Universidad Técnica de Ambato (UTA): Portal de Revistas Científicas y Libros
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La Cultura alcohólica del Ecuador, un análisis de los factores sociales detrás del abuso del alcohol en la ciudad de Ambato
Get PDFObjective: The objective of this study is to determine, through a field study, the psychological, family, social factors and the cultural influence on people in terms of alcoholic behavior, and to make a correlation between the integral state of the person and the degree of alcohol consumption in the mentioned population.
Method: An anonymous questionnaire was applied to a sample of 86 young individuals from 14 to 35 years of age from the Picoa and Miraflores neighborhoods of the city of Ambato, to establish a therapeutic relationship between unhealthy lifestyles and the possible problems that these can carry.
Results: According to the reagents that inquire about the amount of alcohol consumed, there is a high prevalence of the habit in the population studied, since more than 70% of the respondents drink alcohol from one to several times per month. Of this group, 12% consume alcohol several times a week, which shows a marked alcoholic behavior. These results confirm that in Picoa and Miraflores
Alcoholic habits have a high prevalence and, according to the surveyed population, it is mostly made up of individuals between 14 and 24 years old -of these 45% corresponds to minors- the problem seems to be an alarming characteristic of the Ambateño youth .
The responses do not reflect a family or emotional origin of alcohol consumption in the surveyed population. Apparently the main reason why young people consume alcohol is the cultural environment, since alcohol is considered a social tool.
Conclusions: The consumption of alcohol in the city of Ambato has its origin in a series of generalized cultural components for Ecuador, they are exacerbated in a small city like this, in which there are no alternatives for fun, adequate control of the sale of liquor and an idiosyncrasy typical of the Ambateños who provide money, a car and time for their young adolescent children to go out and socializeObjetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio determinar, mediante un estudio de campo, los factores psicológicos, familiares, sociales y la influencia cultural sobre las personas en cuanto a la conducta alcohólica, y hacer una correlación entre el estado integral de la persona y el grado de consumo del alcohol en la población mencio nada.Método: Se aplicó un cuestionario anónimo, a una muestra de 86 Individuos jóvenes de 14 a 35 años de los barrios Picoa y Miraflores de la ciudad de Ambato , para esta blecer una relación terapéutica entre los estilos insanos de vida, y los posibles problemas que estos pueden acarrear.Resultados: De acuerdo con los reactivos que indagan sobre la cantidad de alcohol consumido existe una alta prevalencia del hábito en la población estudiada, puesmás del 70% de los encuestados toma alcohol de una a varias veces por mes. De este grupo, el 12% consume alcohol varias veces por semana, lo que demuestra una conducta alcohólica marcada. Con estos resultados se confirma que en Picoa y Mirafloreslos hábitos alcohólicos tienen una alta prevalencia y al decir de la población encuestada, en su mayoría está conformada por individuos entre 14 y 24 años -de estos el 45% corresponde a menores de edad- el problema parece ser una alarmante característica de la juventud ambateña.Lasrespuestas no reflejan un origen familiar o emocional del consumo de alcohol en la población encuestada. Al parecer la principal razón por la cual los jóvenes consumen alcohol, es el entorno cultural, pues se considera al alcohol como una herra mienta social.Conclusiones: El consumo de alcohol en la ciudad de Ambato tiene su origen en una serie de componentes culturales generalizados para el Ecuador, se agudizan en una ciudad pequeña como esta, en la cual no existen alternativas de diversión, un control adecuado del expendio de licor y una idiosincrasia propia de los ambateños que facilitan dinero, auto y tiempo para que sus hijos adolescentes jóvenes salgan a hacer vida socia
El mercado laboral ecuatoriano y los efectos del Covid-19: percepciones desde los trabajadores
Get PDFThis document sought to answer the following question: what are the effects of Covid-19 on the Ecuadorian labor market from the perception of workers? To do this, the study methodology was mixed and combined qualitative and quantitative elements, using a survey of workers to find out their perceptions of the labor market one year after the start of the pandemic. Among the main results, it was found that the Ecuadorian labor market has been strongly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, with effects on the reduction of workers and wages, where public policies have been very limitedEste documento pretendió responder la siguiente pregunta ¿Cuáles son los efectos del Covid-19 en el mercado laboral ecuatoriano desde la percepción de los trabajadores? Para ello, la metodología del estudio fue mixta y combinó elementos cualitativos y cuantitativos, empleando una encuesta a los trabajadores para conocer sus percepciones del mercado laboral a un año del inicio de la pandemia. Entre los principales resultados se encontró que el mercado laboral ecuatoriano ha sido fuertemente afectado por la pandemia del Covid-19, con efectos en la reducción de trabajadores y salarios, donde las políticas públicas han sido muy limitada
Evidence-Based Ruminal Microbiota
Get PDFRuminants break down the fiber of the feed intake in the rumen through a microbial symbiosis, which performs its enzymatic hydrolysis and subsequent fermentation. Therefore, the objective, was demonstrate the activity of rumen microorganisms consisting of bacteria, protozoa, fungi and methanogenic archaea. Bacterial populations are located at three different levels in the rumen: attached to the solid, associated with the particles, and free in the rumen fluid. The concentration of bacteria in the rumen is higher than that of protozoa. Protozoa support a fundamental role in fiber degradation, store large amounts of starch and slow down the production of acids that reduce rumen pH. Fungi have an important function in the digestion of the cell walls of plants, especially those of low quality. Archaea in the rumen are strictly anaerobic microorganisms and produce methane from CO2 and hydrogen. Conclusion: Rumen microorganisms establish complex relationships among themselves, which allow the degradation of the feed that reaches the rumen and consequently the use of the nutrients it contains.Ruminants break down the fiber of the feed intake in the rumen through a microbial symbiosis, which performs its enzymatic hydrolysis and subsequent fermentation. The objective was demonstrating the activity of rumen microorganisms consisting of bacteria, protozoa, fungi and methanogenic archaea. Bacterial populations are located at three different levels in the rumen: attached to the solid. The concentration of bacteria in the rumen is higher than that of protozoa. Protozoa support a fundamental role in fiber degradation, store large amounts of starch and slow down the production of acids that reduce rumen pH. Fungi have an important function in the digestion of the cell walls of plants, especially those of low quality. Archaea in the rumen are strictly anaerobic microorganisms and produce methane from CO2 and hydrogen. Conclusion: Rumen microorganisms establish complex relationships among themselves, which allow the degradation of the feed that reaches the rumen and consequently the use of the nutrients it contains
Cistoadenoma Mucinoso gigante de ovario asociado a adenomucinosis peritoneal diseminada.
Get PDFIntroduction: Mucinous cystadenoma is a multilocular tumor that secretes mucin in the epithelium, is most often formed in the ovary, but can also be located in the pancreas, appendix and very rarely in the urinary bladder or retroperitoneal level. Mucinous neoplasms are mostly benign tumors, however in smaller percentages they may be borderline or potentially malignant.
Objectives: This research aims to report a clinical case of giant ovarian mucinous cystoadenoma associated with disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study was performed to describe a clinical case of giant ovarian mucinous cystoadenoma associated with disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis. Obtained informed consent from the patient and authorization from the Teaching and Research Department, for the review of clinical records and access to images, for the publication of the present case.Clinical case:A 70-year-old female patient who presented a clinical picture of 1 year of evolution characterized by pelvic pain, progressive increase in the abdominal perimeter and abnormal uterine bleeding. To the physical examination in abdomen: presents a large mass that occupies all quadrants of the abdomen and that causes compression and breathing difficulty. as a surgical finding: giant tumor of ovary was found measuring 32x24 x15 cm, weighing approximately 20,000 grams. According to a pathological report, it was a low-grade mucinous cystoadenoma associated with disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis, which provides a better prognosis.
Results: As a benign neoplasm, satisfactory results were obtained. Patient with a good prognosis who is currently in stable clinical conditions, with follow-up at regular checkups.
Conclusion: Mucinous cystadenoma is a neoplasm that can originate in the ovary and that can grow much more than other annex masses, Behaving as benign but also recognized as precursors of ovarian cancer and can slowly transform into bordering tumors and evolve into invasive ovarian cancer, so prompt and accurate treatment is vital.Introducción: El Cistoadenoma Mucinoso es un tumor multilocular que secreta mucina en el epitelio, se forma con mayor frecuencia en el ovario, pero también puede localizarse en el páncreas, el apéndice y en muy raras ocasiones en vejiga urinaria o a nivel retroperitoneal. Las neoplasias mucinosas son tumores en su gran mayoría benignos, sin embargo en menor porcentaje pueden ser limítrofes o potencialmente malignos
Objetivos: Esta investigación tiene como objetivo reportar un caso clínico de Cistoadenoma Mucinoso gigante de ovario asociado a adenomucinosis peritoneal diseminada.
Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo para descripción de un caso clínico de Cistoadenoma Mucinoso gigante de ovario asociado a adenomucinosis peritoneal diseminada. Se obtuvo consentimiento informado de la paciente y autorización del departamento de Docencia e Investigación, para la revisión de historias clínicas y el acceso a las imágenes, para la publicación del presente caso. Caso clínico: Paciente femenino de 70 años de edad que presentó cuadro clínico de 1 año de evolución caracterizado por dolor pélvico , aumento progresivo del perímetro abdominal y sangrado uterino anormal. Al examen físico en abdomen: presenta una gran masa queocupa todos los cuadrantes del abdomen y que provoca compresión y dificultad respiratoria. como hallazgo quirúrgico: se encontró tumoración gigante de ovario que midió 32 x24 x15 cm, con un peso de 20.000 gramos aproximadamente. Según reporte de anatomía patológica se trató de un cistoadenoma Mucinoso de bajo grado de malignidad, asociado a adenomucinosis peritoneal diseminada, lo que brinda un mejor pronóstico.
Resultados: Por tratarse de una neoplasia benigna se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios. Paciente con pronóstico bueno que actualmente se encuentra en condiciones clínicas estables, con seguimiento en los controles periódicos.
Conclusión: El cistoadenoma mucinoso es una neoplasia que puede originarse en el ovario y que puede crecer mucho más que otras masas anexiales, comportándose como benigna pero que también se reconocen como precursores del cáncer de ovario y pueden transformarse lentamente en tumores limítrofes y evolucionar hasta cáncer de ovario invasivo, por lo que, el tratamiento rápido y preciso es vital
Isquemia arterial crónica en extremidad inferior derecha Presentación de caso
Get PDFIntroduction: Chronic ischemia is a clinical situation characterized by a gradual decrease in blood supply to the extremities, it is progressive onset and a pathology of sclerosing lesions; that produces a deficient supply of oxygen to the muscle groups of the lower limbs, patients with chronic arterial ischemia present ischemic-type pain in the extremities that is usually chronic, relieves at rest, and can also manifest with a loss of tissue that can progress into an ulceration due to cell damage, timely management is important, whether this is a decision for intervention or conservative care.
Objective: To describe a clinical case of chronic arterial ischemia of the right lower limb, by reviewing a clinical history and analyzing its diagnosis and treatment.
Materials and methods: Descriptive, retrospective study, case presentation.
Results: A case of chronic arterial ischemia of the right lower extremity is described in an elderly patient with a history of diabetes mellitus, who presented a necrotic ulcer on the right heel, Doppler ultrasonography with absence of arterial flow from the femoral artery to pedis artery; Lower extremity angiography (CTA) reports significant stenosis at the right common femoral and popliteal level.
Conclusions: Chronic arterial ischemia of atherosclerotic cause is a progressive clinical disease that requires early diagnosis through a correct clinical history, accompanied by a timely physical examination with the support of diagnostic tools such as the calculation of the ankle-brachial index.
Keywords: diabetic foot, lower extremity, ultrasonography, femoral artery, ischemiaIntroducción: La isquemia arterial crónica es una situación clínica caracterizada por una disminución gradual del aporte sanguíneo a las extremidades, es de instauración progresiva y una patología de lesiones esclerosantes; que produce un aporte de oxígen deficitario a los grupos musculares de los miembros inferiores, los pacientes con esta enfermedad presentan dolor de extremidades de tipo isquémico que suele ser crónico, alivia al reposo, además suele manifestarse con una pérdida de tejido que puede progresar a ulceraciones debido al daño celular, es importante el manejo oportuno ya sea este una decisión de intervención quirúrgica o atención conservadora.
Objetivo: Describir un caso clínico de isquemia arterial crónica de miembro inferior derecho, mediante la revisión de una historia clínica para analizar su diagnóstico y tratamiento.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, presentación de caso clínico.
Resultados: Se describe un caso de isquemia arterial crónica de extremidad inferior derecha en un paciente adulto mayor con antecedentes de diabetes mellitus, quien presenta una ulcera necrótica en talón derecho, ultrasonografía Doppler con ausencia de flujo arterial desde arteria femoral hasta arteria pedía; Angiotomografía de extremidad inferior reporta estenosis significativa a nivel femoral común derecha y poplítea.
Conclusiones: La isquemia arterial crónica de causa aterosclerótica es una enfermedad clínica, progresiva que requiere un diagnóstico precoz mediante una correcta historia clínica, acompañada de un examen físico puntual con el apoyo de herramientas diagnósticas como el cálculo del índice tobillo- brazo.
Palabras Claves: pie diabético, extremidad inferior, ultrasonografía, arteria femoral, isquemi
Factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares en adultos jóvenes
Get PDFCardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death (1.9 million annually), which can be prevented with lifestyle modifications. The World Health Organization has defined that in the Americas, they usually affect both sexes equally, with 30% of premature deaths in the poorest quintile. Therefore, the regional strategy aims to reduce mortality figures by 25%. The present study identified cardiovascular risk factors in a population of young adults from the parish of Izamba. A descriptive study was carried out for which the Questionnaire of Risk Factors of the Ministry of Health of Mexico and the International Questionnaire of Physical Activity IPAQ was used, the sample was made up of 30 young members of the EANJ of the name of Jesus of the parish Izamba, Tungurahua Province, Ecuador. The study described the presence of several direct and indirect non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors, as well as other related ones, where the following stand out: Non-modifiable factors (Male Sex, History in first-degree relatives of early cardiovascular disease (arterial hypertension, familial hypercholesterolemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus); among the direct modifiable risk factors (being diagnosed and / or treated for arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia); Indirect modifiable risk factors (obesity and sedentary lifestyle) and other related factors (hormonal, toxic habits, consumption of coffee, cocaine, smoking, psychological factors and metabolic disorders), which makes a nursing intervention strategy necessary for its control.Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa de muerte (,1,9 millones anuales), que pueden ser prevenidas con modificaciones del estilo de vida. La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha definido que en las Américas, las mismas suelen afectar a ambos sexos por igual, con un 30% de muertes prematuras en el quintil más pobre. Por lo que, la estrategia regional, tiene por meta reducir en un 25% las cifras de mortalidad. El presente estudio identificó los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en una población de adultos jóvenes de la parroquia de Izamba. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo para lo cual se utilizó el Cuestionario de Factores de Riego de la Secretaría de Salud de México y Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física IPAQ, la muestra quedó conformada por 30 jóvenes miembros de la Iglesia EANJ de la parroquia Izamba, Provincia Tungurahua, Ecuador. El estudio describió la presencia de diversos factores de riesgo no modificables y modificables directos e indirectos, así como otros relacionados, donde destacan: Factores no modificables (Sexo Masculino, Antecedentes en familiares de primer grado de enfermedad cardiovascular precoz (hipertensión arterial, hipercolesterolemia familiar y diabetes mellitus tipo 2); entre los factores de riesgo modificables directos (estar diagnosticado y/o tratado de hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e hipercolesterolemia); Factores de riesgo modificables indirectos (obesidad y sedentarismo) y otros factores relacionados (hormonales, hábitos tóxicos consumo de café, cocaína, fumar, factores psicológicos y trastornos metabólicos), lo cual hace necesario una estrategia de intervención por enfermería para su control
Susceptibility analysis of mutations that confer resistance to inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)
Get PDFEnormous efforts have been made worldwide to generate therapeutic options to prevent the transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2 and reduce its replication in humans. Currently, the emergence of new variants of the virus is of great concern because the evolution of the viral genome and the inherent mutations introduced in the viral proteins could decrease the effectiveness of the first line therapeutic agents used to prevent and treat COVID-19. The present study evaluated the susceptibility of two important pharmacological drug targets of SARS-CoV-2, the major protease (Mpro) and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), to suffer point mutations that could produce resistance to inhibitors of these enzymes. The results showed that the residues that contour the inhibitor binding site in RdRp are extremely conserved between the different RNA virus species. This suggests the RdRp enzyme has a low probability to suffer mutation that could confer resistance to therapeutic drugs, such as remdesivir, an FDA approved compound to treat COVID-19. In contrast, we observed that the Mpro enzyme could undergo up to ten-point mutations in the active site, which is the binding site of several experimental drugs under development, such as Carmofur and N3. Molecular docking analysis showed that the presence of single point mutations in the Mpro active site produces an increase in the binding affinity of carmofur, probably due to the small size and high flexibility of this molecule. However, the Pro168Ser and Ala191Val mutations significantly decrease the affinity of N3 binding to Mpro, suggesting the possible emergence of resistance to this drug. These results could help to anticipate the effect of different mutations on the way Mpro inhibitors bind to the enzyme, and design new inhibitors that address the effect of resistance.Enormous efforts have been made worldwide to generate therapeutic options to prevent the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 and reduce its replication in humans. Currently, the emergence of new variants of the virus is of great concern because the evolution of the viral genome and the inherent mutations introduced in the viral proteins could decrease the effectiveness of the first-line therapeutic agents used to prevent and treat COVID-19. The present study evaluated the susceptibility of two important pharmacological drug targets of SARS-CoV-2, the major protease (Mpro) and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), to suffer point mutations that could produce resistance to inhibitors of these enzymes. The results showed that the residues that contour the inhibitor binding site in RdRp are extremely conserved between the different RNA virus species. This suggests the RdRp enzyme has a low probability to suffer mutation that could confer resistance to therapeutic drugs, such as Remdesivir, an FDA approved compound to treat COVID-19. In contrast, we observed that the Mpro enzyme could undergo up to ten-point mutations in the active site, which is the binding site of several experimental drugs under development, such as Carmofur and N3. Molecular docking analysis showed that the presence of single point mutations in the Mpro active site produces an increase in the binding affinity of carmofur, probably due to the small size and high flexibility of this molecule. However, the Pro168Ser and Ala191Val mutations significantly decrease the affinity of N3 binding to Mpro, suggesting the possible emergence of resistance to this drug. These results could help to anticipate the effect of different mutations on the way Mpro inhibitors bind to the enzyme, and design new inhibitors that address the effect of resistance
Production of Bioplastic and their Applications as Food Packaging: PLA AND PHB
Get PDFFood industry contributes around 40% of the containers and packaging used and discarded until 2020 worldwide. Social, environmental and political interest towards the development of biodegradable containers is growing, as is the demand of consumers for fresh and quality food products. Bioplastics are classified according to their chemical composition, origin and synthesis process. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are materials of microbial origin, while polylactic acid (PLA) is obtained from lactic acid and the chemical reaction of lactide that produces the biomaterial. This work explores, through a bibliographic review, the principles and production of bioplastics made from polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and their application in food packaging. These materials constitute particularly interesting materials due to their potential in a wide range of applications. Physical-chemical properties of the biomaterials requested to make food packaging are: permeability to moisture, oxygen permeability and mechanical properties. The requirements established for the different types of packaging used in the food industry can be achieved by these biomaterials. In the same way, the environmental, economic and industrial advantages and the challenges encountered for their massive use have been estimated. It was identified that the reduction of manufacturing costs can be achieved through the use of agricultural biomass residues as a source of substrate for fermentation processes. PLA and PHB are particularly interesting materials due to their potential in a wide range of applications in the food industry due to their biodegradation capacity and efficiency.The food industry contributes around 40% of the containers and packaging used and discarded until 2020 worldwide. Social, environmental, and political interest in the development of biodegradable containers is growing, as is the demand of consumers for fresh and quality food products. Bioplastics are classified according to their chemical composition, origin, and synthesis process. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are materials of microbial origin, while polylactic acid (PLA) is obtained from lactic acid and the chemical reaction of lactide that produces the biomaterial. This work explores, through a bibliographic review, the principles and production of bioplastics made from polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and their application in food packaging. These materials constitute particularly interesting materials due to their potential in a wide range of applications. Physical-chemical properties of the biomaterials requested to make food packaging are permeability to moisture, oxygen permeability, and mechanical properties. The requirements established for the different types of packaging used in the food industry can be achieved by these biomaterials. In the same way, the environmental, economic, and industrial advantages and the challenges encountered for their massive use have been estimated. It was identified that the reduction of manufacturing costs can be achieved through the use of agricultural biomass residues as a source of substrate for fermentation processes. PLA and PHB are particularly interesting materials due to their potential in a wide range of applications in the food industry due to their biodegradation capacity and efficiency
CALIDAD DE VIDA LABORAL DE LOS INTERNOS ROTATIVOS DE ENFERMERÍA EN LA PRÁCTICA PRE-PROFESIONAL
Get PDFSimulación del modelo matemático de proliferación de células resistentes a la quimioterapia usando GEOGEBRA
Get PDFformal a temas biológicos y estudiar a profundidad temas complejos como lo es la enfermedad del cáncer, en donde los científicos han sumado esfuerzos usando la Matemática como fortaleza en la investigación. De acuerdo a estudios preliminares la resistencia que presentan las células cancerosas al efecto de la quimioterapia se ha podido modelar con una Ecuación Diferencial de primer orden con PVI y su simulación se lo ha contrastado con resultados obtenidos a través de datos experimentales. El GEOGEBRA es una herramienta computacional que permite desarrollar un análisis preliminar a modelos matemáticos basados en Ecuaciones Diferenciales que se puede contrastar con resultados analíticos, experimentales y también los obtenidos en otras herramientas computacionales como el MATLAB. En GEOGEBRA se muestran las soluciones particulares al modelo matemático de la proliferación de células resistentes a la quimioterapia, así como también confirma la eficacia del modelo mediante el campo direccional que arroja la ecuación y los resultados de predicción que presentan una tendencia a estabilizar la proliferación a un nivel de saturación y a un tiempo de duplicación de células pre establecido mediante parametrización en el programa computacional