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Unravelling the Inflammatory Processes in the Early Stages of Diabetic Nephropathy and the Potential Effect of (Ss)-DS-ONJ.
No full textInflammatory processes play a central role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in the early stages of the disease. The authors demonstrate that the glycolipid mimetic (Ss)-DS-ONJ is able to abolish inflammation via the induction of autophagy flux and provokes the inhibition of inflammasome complex in ex vivo and in vitro models, using adult kidney explants from BB rats. The contribution of (Ss)-DS-ONJ to reducing inflammatory events is mediated by the inhibition of classical stress kinase pathways and the blocking of inflammasome complex activation. The (Ss)-DS-ONJ treatment is able to inhibit the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression, but only when the IL18 levels are reduced by the treatment. These findings suggest that (Ss)-DS-ONJ could be a novel, and multifactorial treatment for DN.S
Lower probability of persistence of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after COVID-19 among people living with HIV.
No full textThere is limited and controversial data on the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS-CoV-2 ) infection among people living with human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) (PLWH) infection . There are also contradictory findings on the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in PLWH, although two recent meta-analyses suggested that PLWH have a higher risk of death from COVID-19 [1,2]. On the contrary, the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine are equally immunogenic in PLWH and in individuals without HIV infection after a short follow-up [3,4]. However, no data exist comparing the kinetics of antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in PLWH and people without HIV infection . Because of this, we compared the persistence of total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after COVID-19 between PLWH and people without HIV infection (controls).S
Effect of tocilizumab versus standard of care in adults hospitalized with moderate-severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
No full textHemos leído con interés el artículo publicado por CardonaPascual et al.1 sobre el efecto del tocilizumab versus tratamiento estándar en pacientes ingresados por neumonía moderada-grave por SARS-CoV-2 en el que no encontraron asociación entre el uso de tocilizumab y la mortalidad general (OR = 1,03, IC del 95%: 0,63-1,68) y nos gustaría hacer algunos comentarios
Actualización práctica de las recomendaciones del Grupo de Psoriasis de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología (GPS) para el tratamiento de la psoriasis con terapia biológica. Parte 2 «Manejo de poblaciones especiales, pacientes con comorbilidad y gestión del riesgo»
No full textSince its inception, the Psoriasis Group (GPs) of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) has worked to continuously update recommendations for the treatment of psoriasis based on the best available evidence and incorporating proposals arising from and aimed at clinical practice. An updated GPs consensus document on the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis was needed because of changes in the treatment paradigm and the approval in recent years of a large number of new biologic agents. The consensus document was developed using the nominal group technique complemented by a scoping review. First, a designated coordinator selected a group of GPs members for the panel based on their experience and knowledge of psoriasis. The coordinator defined the objectives and key points for the document and, with the help of a documentalist, conducted a scoping review of articles in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to January 2021. The review included systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as clinical trials not included in those studies and high-quality real-world studies. National and international clinical practice guidelines and consensus documents on the management of moderate to severe psoriasis were also reviewed. The coordinator then drew up a set of proposed recommendations, which were discussed and modified in a nominal group meeting. After several review processes, including external review by other GPs members, the final document was drafted. The present guidelines include updated recommendations on assessing the severity of psoriasis and criteria for the indication of systemic treatment. They also include general principles for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis and define treatment goals for these patients as well as criteria for the indication and selection of initial and subsequent therapies Practical issues, such as treatment failure and maintenance of response, are also addressed.Justificación y objetivos: El desarrollo del actual arsenal terapéutico fundamentado en las terapias biológicas, la experiencia acumulada en ensayos clínicos y en práctica clínica real y los nuevos conocimientos sobre la patogénesis en psoriasis permiten posibilidades de individualización y hacen adecuada una actualización de las recomendaciones en cuanto a la gestión del riesgo en pacientes tratados con estos fármacos. El Grupo de Psoriasis de la Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología (GPS) trabaja desde su creación en la actualización continua de las recomendaciones para el tratamiento de la psoriasis, basándose en la mejor evidencia disponible e incorporando propuestas orientadas desde y para la práctica clínica. Metodología: Para la elaboración del consenso se siguió la metodología de grupos nominales, con ayuda de una scoping review. Tras designar a un coordinador, se seleccionó un grupo de trabajo constituido por integrantes del GPS con base en su experiencia y conocimiento en psoriasis. El coordinador definió los objetivos y puntos clave del documento y con ayuda de un documentalista se realizó una scoping review incluyendo datos de Medline, Embase y Cochrane Library (hasta enero del 2021). Se seleccionaron revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis y ensayos clínicos no incluidos en las mismas, guías de práctica clínica y documentos de consenso nacionales e internacionales, así como estudios de calidad en vida real. El coordinador generó las recomendaciones preliminares que fueron evaluadas y modificadas en una reunión de grupo nominal. Tras varios procesos de revisión, que incluyeron la revisión externa por parte de los miembros del GPS, se redactó el documento definitivo. Resultados: Se presentan en este documento recomendaciones prácticas y actualizadas relativas a la toma de decisiones terapéuticas con el uso de las terapias biológicas en pacientes que pertenecen a poblaciones especiales (ancianos, edad pediátrica, mujeres embarazadas o con deseo gestacional) o que presentan comorbilidades (obesidad, artritis psoriásica, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, depresión, cáncer, síndrome metabólico, diabetes, hígado graso no alcohólico, enfermedad cardiovascular, insuficiencia cardiaca y enfermedad renal o neurológica). Se aborda también la gestión del riesgo con el uso de terapias biológicas, analizando los riesgos potenciales previos al tratamiento y durante el mismo, así como los acontecimientos adversos más frecuentes, todo ello desde una orientación práctica y adaptada a la práctica clínica habitual.S
Hand Hygiene Compliance Rates in 9 Pediatric Intensive Care Units Across Europe: Results from the Reducing Antimicrobial use and Nosocomial Infections in Kids Network.
No full textA unified surveillance mechanism for hand hygiene and hospital-acquired infections for pediatric wards is lacking in Europe. We managed to setup such a mechanism in 9 pediatric intensive care units in 7 European countries, using World Health Organization's definitions and common methodology which allows for benchmarking among units and countries. Median hand hygiene compliance was found high 82.3% (interquartile range 71.6-94.5%), but gaps in practices were identified.S
SEOM-SOGUG clinical guideline for localized muscle invasive and advanced bladder cancer (2021).
No full textMost muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BC) are urothelial carcinomas (UC) of transitional origin, although histological variants of UC have been recognized. Smoking is the most important risk factor in developed countries, and the basis for prevention. UC harbors high number of genomic aberrations that make possible targeted therapies. Based on molecular features, a consensus classification identified six different MIBC subtypes. Hematuria and irritative bladder symptoms, CT scan, cystoscopy and transurethral resection are the basis for diagnosis. Radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy is the standard approach for muscle-invasive BC, although bladder preservation is an option for selected patients who wish to avoid or cannot tolerate surgery. Perioperative cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for cT2-4aN0M0 tumors, or as adjuvant in patients with pT3/4 and or pN + after radical cystectomy. Follow-up is particularly important after the availability of new salvage therapies. It should be individualized and adapted to the risk of recurrence. Cisplatin-gemcitabine is considered the standard first line for metastatic tumors. Carboplatin should replace cisplatin in cisplatin-ineligible patients. According to the EMA label, pembrolizumab or atezolizumab could be an option in cisplatin-ineligible patients with high PD-L1 expression. For patients whose disease respond or did not progress after first-line platinum chemotherapy, maintenance with avelumab prolongs survival with respect to the best supportive care. Pembrolizumab also increases survival versus vinflunine or taxanes in patients with progression after chemotherapy who have not received avelumab, as well as enfortumab vedotin in those progressing to first-line chemotherapy followed by an antiPDL1/PD1. Erdafitinib may be considered in this setting in patients with FGFR alterations. An early onset of supportive and palliative care is always strongly recommended.S
Sexual Differences in Addictions and Dual Disorders: Importance of Gender Perspective.
No full textSex (the biological attributes of females and males) and gender (socially constructed roles, behaviours, and identities) both affect molecular and cellular processes, protective and vulnerability factors, social and relational life [1], clinical features, seeking and responding to treatments, and health and illness [2]. Basic, preclinical, and clinical research has shown the presence of biological differences between the sexes from the beginning of embryonic development and throughout the entire life cycle [1]. Brain-imaging methods show sex-related differences in brain size, global and regional grey matter volume, white matter connectivity, and neuroanatomical regulation of appetite and satiety [3]. Sex differences have also been found in terms of the aetiology, prevalence, progression, severity, treatment efficacy, risk of side effects [4], and outcomes of multiple human diseases, including psychological, autoimmune, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, renal, and reproductive illnesses [3]. In addition, males and females metabolise drugs differently, with the latter presenting more adverse reactions with more serious effectsS
Patients with periodontitis and erectile dysfunction suffer a greater incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events: A prospective study in a Spanish population
No full textBackground Periodontitis and erectile dysfunction (ED) have been linked with cardiovascular disease. The association of periodontitis and ED with the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events has not been previously assessed. The aim of this study was to determine if the presence of periodontitis and ED has any effect on the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events. Methods Male patients that attended the Urology service were enrolled in a prospective study. Erectile dysfunction was diagnosed according to the International Index of Erectile Function. Sociodemographic data and periodontal clinical parameters were gathered (pocket probing depth, clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing (BoP), plaque index and number of teeth) at baseline. Major adverse cardiovascular events occurred both before and during the follow-up time were registered. Bivariate analyses, as well as a multivariate analysis were performed, adjusting for potential confounders. Results A total of 158 patients were included, with a mean follow-up of 4.2 years. A greater number of major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in the group that presented periodontitis and ED (P = 0.038). After adjusting by age and previous cardiovascular disease in the multivariate analysis, the annual major adverse cardiovascular event rate was estimated to be 3.7 times higher in the same group (P = 0.049). Other periodontal clinical variables together with ED supported these results and were close to statistical significance. Conclusions Patients with periodontitis and ED, adjusted by age and a cardiovascular disease, showed 3.7 times more risk of suffering major adverse cardiovascular events after mean follow-up of 4.2 years
The Multi-Component Smoking Cessation Support Programme (McSCSP) is effective in patients with severe mental disorder without gender differences.
No full textHigh prevalence of smoking in people with severe mental disorders (SMD) contributes to their medical morbidity and reduced life expectancy. Despite the evidence of gender differences in smoking cessation, few studies have tested those differences among people with SMD. This is a non-randomized, open-label, prospective, 9-month follow-up multicentre trial to examine gender differences in the efficacy, safety and tolerability of a Multi-Component Smoking Cessation Support Programme (McSCSP). The results showed that there were no significant differences in short- (males 44.9% vs females 57.7%, chi-square = 1.112, p = 0.292) or long-term efficacy (week 24: males 40.8%, females 42.3%, chi-square = 0.016, p = 0.901; week 36: males 36.7%, females 38.5%, chi-square = 0.022, p = 0.883) between gender, neither controlled by diagnosis or treatment. Regarding safety and tolerability, there was significant increase in abdominal perimeter in males [from 105.98 (SD 13.28) to 108.52 (SD 14.01), t = -3.436, p = 0.002)], but not in females. However, there were no significant gender differences in adverse events (constipation, abnormal/vivid dreams, nausea/vomiting or skin rash/redness around patch site). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that is effective and safe to help either male or female patients with stabilized SMD to quit smoking. However, it might be a tendency in females to respond better to varenicline treatment in the short-term. Future research with larger samples is required to more clearly determine whether or not the there are differences, in addition to their reliability and robustness.La elevada prevalencia del tabaquismo en personas con trastorno mental grave (TMG) contribuye a su morbilidad médica y reduce su esperanza de vida. A pesar de la existencia de diferencias de género en el cese del tabaquismo, pocos estudios han evaluado esas diferencias en personas con TMG. Este es un ensayo multicéntrico de seguimiento prospectivo, no aleatorizado, abierto de 9 meses para examinar las diferencias de gé-nero en la eficacia, seguridad y tolerabilidad de un programa multicom-ponente de apoyo para el cese del tabaquismo (McSCSP). Los resultados mostraron que no hubo diferencias de género significativas en la eficacia a corto (hombres 44,9% vs mujeres 57,7%, chi cuadrado = 1,112, p = ,292) ni a largo plazo (semana 24: hombres 40,8%, mujeres 42,0.3%, chi cuadrado = 0.016, p = ,901; semana 36: hombres 36,7%, mujeres 38,5% chi cuadrado = 0,022, p = ,883), incluso controlando por diagnóstico o tratamiento. Con respecto a la seguridad y la tolerabilidad, hubo un aumento significativo en el perímetro abdominal en los hombres [de 105,98 (DT 13,28) a 108,52 (DT 14,01), t = -3,436, p = ,002)], pero no en las mujeres. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias de género significativas en los eventos adversos (estreñimiento, sueños anormales/vívidos, náu-seas/vómitos o erupción cutánea/enrojecimiento alrededor de la zona del parche). En conclusión, hemos demostrado que es efectivo y seguro ayudar a los hombres y mujeres con TMG estabilizados a dejar de fumar. Sin embargo, podría haber una tendencia en las mujeres a responder mejor al tratamiento con vareniclina a corto plazo. Se requiere investiga-ción futura con muestras más amplias para determinar con más claridad la existencia de diferencias, además de la fiabilidad y robustezS
Development of atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction disturbances in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement with new generation self-expanding valves: A real world multicenter analysis.
No full textHigh degree cardiac conduction disturbances (HDCD) remain a major complication after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), especially with self-expandable valves (SEV). Our aim was to investigate peri-procedural and in-hospital modification of atrioventricular and intracardiac conduction associated to new generation SEV implantation, and the development of new HDCD resulting in permanent pacemaker implantation (PPM) in patients undergoing TAVR. Three-hundred forty-four consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent TAVR with a new generation SEV [Evolut-R/Pro (n = 130), Acurate-neo (n = 79), Portico (n = 75) and Allegra (n = 60)] were included. An analysis of baseline, post-TAVR and pre-discharge ECG and procedural aspects were centrally performed. A significant increase in baseline PR interval (169.6 ± 28.2 ms) and QRS complex width (101.7 ± 25.9 ms) was noted immediately post-TAVR (188.04 ± 34.49; 129.55 ± 30.02 ms), with a partial in-hospital reversal (179.4 ± 30.1; 123.06 ± 30.94 ms), resulting in a net increase at hospital discharge of 12.6 ± 38.8 ms and 21.4 ± 31.6 ms (p New generation self-expanding aortic valves were associated with a significant increase in PR and QRS interval at hospital discharge leading to a very high rate of HDCD. While valve recapture and implantation depth were independent predictors for the occurrence of HDCD, use of Accurate-Neo valve was a protective factor