөнгө (8.9%)-ийг эрхэмлэн дээдлэж явдгаа илэрхийлжээ.
Энэхүү өгүүлэлд Монгол Улсын өнцөг булан бүрээс нийслэл хотод суралцаж буй 5638 оюутан залуучуудыг санамсаргүй түүврийн аргыг хамруулан судалж, гол үр дүнг хураангуйлан хүргэж байна.
Түлхүүр үг: Нийгэм-хүн ам зүйн бүлэг, амьдралын хэв маяг, тулгамдаж буй асуудал, үнэт зүйл, эрэмб
Russia’s Arctic Policy Shift: Asia’s Growing Engagement, Opportunities for Mongolia
No full textThis paper examines Russia’s evolving Arctic policy amid shifting global dynamics, emphasizing its strategic pivot toward Asia’s growing influence and the resulting regional transformations. As Western sanctions and NATO tensions isolate Moscow, Russia has intensified the development of the Northern Sea Route, energy projects, and Arctic infrastructure while deepening partnerships with Asian states such as China and India. Using a qualitative policy and document analysis informed by geoeconomics and resource nationalism, the study explores how these collaborations, exemplified by projects like Yamal LNG, reflect Asia’s expanding role in Arctic governance and resource development. It highlights the contradictions between sovereignty and dependency in Russia’s Arctic strategy and considers potential opportunities for Mongolia’s engagement, including possible observer status in the Arctic Council. The paper argues that the Arctic is shifting from a region dominated by coastal states to one increasingly shaped by Asian economic and strategic interest
The Environment, Peace and Security: The Nexus
No full textThe article set out to find answers to two main questions. First, to find out if there is a link or relationship between the environment and peace and security? And, second, to ascertain the impacts of environmental crises on human life and progress? These two questions were answered. In the first case, the paper found out that there is a credible link between the environment and peace and security. In environments where there are conflicts and crises, it was found out that there is usually a lack or an absence of peace and security. In such environments were wars and conflicts are ongoing, it was found out that there are also adverse effects on the environment itself, such as soil, water and air pollution from the discharge of ammunition and bombs for instance. In the second case, the paper found out that environmental crises has a negative impact on human lives and stifles progress. In environments with poor sanitation and in an unhygienic state, human creativity and ingenuity is held back and insecurity blossoms. The paper ended with several recommendations among which is the creation or development of more binding environmental treaties with the aim of securing, protecting and preserving our environment for future generations to enjoy it in peace and security
Silica-coated natural iron ore particles for genomic DNA separation
No full textAs an alternative way to separation of biological molecules, silica coated magnetite ore particles were prepared through two step synthetic method including ball milling of iron ore powder followed by silica coating with Stöber method. As synthesized silica coated magnetic ore particles were composed mainly of magnetite and other accompanying minerals such as hematite and Al2O3, ZrO2. The particles were irregular in shape, with average size of 0.4 ± 0.3 µm as demonstrated with SEM. Field dependent magnetization showed that silica-coated magnetite ore particles are soft ferromagnet with coercivity of 320Oe and remanent magnetization of 2.26 emu/g. Using these particles, genomic DNA was successfully separated from E. coli with sufficient yield and purity comparable to those obtained with a commercial magnetic separation kit, demonstrating their potential for bioseparation from diverse biological sources
