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The Technological Study to Develop Granules from Plants Used in Traditional Mongolian Medicine
Full text linkObjective: To develop a herbal preparation for respiratory ailments from plants used in Mongolian medicine. Method: TLC, HPLC, chemical and spectrophotometric analysis were used for the quality and quantitative determination of biologically active compounds in plant raw materials, extracts and granules. The total and internal absorption coefficients of the plant raw materials, tapped density and flowability of the granules were determined using the method of I.A. Muravyev and V.D. Ponomarev. The quality parameters of the granules (appearance, particle size, moisture content, dispersion) were determined by the Chinese pharmacopoeia methods. Results: The highest amount of extractive matters was determined when extracting 2 mm powdered roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.ex DC. using 0.25% ammonia (34.46±3.01), 2 mm powdered roots of Inula helenium L. with 50% ethanol (56.69±2.83), and 2 mm powdered fruits of Rosa acicularis Lindl. with 40% ethanol (32.15±1.62). The glycyrrhizic acid content in the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.ex DC. was measured at 3.51±1.73%. Similarly, the inulin content in the root of Inula helenium L. was found to be 5.56±0.003%, and the ascorbic acid content in the fruits of Rosa acicularis Lindl. was also identified as 1.91±0.1%. After determining the extractive matters, particle size, total and internal absorption coefficients, and the content of majn biologically active compounds in the plant materials, liquid extracts were obtained from the plant raw materials, and thick extracts were prepared from these liquid extracts. The main substances in the liquid and thick extracts were identified and quantified. The glycyrrhizic acid content was 1.04±0.01% in the liquid extract and 2.87±0.08% in the thick extract; the ascorbic acid content was 0.47 ± 0.06% in the liquid extract and 0.73 ±0.06% in the thick extract; and the inulin content was 4.72±0.002% in the liquid extract and 15.07±0.002% in the thick extract. Five different models of granules were prepared from thick extracts using the wet granulation method. Model 1 granules were excluded from the study due to their irregular texture, clamminess, and inability to be sieved. The quality and technological parameters of the granule F2 model were superior to those of the other models (P<0.001). Granule model F2 contains 0.092±0.002% glycyrrhizic acid, 2.153±0.049% inulin, and 0.27±0.03% ascorbic acid. The prepared granules met the criteria for the microbiological test. Conclusion: It is suitable to extract the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.ex DC., the root of Inula helenium L., and the fruits of Rosa acicularis Lindl. by powdering them into 2 mm particle sizes. Of the five models of granules prepared by wet granulation from plant extracts, model 2 was superior to the others in terms of technological and quality parameters. Sucrose was not suitable for granulation as an excipient
Levallois Artifacts from the Paleolithic Sites of the Upper Tuul River
No full textFrom 2023 to 2024, the research project "Paleolithic Sites of the Upper Tuul River" was conducted in the Tuul River basin, which originates from the western slopes of the Baga Khentii Mountain range in Mongolia. As part of this project, numerous stone artifacts were collected from areas surrounding the Terelj and Gorkhi Rivers, which are tributaries of the Tuul River. Among these artifacts, Levallois cores, flakes, and points were identified, indicating the presence of Middle Paleolithic human activity in the region. This study compares these Levallois artifacts with similar finds from other Mongolian and regional Paleolithic sites
The Impact of Welfare Policies on Women\u27s Employment
No full textThis study uses microdata from the 2018, 2021, and 2022 surveys of the Household Socio-Economic Study (HSES) to evaluate the factors influencing employment using a limited dependent variable- probit model. It aims to assess the social support and welfare policy impact using a Difference-in-Differences (DID) estimation. The results show that when controlling for other factors, the likelihood of women being employed is 12.8% lower than that of men, and the likelihood of a woman receiving child benefits being employed is 12.1% lower. Therefore, it is possible to shift welfare support to targeted groups and provide tax benefits based on family circumstances to working households, thereby increasing their income and promoting employment.
Эмэгтэйчүүдийн хөдөлмөр эрхлэлтэд үзүүлж буй халамжийн бодлогын нөлөөлөл
Хураангуй: Энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар Өрхийн нийгэм, эдийн засгийн судалгааны 2018, 2021, 2022 онуудын өгөгдөл ашиглан хөдөлмөр эрхлэлтэд нөлөөлөгч хүчин зүйлсийг хязгаарлагдмал хамааран хувьсагчийн пробит загвар ашиглан судалж, Diffirence-in-Difference үнэлэгчээр бодлогын нөлөөг тооцохыг зорилоо. Үнэлгээний үр дүнд бусад хүчин зүйлсийн нөлөө тогтмол үед эмэгтэйчүүдийн хөдөлмөр эрхлэх магадлал эрэгтэйчүүдийнхээс 12.8 хувиар бага ба хүүхдийн мөнгөн тэтгэмж авдаг эмэгтэйн хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт нь 12.1 хувиар буурдаг байх магадлалтайг тогтоолоо. Иймд халамжийг зорилтот бүлэгт шилжүүлж, хөдөлмөр эрхэлж буй өрхөд гэр бүлийн нөхцөл байдлаас хамаарсан татварын хөнгөлөлт эдлүүлж, тэдний орлогыг өсгөх замаар хөдөлмөр эрхлэлтийг нэмэгдүүлэх боломжтой байна.
Түлхүүр үгс: Эмэгтэйчүүдийн хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт, нийгмийн халамж, татварын хөнгөлөл
The study of the action of substances contained in the root of Paeonia anomala l. in relation to their use in traditional medicine
Full text linkThe basic development of the pharmacology and pharmacy of Traditional Mongolian medicine in the twenty-first century is to study and explore the main content of ancient medical books and scriptures written by doctors of previous generations. It is important to determine and study in detail the action of the main chemical and secondary components contained in Paeonia anomala L. against the disease. Therefore, it has become a challenging issue to determine the action of the main chemical and secondary ingredients contained in the Paeonia anomala L. on the disease and to study it in detail
DFT/TD-DFT investigations on photovoltaic properties of N-Phenyl-N-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-Pyrrol-2-amine and N,N-diphenylthiophen-2-amine based hexatriyne-thiophene Dye-sensitizers for DSSCs
No full textThe optoelectronic and charge transfer properties of dyes containing N,N-diphenylthiophen-2-amine (NBBT) or N-phenyl-N-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-amine (NTPA) as donor were computationally studied using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent- density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods. Thiophene, fused thiophene and bridged thiophene derivatives were incorporated to extend the hexatriyne (LCC) π-linker (hexatriyne-thiophene π-linker) to examine the effect thiophene derivatives on the photovoltaic and optoelectronic properties of the designed dyes. The and values show that insertion of boron into hexatriyne-bridged thiophenes π-linker in NTPA-6 and NBBT-6 dyes traps some of the electrons to be transmitted to the acceptor moiety, which may account for low oscillation strengths observed for the dyes. This subsequently affects the light harvesting efficiency (LHE) and open current circuit (VOC), although, the fractions of electrons transmitted could probably take shorter time ( getting into the conduction band (CB) of semiconductor. The coupling constant (/VRP/) reveals influence on the rate of regeneration of the dyes. Also, slight lowering of EHOMO-ELUMO (ΔEg, eV) in respective NTPA dyes than NBBT dyes indicate more electrons are pushed by N-phenyl-N-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-amine into the π-linker than N,N-diphenylthiophen-2-amine, and incorporation of fused thiophene and bridged thiophenes (except NTPA-6 and NBBT-6) improve the LHE dyes’s ability than PY-3N; thus hexatriyne-thiophene containing dyes exhibit favorable optoelectronic properties, making them good candidates for light absorption in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)
Fungal leaf diseases in wheat in some forest-steppe zones of Mongolia
No full textWheat is an important cereal crop in Mongolia and faces production challenges due to the lack of appropriate agronomic practices, weather uncertainties, weeds, insects, and disease outbreaks. Wheat leaf diseases are one of the biotic stresses that decreases production and grain quality. Leaf diseases were randomly assessed in 114 wheat fields, in the Bulgan and Orkhon provinces, from 2019 to 2023 in order to figure out the prevalence, incidence, and severity of wheat leaf diseases. The environmental and climatic conditions of the two regions were obtained, and the relevant data were almost identical. Wheat leaf diseases were identified, which included septoria leaf spot (Phaeosphaeria nodorum), leaf rust (Puccinia recondita) and spot blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana). In Bulgan and Orkhon, during the assessment years, the mean incidence and severity of septoria leaf blotch was 58.1-81.7% and 9.7-12.8%. For leaf rust, the mean incidence and severity were 58.3–72.2% and 7.3–10.4%, and the mean incidence and severity of spot blotch were 0-5.5% and 0-6.5% respectively. Due to these biological factors such as leaf spot and leaf rust, it is suggested that designing appropriate technologies to alleviate disease problems is important. Using varieties resistant to leaf diseases and proper field management can reduce the risk of leaf diseases
Revisiting the Öndör Ulaan Site
No full textThe issue of the continuity of Xiongnu burial traditions, which were widely distributed across vast territories, has long been a subject of scholarly interest. Therefore, in the study of the burial customs of the Xianbei, Rouran, and later Mongols, the earthen mound located at the foot of Öndör Ulaan Mountain and the tomb discovered there have provided important materials. Based on the excavation process, the artifacts unearthed from the tomb, and the laboratory results of radiocarbon dating of the human remains, this study attempts to reaffirm and further interpret the findings of previous research. The earthen mound at Öndör Ulaan is considered to have been constructed during the period of the Xiongnu Empire, in comparison with the “Three Fortresses of the Steppe.” However, after being abandoned for some reason, a secondary intrusive burial was later placed on top of it. The earlier research that dated the tomb to the late 4th–early 5th century CE has been confirmed by laboratory analysis (381–425 CE), indicating that it belongs to the period of the Rouran Khaganate. Historical accounts mention that during the political conflicts between the Xiongnu and Han empires, the desecration and looting of ancestral tombs caused deep moral and cultural trauma. As a result, burial practices shifted toward concealing graves without surface markers, interment in caves or rock shelters, and cremation—a tradition that was subsequently inherited by nomadic tribes across the steppe. The Öndör Ulaan tomb, as one of the few archaeological remains representing the Rouran period, provides valuable material for studying the funerary culture of post-Xiongnu nomads.
Өндөр улааны дурсгалын тухай дахин өгүүлэх нь
Хураангуй. Харьцангуй өргөн хүрээнд тархсан хүннүгийн булш оршуулгын залгамж холбооны асуудал ямагт анхаарал татсаар байгаа сэдэв юм. Иймээс Сяньби, Жужаны булш оршуулга хийгээд хожмын монголчуудын оршуулгын дурсгалын судалгаанд Өндөр улаан уулын өвөрт буй шороон дов, тэндээс илэрсэн булш чухал материал болсон юм. Уг дурсгалын малтлагын явц, булшнаас илэрсэн эд өлгийн зүйл хийгээд нас барагчийн яснаас авсан дээжийн он цаг тогтоох лабораторийн хариунд тулгуурлан өмнөх судалгааны үр дүнг бататган, тайлбарлах оролдлого хийлээ. Өндөр улааны шороон довыг Талын гурван хэрэмтэй харьцуулан Хүннү улсын үед бүтээгдсэн хэмээн үзэж байна. Харин ямар нэгэн шалтгаанаас дутуу орхиж хулширсны дараа оруулмал булшийг дээр нь үйлджээ. Булшийг IV зууны төгсгөлөөс V зууны эхэнд холбогдуулсан өмнөх судалгааг лабораторийн дээжийн хариуд (НТ381-425 он) тулгуурлан Жужан улсын үед холбогдохыг бататган тогтоолоо. Хүннү, Хангийн улс төрийн тэмцэлд өвөг дээдсийн онгон хүүрийг тонож доромжлох явдал гарсан нь асар их сургамж болсон тул оршуулгын хөрсний дээр ямар нэгэн тэмдэг тавилгүй нуух, агуй хад чулууны хөмөгт дарах, чандарлах зан үйл давамгайлж улмаар тал нутгийн овог аймгуудад уламжлагдсан гэсэн судлаачдын саналыг бататгах нэгэн баримт болно. Өндөр улааны дурсгалаас олдсон булш нь жужаны үеийг төлөөлөх цөөн дурсгалын нэг болсноор цаашид хүннүгийн дараах нүүдэлчдийн оршуулгын соёлыг судлахад үнэтэй хэрэглэгдэхүүн болох нь дамжиггүй.
Түлхүүр үг: Шороон дов, Өндөр улааны булш, он цаг, Жужан
 
Research on opportunities of using GEP accounting in Mongolia: A case study of the valuation of ecosystem services in Khovd
No full textThe study could be a basis for designing and choosing appropriate economic valuation methods for ecosystem goods and services in Mongolia. Ecosystem economic valuation is an effective way to measure and understand the significance of the benefits people receive from ecosystems. Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) is the monetary value of ecosystem services, making the findings comparable to GDP. The GEP concept seeks to employ specific indicators to quantify the economic value of all ecosystem products and services. GEP is the total value of final ecosystem goods and services supplied to human well-being in a region annually. We have developed the first GEP framework for Mongolia and conducted a case study using the market valuation method, shadow engineering method, replacement cost method, avoided cost method, conservation value method, and travel cost method. The GEP was calculated at the provincial level, and a framework was customized for the unique economic and ecological situations of Khovd Province. Our findings revealed that the total GEP in Khovd Province ranged from 110040.7 million dollars to 113650.2 million dollars in 2015 and 2020, respectively. The GEP to GDP ratio varied between 815 and 390 during this time. Among the different components of GEP, the value of ecosystem regulating services played a crucial role, accounting for 99.6% equally in both 2015 and 2020. The research results show that the distribution of GEP components in Khovd province is entirely distinct. The contribution of soil conservation services is the highest to the GEP of the selected case
Physicochemical variations and water quality conditions of the Delgermurun River basin, Khuvsgul province
No full textRiver water quality is crucial as rivers support multiple uses in human needs as well as in sustaining the aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we assessed the physicochemical characteristics and water quality of the Delgermurun River Basin (DRB). We collected water samples from 16 sites along the Delgermurun River and its tributaries in June 2024. Eleven physicochemical parameters were measured onsite, and a permanganate index (CODMn) was analyzed in the laboratory. Seven heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Co, Ni, Mo, As, and Cd) were analyzed at SGS IMME Mongolia LLC, a certified laboratory. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to explore variations in physicochemical characteristics, while water quality index (WQI) and heavy metal pollution index (HPI) were calculated to assess overall water quality of the DRB. According to the PCA, pH, turbidity, water temperature (Temp.), total dissolved solids (TDS), and elevation contributed the most to variation across the DRB. The highest values of pH, turbidity, and Temp. were found at lower sites (DELBugsei, DELG03, and DELW01), while the highest TDS was recorded at DELR02. In terms of the water quality, WQI and HPI values ranged from 0.04 to 0.1 and 5.98 to 29.20, respectively, remaining within the category of “very clean” by WQI and level of lower pollution by HPI (MNS 4586:1998). Our findings indicate that physicochemical parameters and water quality varied across the DRB, but it remains suitable for potable use. Our results can inform future water resource management, for example, identifying and protecting critical habitats, such as those for the endangered taimen (Hucho taimen), and contributing to the conservation of the DRB ecosystem
A periodic evaluation of the Development of Museums in Mongolia
No full textResearchers have interpreted the historical development of Mongolian museums by various periods, considering factors such as history, collection, preservation, methodology, functions, and evolution. Based on museum policies and legal frameworks, and through the lens of museological theory and principles, this study categorizes and assesses the development of Mongolian museums. The evaluation employs the PRCE model— Preservation, Research, Communication, and Education-to analyze museum development.
Монголын музейн хөгжлийг үечлэн үнэлэх нь
Хураангуй: Судлаачид монголын музейн түүхийг музейн үүсэл, сан хөмрөгийн бүрдүүлэлт, арга зүй, судалгааны чиг үүрэг, хөгжил зэргийг харгалзан олон янзаар үечлэн тайлбарласан байдаг. Музейн талаарх бодлогын баримт бичиг, эрх зүйд үндэслэж, судлаачдын дурдсан судалгааны үр дүнг харгалзан музейн судлалын онол, үзэл баримтлалын үүднээс монголын музейн хөгжлийг үечилж, үнэлэн дүгнэсэн. Ингэхдээ сан хөмрөгийн бүрдүүлэлт, судалгаа, харилцаа, боловсрол буюу ССХБ-ын дөрвөлөөр шалгуур үзүүлэлт болгон музейн хөгжлийг тайлбарлав.
Түлхүүр үгс: музейн талаарх бодлого, чиг үүрэг, сан хөмрөгийн бүрдүүлэлт, судалгаа, харилцаа, боловсрол